





I, 





toss _4^i!x 2.1. 



Book 



/ 

THE 

PRONUNCIATION 



OF THE 



FRENCH LANGUAGE, 

TAUGHT BY ~ j 

TS^x^tXitt anil Cfieotfi, 

WITH THE STRICTNESS OF GEOMETRICAL SYNTHESIS, 

As it proceeds from the most simple Principles to the greatest Difficulties 

without any Anticipation: * ^^ i 



■f 



^ 4' 

IN TWO PARTS. /a^* 



The First containing Rules, without their Exceptions, exemplified by 
numerous graduated Exercises, including a Classification of 
upwards of Twenty-five Thousand Words. 
The Second :— The Connexion of Words— the Punctuation— the usual 
Abbreviations — the Recapitulation of the Rules, accompanied by 
their Exceptions — the Pronunciation of E called mute — 
the Reading of Poetry — lastly, an explanatory Alpha- 
betical List of ail the Exceptions. 

THE WHOLE FORMING A COMPLETE TREATISE. 

ADAPTED TO EVERY CAPACITY. 



By a. ROY, 

PROFESSOR OF LANGUAGES. 



Methodus initiativa — " Magistralis poscit ut fides habeatur iis quae dicuntur ; 
iuitiativa vero potius ut examen subeant: altera scientias discentium vulgo, altera 
tanquam filiis scientiaram tradit ; denique altera pro fine habet scieiitiarum (quales 
jam sunt) usuin; altera eai-umdem continuationem et ulteriorem progressuni. 
Harum posterior via videtur deserta et interclusa. Ita eniin adhuc scienti^e tradi 
consueverunt, quasi, ex pacto, tam docens quam discens, errores asciscere cupi- 
ant." Bacon. JJe Augm. Sclent, lib. vi. c. 2. 



LONDON: 
PRINTED FOR THE AUTHOR, 

By R.Clay, Devotuhire Street ^ Bishoj>sgate ; 

AND SOLD BY BOOSEV AND SONS, OLD BROAD STREET, EXCHANGE ; 

H. BETHOLD, SOHO SQUARE ; 

BURTON, SMITH AND CO. 156, LEADENHALL-STREET ; 

AND SIMPKIN & CO. STATIONERS* COURT. 

1820. 






[^ttUtei at Stationers' ^tdl] 



» ^ 



PREFACE. 



The complete knowledge of a living language con- 
sists in the Pronunciation of oral and written words. 
Ocular Comprehension (of the reader's own reading). 
Auricular Comprehension (of another's reading or 
speaking), Speaking, and Writing. 

Of the immense number of persons who have studied 
the French language in this country, comparatively 
few pronounce it well ; fewer pronounce and compre- 
hend it thoroughly in books ; very few exactly pro- 
nounce and comprehend it, written and spoken ; hardly 
any one pronounces, both ways comprehends, speaks 
and writes it with purity, that is, according to the 
numberless, minute, contradictory, absurd, inextricable 
rules of Grammarians, the devout worshippers of 
Proteus-like Custom, (i) 

The cause of so general a failure lies partly in the 
difficulty of the language, and chiefly in the methods 
of teaching it. Elementary books now in use seem in- 
deed to be calculated for the very purpose of imparting 
a defective, wrong, and delusive knowledge. Some 
are swelled with rules and thin of examples ; several, 
filled with indigest matter, are mere vocabularies with- 
out grammatical principles; others are but keys, not^ 
dews, to the labyrinth; in none full practice and com- 
plete theory go hand in hand ; in all the method of 
non-anticipation, the true and only good mode of 

(1) In no country have more grammars been made than in 
France ; yet the nature of language can no where be so little 
understood as it generally is in France ; no where more verbal' 



IV PREFACE. 

tuition, which consists in presenting no new difficulty 
without its explanation, is shamelessly disregarded* 

Pronunciation cannot be learnt from the extant 
spelling-books : it requires the full investigation of every 
letter, numerous practical examples of its regular 
powers, and all the anomalies it gives rise to ; but spell- 
ing-books only exhibit scanty lists of words ranged 
according to the number of their syllables, wherein 
the thread of analogy, broken at every instant by irre- 
gularities, slips through the pupiFs fingers, and leaves 
him groping and tumbling in the dark. In fact, most 
learners, after several years' study, remain ignorant of 
the very elements of pronunciation, unable to utter a 
line .without hesitation and blunders. Grammars not 
containing reading-exercises upon particular rules, the 
translating of French into English cannot begin until 
the adopted grammar is^ ^one through, which takes a 
considerable time ; in the contrary ease, the scholar, 

• J ' ' . ' ,. ' ,"■<. . Mi ii i% i jfr-/i .i i ful l 1 rn'- i T-ii ii V - 1 t! ;"Vl; v'f I "*■• ' "; i t; '"'Vi j'V. >t>'" ' i i m i j. t.i i; — r- 

J. , V ' - 

criticifiin^ more nonsense and silliness about style, accuracy^ 
taste, elegance, harmony, &c. Than the French, no language 
has been more shorn, starved and debased by polite and fashion- 
able writers backed by clumsy, blind, servile grammarians. 
There, too often are manly thoughts contFacied by the narrow 
meaning of words, or quartered to death by circumlocutous 
verbosities ;— there analogy, the refreshing fountain, the hourly 
food of language, has been, by classical authority, cut oflf; — 
there, revered, has long ruled Custom, the legislator, informer, 
witness, judge, and executioner of language. But such despots 
must unavoidably fall ; and Custom, in those glorious though 
stormy days when both mind and body were freed from their 
chains, was mortally struck on his throne, in this country, where 
his povver is much limited, Custom has also been attacked by a 
mighty foe, the Rev. Mr. Gilchrist, a philologist often profound, 
philosophic and original. At no distant period, perhaps, will be 
wholly fulfilled this anathema, thundered upon the heads of all 
blind letterly guides : oi/a; v/Aiv, yf)a/>tf<,ar5/5^, o^^jyo/ rvfXot, ff^oe 
unto you^ grammatists^ scribes and SjCribhlers^ ye blind guides t 



PREFACE. V 

Hnguided by the grammatical sea-compass, is launched 
into an ocean of difficulties without scarcely any chance 
of ever arriving to the intended place. The same de- 
ficiency renders the auricular comprehension impossible 
to be taught in a proper manner and time.(l) Vocal 
translating of English into French, speaking, ortho- 
graphy and composition, being the result of much 
grammatical reading and practice, cannot be thoroughly 
learnt from such books ; in short, the object to whose 
acquaintance they pretend to lead, remains wrapt up,* 
unattained, in their sheets, showing, itself just enough, 
to indicate it is to be learnt. 

With the design of making, in a mode of teaching 
so palpably erroneous, improvements that might lead 
the learner with speed and facility to the actual attain- 
ment of the various branches composing the science of 
the French language, the author^ during several years' 
continual and eiLtensive experience through which he got 
acquainted with almost all school-books and methods^ 

(1) It may be remarked that almost all who understand 
French in books, appear to be deaf when it is spoken or read to 
them. The cause is, that the education of the ear (the sole organ 
conveying sonorous significancy, which some even take for the 
seat of genius) is far more difficult and long than that of the 
mouth and intellect. It cannot begin too soon, a reason perhaps 
why it is not undertaken (within my knowledge) by any pro- 
fessor. I shall here submit the mode I constantly follow in the 
tuition of the two-fold disciple. In the absence of a proper 
grammar, the first book to be read serves my purpose. The 
pupil having prepared what he can, I take the book, and, instead 
of letting him translate into English while looking on it, I read 
with a distinct and slow voice, one, two, three or more words, 
according to their meaning and his capacity, making him trans- 
late them as literally as possible. In proportion as he improves, ' 
I read more, faster, or what he has not previously studied. Thaa 
this exercise there is none more- useful, more tiring and tedious 
to both learner and teacher 5— ^a recommendation not very press- 
ing for the method. 

A3 



has never ceased to reflect on their merit and imper-^ 
fection, to collect grammatical facts, and to study the 
intellectual faculties, the knowledge of whose opera- 
tions is so requisite for rational tuition. The first 
result of his labours, now offered to the Pubhc, is a 
Treatise on the Pronunciation of the French Language. 
In it are inseparably combined the most complete 
theory, with a copious practical exemplification. The 
method is geometrically synthetic, the author's unre- 
mitted efforts having been to avoid anticipation, the 
bane of the art of teaching; it is al«o initiative (" vo^ 
cabulum a sacris mutftantes," says the great Bacon^ 
*' earn dicimus methodum initrativam quae ipsa scienti- 
arum mysteria recludat et denuded), as the matter is 
sifted to the bottom, and its corruptions as well as the 
absurdities of orthoepists exposed. 

The work is divided into two parts. 

The First Part contains '.—^Preliminary statements or 
elementary principles, illustrated by the English lan- 
guage, and applicable to the French — the Kudiments 
of French pronunciation — the successive Rules or 
analogies of their combination, exemplified in inde* 
pendent Elements followed by Exercises, every word 
of which, classed according to the number of its syl-^ 
iables, includes the new element and some of the 
preceding, but none of the succeeding. By this in- 
creasing progression, the pupil will incessantly repeat 
the foregoing lessons while learning new ones, and 
cannot but acquire correctness with fluency < The words 
are not divided into syllables, as in other spelling- 
books : for the beginner ought to be taught syllabica- 
tion, but must not find it ready made ; and he cannot 
learn how to make it if he does not make it himself, 
as he cannot learn how to pronounce sounds and arti- 
culations if he pronounces not. Besides, syllabication 
ought to be made without any reference to etymology: 



PREFACE. r VU 

farther than this, says Mr. Walker, No. 539, it would 
be absurd to go with a child, or a well-informed person 
ignorant of French, as it would be an anticipation. In 
the works of this kind, technical terms seem to have 
been carefully avoided ; the consequence is, that when 
such words occur, which is not unfrequent, the most 
advanced pupils shrink stammering before them as be- 
fore monsters ; — they are copiously inserted in this. 
Upwards of twenty-five thousand regular words, the 
half of the language, are classed in the exercises; a 
part of which may be passed over by those scholars 
for whom a few lessons are sufficient to acquire a good 
pronunciation ; the meanest capacities cannpt dispense 
with going through the whole, and, several times, the 
parts which they may happen to find more difficult. 
No exception to the rules is given in the first part. 

The Second Part contains:— the Connexion of words, 
wherein are explained and subsequently exemplified, 
the junqtion and disjunction of final consonants and 
initial vowels — the Marks of Punctuation — the most 
usual Abbreviations — the Recapitulation of the Rules 
of the first part, accompanied by tlieir Exceptions; 
this exhibits the very body of the language with regard 
to pronunciation, and forms an excellent contrasted 
exercise which cannot be too often perused — the Pro- 
nunciation of the unaccented E called mute ; an im- 
portant subject till then imperfectly treated of, and 
scarcely known to foreigners — the Reading of Poetry 
— lastly, an Alphabetical List of the Exceptions, ex- 
plained and referred by numbers to the page and article 
they belong to in the second part. This list will prove 
an useful promiscuous exercise, and is intended, to- 
gether with the rules, to serve as a pronouncing 
dictionary in the general reading of books. 

The French words are not translated into English, 
except those whose double pronunciation depends on 



VUl PREFACE. 

their meaning. Translation, in spelling-books, is, if 
learnt, a dangerous anticipation of grammar which 
retards the acquirement of pronunciation ; if not learnt, 
an encumbrance good only to fill up pages, but 
wearisome to the eye and preventing legibleness. 

Lastly, the present Treatise is adapted to every ca- 
pacity. The highest and most inquiring will find every 
point thoroughly investigated, every principle illus- 
trated by numerous facts, and every deviation regis- 
tered; the meanest wdll find every point clearly stated, 
and as much of practical matter as can be necessary, 
presented in a slow, but constant and methodical pro- 
gression. In this respect no work can be found fitter 
and easier for children, who, having but just learnt 
how to read English, would be taught the French pro- 
nunciation, a course expressly recommended, as pro- 
nunciation is almost the only part of a foreign language 
that can be successfully taught at so tender an age, 
and this almost the only age when it can be learnt well- 
As to the kind of pronunciation here offered to the 
English Pubhc, it is, of course, the received one, 
whose standard is raised in Paris, and followed not 
indeed by petits-mattres and the populace who have a 
strong insipid accent, but by the gens comme iijauf; 
people as they ought to be, who have no such thing, 
and may be born or live any where, but especially 
(as far as pronunciation is concerned) in France. No 
pain has been spared to attain its completeness and 
accuracy. Among the numerous authorities that have 
been consulted, the principal are, Domergue, Lemare, 
D'Olivet, Dieudonne-Thiebault, Boiste, Demandre, 
Duclos, Gattel, Girault-Duvivier, Richelet for hi^ 
rhymes, and the Dictionary of our unerring Acadtmie 
for its reason. 

24, Great Puliemy Street, Golden Square, 
Mar<:h 1, 1820, 



CONTENTS. 



PART I. 



Page 

Preliminary Statements . • 1 

French Alphabet 8 

Vowels 9 

Consonants .... •...•.. ib. 

Accents , ♦ in. 

Classification of Sounds . • ih. 
Classification of Articula- 
tions ................ 10 



JUNCTION OF LETTERS. 

Single Ijnitial Consonants 
WITH Single Vowels. 



Consonants pronounced as 
in English • . « 



11 



£ mute ....•,.•..•..•.• 12 

Single Medial Consonant ib. 

S between Vowels ...... 19 

Consonants requiring Ex- 
planation 20 

Seteral Medial Consonants. 

Siftgle Articulation expressed 
by Double Consonants . 32 
by Two different Conso- 
nants • 37 

by Three Consonants • • • • 38 

jl wo Articulations expi'esstd 

by One Consonant ib, 

by Two Consonants • » • • ib. 

by Three Consonants .. 54 

by Four Consonants • • • • 57 

Three Articulations expressed 
by Two Consonants .... 57 
by Three Consonants , , 58 
by Four Consonants . . , . 59 

Four Articulations expressed 
by Three Consonants ., 59 
by Four Consonants .... ^0 



Page 



m 

66 

69 
ib, 
70 



Final Consonants pre- 
ceded BY Single Vowels. 

Single Consonants 

Inarticulated Consonants 
Articulated Consonants . 

Two Consonants 

both Inarticulated 

the first only Articulated 
both Articulated .,..•• 

Three Consonants 
One Articulated ........ 10 

Two Articulated • 71 

Contrasted Exercise ib. 

Several Initial Consonants. 

. s 

Single Articulation expressed 
by Double Consonants . . 78 
by Two different Conso- 
nants •...• ib. 

by Three Consonants , . 79 

Two Articulaiions expressed 
by a Single Consonant . . 79 
by Two Consonants . • • • ib, 
by Three Consonants . . 89 
by Four Consonants .... 90 

Three Articulations expressed 
by Three Consonants . . 90 

Several Vowels. 
One Sound 9 1 

Final Consonants preceded 
by monophthongal vowels. 

Single Consonants 

Inarticulated 93 

Articulated ib. 

Two Consonants 

hoth Inarticulated 93 

The first only articulated 94 

Two Sounds 104 

Three Sounds , . . 1 j 4 

Four Sounds • tic 

Five Sounds ; . Hi, 



CONTENTS. 



Page 

Nasal Sounds •••••. ,^». • 116 

Denasalisation ........ 120 

Nnsal Sounds preceded by others 

TwoSounds 132 

Three Sounds 136 

Four Sounds • ih. 

Five Sounds ib» 

T followed by i and other 
V oweis • • • • » »'-t ••••••• xc/f 



• • • • •■* • • • 

■•-• y ■ . 



t retaining its proper Articu- 
lation • •• ib* 

t pronounced like .« .... 13B 

GNSalival 141 

L and LL Salival ........ 143 

Salival Pronunciation .... 144 

Unsalival Pronunciation •• 145 



PART II. 



CONNEXION OF WORDS 

(ui i»rose) 150 

Marks of Punctuation • • • • 153 

Abbreviations 158 

Ciphers , . . . . 159 



Recapitulation, 



One Exception 

A 

B.... 

Double Consonants' 
C 



D, 
E. 
F , 
G. 
H. 
I , 
J . 
K. 
L. 
M, 
N, 
O. 
P . 



4^. 



•.• 



160 
163 
164 
165 
170 
171 
179 
181 
183 
190 
193 
ib, 
ih, 
198 

199 

204 

207 



Q 

R 
S 
T 
U 
V 
X 
Y 
Z 



20? 

209 

212 

219 
228 
231 
232 
234 
235 



7\vo Exceptions .....»•• 236 

7%ree Exceptions 238 

Connexion of words conti- 
nued ib, 

E Simple Weakened or 

Silent 239 

Reading of Poetry 250 

Reckoning oy Syllables 

One Sound 25 1 

TwoSounds ...* -252 

Three> Four Sounds . . . • 255 
Verses witliout necessary 

Csssura 255 

Verses with a regular Caesura 256- 
Alphabetical List of the Ex- 
ceptions ..•.••.•..•.-♦.. 264. 



ERRATA. 



Page 8, line 27 i tube, bouche 

— 20, — 7 : t must not 

— 21, •— 1 : ki 

— 24, — 19 ; chim^r 

— 35, — 8 : . . . .diff6remme 



read tube bouchd 

— d must not 

— ksi 

— chimere 
diffdremme. . . . 



—105, note 2: after definition of, add a syllable pronounced in 
—149, last line : figured read explained 

—153, note I. 5 : after donne add of the imperative 
—231, I. 33: wist read vvisk, whist 

_240, I. 4: paradoxe, z^nonique read paradoxe z6nonique 
— 261, L 36: s'olan^ant read s'^iangant 

The Header's indulgence is requested for many grammatical 
faults and Gallicisms likely occurring in the English part, as the 
yJuthor wrote it himself wholly unassisted. 



THE 

^pronunciation 



OF 



THE FmENCM JLANGUAGE 



• 



PART I. 



^^^»^^^ 



RULES OR ANALOGIES, 

WLTHOUT THOR 

EXCEPTIONS. 



PRELIMINARY STATEMENTS. 

( Children mat/ pass them over and begin page 11^. 

Men feel and think, (i) 

They naturally manifest their feelings and 
ihoughts by silent or sonorous motions^ viz. ges- 
tures and voice. 

The voice is the air sent out of the lungs, and 
rendered sonorous by the glottis or aperture of the 
windpipe, the throat, palate, nose, tongue, teeth 
and lips. 

Its various modifications are sounds. 

The producing of the voice is its emission or im* 
pulse. 



(I) Sensations and ideas being the objects represented by ges- 
tures and words, it is a gross perversion of principles to study these 
signs before the objects they signify. Hence the almost universal 
igfiorance of the nature of language ; for not one of those who fol- 



A single emission may produce a single short 
sound, or a single sound as long, or as many diffe- 
rent but uninterrupted sounds, as the breath can 
last. 

The various ways of bringing in contact and 
separating the vocal organs, are articulations^ which 
produce, of themselves, no vocal sound whatever, 
and can be performed without any, as they only 
open or shut the passage to the voice ; whilst sounds, 
essentially accompanied by a certain conformation 
and posture of the organs, which maybe considered 
as sonorous positions, cannot exist without them- 
selves, (i) Articulated sounds, therefore, are com- 
posed of both silent motions and sonorous positions. 
In ba^ b represents the silent motion of the lips, and 
a the sound with the necessary conformation of the 
mouth. 

Though articulations are not sonorous, they are 
sensible to the ear, as they mould and shape the 
sound which conveys their action to this organ. 

One or several grouped sounds, with or without 
articulation, expressing one or several ideas, is a 
word. 

Each sound of a word is naturally and theoreti- 
cally a sj/llable or monophthongs that is, one sound. 
There is one natural syllable in go^ two in i, three 
in wh^. 

However, there are sounds so weak or rapid, 
that sometimes they are not reckoned as syllables. 



low' such a course ever arrives to the least knowledge of it : hence 
the destructive imposture of language ; hence impostors of every 
description; hence slavery, misery, vices and crimes. The natural 
and ratiorial process is first to get sensations and ideas, next tu 
study them, last to study their signs. Such a method would make 
human beings men, or at least would not hinder them from becom- 
ing so. However, as words may be considered as mere insignificant 
sounds, an acquaintance with the faculties of the intellect is nearly 
indifferent for the learning of written as well as oral pronunciation ^ 
and children can and ought to begin it as early as possible. 

(1) So tlie supposed inseparability and even identity of vowels 
and consonants do not necessarily exist. 



ns th^t of e in nominate^ a word of three syllables 
only; they often are unwritten, as the same sound 
ofe in the monosyllable sports^ which is pronounced 
and might be spelt seporetese; sometimes also, 
several sounds, undivided by articulations, are 
considered as one syllable called rf/p/zMo;?^ if con- 
taining two sounds, as /, eye^ yoxi^ out; thriph^ 
thongs if three, as why^ power; quadriphthong^ 
if four; quintiphthong/i^Rve; &c. These syllables 
are usual, metrical or rhythmical, (i) 



(1} The distmction of monophthongal and diphtliongal syllables 
evidently originated in the rhythmical and metrical compositions 
of the ancients, the verses of which contained an equal number of 
metres or measures pronounced in an equal duration, or time, 
though composed of a various number of sounds. Two times at 
least might be spent on one sound (a syllable long), and two sounds 
(a diphthong) might be pronounced in one time. Accordingly the 
Greeks said xppvo? (7vKkaQv)v iroizt, time makes the syllable. Wit" 
regard to the rhythm and metre, this timely distinction of sounds 
of unequal duration was perfectly just, but would have. been absurd 
in free speech. Most modern grammarians, fearing for the musical 
and temporal existence of syllables, have endeavoured to establish 
them on the eternal basis of nature, with the help of physiology. 
They define a syllable, — 07ie or several sounds uttered in a single 
emission or iinpulse of the voice. According to this imposing de- 
finition there are not only diphthongs and triphthongs, but qua- 
driphthongs and quintiphthongs, and there might be syllables of 
many more sounds. But what difference is there between the 
emissions of two, three, four, five sounds when forming tv/o, three, 
four, five syllables, and when but one? None. What ears long 
enough to reach the difference, for instance, betv/een oui (yes) one 
syllable, and oui (heard) two ? None but those of grammarians. 
(See p. 105, 25 1-3 J English and Italian poets put, in general, as 
many natural syllables as they can in averse, counting weak sounds 
as nothing, and adapting the rhythm to the usual pronunciation ; 
the French, on the contrary, cotnmonly coiint weak sounds assylla* 
bles, disfigure pronunciation by adapting it to the rhythm, and, 
in the place of ideas, put sounds. 

As for the words guadj-ipht hongs and quint iplithongs , they have 
not been coined to ridicule the doctrine : they are found, defined 
and supported in Galignani's Grammar, enlarged by Dr. Montucci, 
two orthodox grannnarians, not trained up in the levelling school of 
modern Home Tookes, but in that of Buommattei, Cinonio, Corti- 
celli, Salviati, most authorised, authorising, authoritative authors 
of infallible authority, and papal in fallibihty. 



A monophthongal, diphthongal, triphthongal word 
is a monosyllable^ that is, of one syllable, as go, /, 
why ^ 'power; if of two, a dissyllable^ iSLspapa, influ" 
ence^ Jlowery^ downward ; of three, di trisyllable^ 
as readily^ unpitying^ immediate ; of four, a quad' 
risyllablcj as academy^ immediately ; of five, six, 
seven or more, polysyllables^ that is, several syl- 
lables. 

Sounds are pronounced long or shorty which is 
their quantity or duration. 

English sounds are fixedly long or short in differ- 
ent words : a is long in father^ fall^ pale^ and short 
in fat; /is long in machine^ lives^ and short in ^o 
livcj pin ; o is long in wo, and short in got. 

Sounds, in French, are neither fixedly long or 
short, but either in the same words according to the 
speaker's feeling* The positive or natural quantity 
of French sounds is equality; there are few excep- 
tions. (See the circumflex accent p. 9, 134-5.) 

In the English words of several sounds one is 
pronounced louder than the rest, which rising of 
the voice is called accent or stress ^ in indiscrimi" 
nately the accent is on m. 

French words have no necessary and fixed accent. 
The stress may be laid on any sound in a word or 
sentence by sentiment and meaning alone.(0 — (See 
p. 155.) 



(1) J.J. Rousseau and others pronounce the French language to 
have neither quantity or accent, and they revile it for this defor- 
mity. D'Oltvet, Scoppa, and others, maintain it ought to have and 
h£is them, and they exalt it foi these great beauties. The philosopher 
is right in his assiertion, but wrong in his strictures ; the French and 
Sicilian abbots are wrong both in their statements and commenda- 
tions. It is an adage in France, that to speak French well, we must 
speak without accent, that is, without fixed accent. The peculiar 
quality (an eminent one) of its pronunciation consists in being 
free, even, flexible, open as well to every natural accent of the 
speaker, as to any note of the musician. Since it has been in my 
power to observe the effect of fixed quantity and accent in the 
Italian and English tongues, I venture to say it renders the speech 



There is a manner of pronouncing peculiar to 
affirming, denying, questioning, exclaiming; to 
the various sentiments, as joy, fear, anger, &c. ; 
this manner is called tone^ and found in all lan- 
guages. 

The collection of words used by an individual or 
society, is their language or tongue. 

The originary author of language was nature or 
physical nece&sity ; its vuier is custom, but ought 
to be reason. 

Sounds and articulations, the transient signs of 
sensations and ideas, addressed to the ear, are re- 
presented to the eye by other signs called letters ; 
the epoch of whose origin and their nature at that 
time, remain unknown ; they are now considered 
as arbitrary and conventional signs. 

Spoken language is called oral; and written if 
represented by letters. 

The theory and practice of a mere oral language 
might be termed orthology or proper speaking, com- 
prehending orthoepy or right pronunciation, ety^ 

obscure, uncertain, difficult, stiff, rugged ; a monotonous tiresome 
singing, which stifles the sentiments and natural emphasis to which 
it substitutes a customary artificial one ; for it is often the prosodi- 
aca! accent, and not the speaker, that feels or seems to feel. How 
heartless and tedious then must have been the boasted melopy and 
rhythmopy of the Athenian grasshoppers ! a true Chinese elocution, 
Mr. Walker, a minute and generally rational orthoepist, justly 
remarks that the obrious tendency of accent is to preserve the 
letters (on which it falls) in their pure and uniform sound, while the 
relaxation which succeeds the accent as naturally suffers the letters 
to slide into a more obscure sound. (Pron, Diet, No. 69.^ But, like 
most other writers, admiring what he treats of, be ludicrously 
affirms that the ''accent of the ancients is the opprobium of modem 
criticism. Nothing," he says, *' can show more evidently the fallibi- 
lity of the human faculties than the total ignorance we are in at 
present of the nature of the Latin and Greek accent.'* (No. 486.) Au 
assertion very diflferent from this of Bacon's : *' quod vero ad accentus 
verborum, nil opus est de re tam pusilla dicere, nisi forte illud quis 
notatu dignum putet : quod accentus verborum exquisite, accentus 
autem sententiarum neutiquam in observationem venit." De Augm, 
Scie7it, lib. vi. cap. 1. See on the same subject Mr, Cilehrisfs Phi' 
losophic Etymology y^.^ZZ, 



6 

^o/o^j^ or true composition of wordis, and syntax^ 
their arrangement. 

The theory and practice of a written language 
consist in its grammar^ which, besides orthology, 
comprehends orthography or proper representation 
of sounds by letters. 

The pronunciation of oral words is the emission 
of their sounds, and can only be learnt by imitation. 
That of written words is the emission of the sounds 
represented by their letters, according to certain 
principles, and is learnt by the imitation of the 
voice, induction or analogy through directions, 
the more or less easily, according to the more or 
less constancy and extensiveness of the principles. 
Nevertheless, the latter pronunciation is much more 
difficult than the former : for the organs cannot 
utter until the memory has recollected the sound or 
articulation designated by each letter, and we are 
sooner able to speak than to read. 

The pronunciation of the French language is 
taught in this book by explanations, and through the 
medium of letters, the sounds represented by them, 
and their various elementary combinations, being 
first uttered by a person. 

The collection of the letters of a language is called 
its alphabet. 

The English alphabet, similar to the French, is 
composed of the following letters : «, 6, c, t/, e, j^ 
g", h, ij^ A-, /, m^ n, o, p, q^ r, s^ t^ u^ v, w, x^y^ z. 

Those denoting sounds are : «, e, /, o, w, w^ y^ 
called vowels. 

Those denoting articulations are : &, c, d>,Jl g*, A, 
J, Z:, /, 772, n^ /;, q^ r, 5, ?, t), *27, z, called consonants. 

Of the English vowels some express a single 
sound, as a^ e, o/ others a single or double sound, as 
2, w, w^y / sometimes several united vowels repre- 
sent but one sound, as a^^ o?, ai^ aw^ oa^ ouj oo^ woy 
&c., improperly called diphthongs. 



A breathing is sometimes heard before sounds, 
and called aspiration ; it is commonly marked, in 
English, by //, which may be considered as a vowel, 
if that breathing be a vocal sound. 

Of the above consonants 6, c, rf, f^ h^ Ic^ ^, m^ fly 
p^ q^ s^ /, V, k, express a single articulation y r a 
double one; j, x two different; g a single or two 
different ; these united consonants shj thy ph re- 
present a single articulation ; ch two different. 

Consonants are distinguished and classed accord- 
ing to the organs of their formation. The classifica- 
tion (not description) of the English may be this : 



Labial [bilabial {^^f^- 
C unilabial dental 



Single 



•••••• 



• • • • 



Simpler 



j 



iflat 



dental 



< oral 
close ^ *'"" \ nasal 
(^ curve . . . ^ . . 

loose • . . . 

interdental •««•*••• 

r close • 

guttural Z J r vibratory . . • . 
t \ quiescent • • • . 
^guttural aspirate . . • • 



LinguaH 



m 



n 



■pj , , r Lingual dental-close-curve, guttural-loose vibra- 
. ^" ^ttory 

C Lingual dental-close-flat-oral, guttural- ^ j, g • • 

Mixed Z loose quiescent X ch. . . . 

C. Lingual guttural-close, dental-loose x . . . . 



Twins 



weak 



v 
d 

1 

z 
th 

r 

z\\ 
h 

r 
dzh 

gz 



strong 
P 

f 
t 

r 

s 
th 

k 

r 
sh 

h 



tsh 
' ks 



Vowels cannot be pronouliced without sound 
which is their essence. They may be defined, po- 
sitions of the organs with sound. 

All consonants may be pronounced, that is, the 
organic motions may be performed, without any 
sound whatever. 

Of the consonants, preceding the vowels, some 
represent organic motions only, as 60, po^ mo^ do^ 
tOj noj go J ko ; others produce a sound, as ho^ '^o^fo, 
lo, ro^ soy zoy thoy sho^jo^ cho^oco ; and if the sound 



8 

of these consonants be vocal, they may, in this case, 
be considered as vowels. 

Consonants followed by others with vowels, often 
produce the sound of e, as in hlo^ gro^ ev^r^-^beloy 
geroy everi/^ 

Consonants preceded by sounds written or not, 
may be pronounced in two ways^ viz. in joining 
without immediately separating the organs (i) : 06, 
op, om^ on^ od^ ot^ og, oA*, o/J ovyol^ os^ oz^ oth^ oskj 
— or in joining and separating them : ob (obe)^ op^ 
om^ on^ ody ot^ ogybk^ of^ &c. ; in the second case 
the sound of e is emitted after the consonant, as in 
note — not. 

Most of the preceding remarks are applicable to 
French as well as English Letters, 



(1) This happens when a consonant is followed by a very analo- 
gous one : in empire, Baltic, the organs, joined at m and /, disjoin 
only at p and t. In English the same sometimes happens at the 
end of words ; no sound, at least, i« then emitted, as in egotism, 
sarcasm, evil; even in several words, e final or penultimate (as 
ap^pears from Mr. Walker's erroneous No. 405) is sunk in its place 
and transferred before the preceding consonant, as in able, table, 
circle, peopled, bridled, pronounced abel, tabel, cirJiel, peopelde, 
hridelde ( Mr. Gilchrist* s Phil. Etym. p. 260> The two first 
modes are used in French with analogous consonants only, as in m 
Etna, il tombe, and e is or may be sunk only between such and fl 
similar consonants, as in saintt^te, epjamhementy tube^ bouche. 
Seep. 12, 239. 



FRENCH ALPHABET. 

Most letters, in French, have lately received 
new names. The ancient, still comitionly used, 
are, in general, absurd; the new, rational, being 
merely the sounds of the voice (for vowels), and 
(for consonants) the motions of the organs rendered 
audible by utterins^ the least and most obscure of 
sounds fej. These latter names (of consonants) are^ 
in some cases, the very powers of the letters. 

No means can accurately exhibit these powera 
and names but the voice of a competent person. 
For this reason the names are written in French to 
be learnt after the powers have been taught. 



LETTERS. 


Neto Names 

and 
Powers* 


Ancient 
Names. 


ROMAN 


ITALIC. 


Capital 


6 mail 


Capital 


Small 




A 


a 


A 


a 


a 


a 


B 


b 


B 


b 


be 


be 


c 


c 


c 


c 


ke, se, ce 


c6 


D 


d 


D 


d 


de 


de 


H 


e 


E 


e 


e, eu 


e 


F 


f 


F 


f 


fe 


efe 


G 




G 


ff 


gue, je, ge 


g6 


H 


h 


H 


h 


(1) 


ache 


I 


• 

1 


I 


• 

I 


• 

1 


• 

1 


J 


J 


J 


• 

J 


je 


• • 


K 


k 


K 


k 


ke 


ka 


L 


I 


L 


I 


le 


ele 


M 


ni 


M 


m 


me 


erne 


N 


11 


N' 


n 


ne 


ene 


O 


o 








o 


o 


P 


P 


P 


P 


pe 


pe 


Q 


q 


Q 


<1 


ke, que 


quu, ku 


R 


r 


R 


r 


re 


ere 


s ■ 


s 


S- 


s 


se 


- esse 


1' 


t 


T 


t 


te 


te . 


IJ 


u 


U 


u 


u 


u 


V 


V 


V 


V 


ve 


ve 


X 


X 


X 


X 


kse, 2rze, xe 


ixe 


Y 


y 


Y y 


»' y 


i grec 


Z 


z 


Z ■ a 


ze 


zede 



(1) This letter expresses now neidier sound or articulation neces- 
sarily and of itself. It therefore cannot, like the others, receive an 



9 

Letters are divided into vowels : 

c/2rf consonants : 

h c, d, f, g, h, j, k, 1, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, x, z. 

The six vowels express only jive sounds^ i and y 
sounding alike. But as the French language has 
several besides^ the deficiency of letters is supplied 
by marks called accents, and by various combina- 
tions. 

The accents are :' 
the acute (') which put on e changes its sound: e ; 
the grave (') which put on e changes its sound ; e, 

hut does not alter a, u — a, u. 
the circutnflex {'') which^ put on all vowels hut y, 

renders them long : a, e, i, 6, u. 

Single vowels^ simple or accented^ are then ; a, 
a, a, e, e^ e, e, i, i, y, o, 6, u, u, u. 

The combinations of letters expressing the same 
or other sounds are (to be learnt p. 91) : 
ai, ai, ei, ay, ey sounding like e, e, e ; 

aBjCe-.* e; 

au, eau • • 0,6; 

feu, eu, ceu e forcibly pronounced ; 

ou, ou differing from other sounds ; like ou in the 
English word you, and 00 in too. 

Vozoels preceding a single m or n unfollowed by 
other vowels^ form nasal sounds (to be learnt p. 116); 
am, an, en, em alike; 
im, in, ym, yn, aim, ain, eim, ein alike ; 
om, on alike ; 
urn, un alike. 

The foregoing vocal signs, simple, accented and 
combined, may be thus classed according to the 



onomatopic name i» the new nomenclature. It is nevertheless dis- 
tinguished in ?t mute, and h aspirated. But aspiration is used, in 
French, when energy requires it, before any vowel preceded or not 
by h; and vowels preceded by ^mute or aspirated, are pronounced 
without aspiration, if there is no necessity. See p. 183*9. 



10 

t 

different degree of aperture of tke mouthy required 
for their utterance. 





a, ^ 

^, al, ei, ay, ey 
e, e, ai, ei, ay, ey 
e, ai, ae, cc 


oral 
sounds ^ 


o, ail, eau 
6, au, eau 
e (1) 
e, eu, oeu 


' 


Gu, oeu 




u, u 
ow, oA 



Tan, am, en, em 
nasal j im, in, ym, yii, aim, ain, eim, ein 
sounds J om, on ^ 

(^um, im 

Each consonant commonly denotes a particular 
articulation ; but q is always pronounced like k; c 
also like k in some cases^ and like s in others ; x like 
ks and gz ; Ii alone now expresses no articulation. 
There are two articulations constantly represented by 
two letters : cli and gn ; and a third by i^ il or ill. 
French consonants may be thus classed : 



(l) e expresses various sounds according to its being combined 
with a following consonant as in rez, domier, les, net, perdu, vent^ 
rieriy or pronounced by itself, as in le, me, prenant, contre, table y 
une, cofn7ne, and is generally counted as a syllable. It is, there- 
fore, a deceitful impropriety to call it mute, a character it assunies 
only after other vowels as in vue, lie, armee, loue, gate, vote. 
When uncombined it is pronounced strongly or weakly; strongly 
guttural by some, and labial by the majority, as eu: le feu; weakly 
in all the parts of the mouth concurring in articulating the conso- 
nants by which it is accompanied. In consequence of its orthogra- 
phy and offices when uncombined, it may be termed e simple, 
strong, weak, and mute» 



10 




bilabial J oral (^of the mouth) . , • . 
(of both lips J I iiasil (of the nose) .... 

unilabial-dental (of one lip and the teeth) 

^^^•'•'{nafal 

dental 1 close<f curve (1) 

(ofthetteth)\ i salival roral(2) 

(of spittle)')^usiS3\ 
loose»»» 

guttural f<=»»««.-v; ••••• 

Ccfthe throat A loose 1'"'?'**°'^ 

l_ \quiescent 

guttural aspirate (3) 



Single 


Ttv\ 


Ins 




weak 


strong 




b 


P 


m 








V 


f 




d 


" X 


n 








1 


T 




1 


il 


g" 








z 


S 




g 


k 




r 


r 




• 

J 


ch 




h 

r 


h 

r 





X 


1 gz 


ks 



Multipliable. lingual dental-close-curve, guttural-loose 

vibratory 

Mixed. iing:ual guttural-close, dental-loose •••••.. 

e aifid q are not in this classification, q being like k, c 
likek also before a, o, u, and like s before e, i, y. 



(1) I and r, which Seems to be a vibrated I, have received from 
almost all grammarians the same compliment as was paid, by the 
ancients, to the Furies called eumenides or gentle^ ^ind. They 
were qualified, soft, smooth, liquid,, flowing, sweet, &c., until 
Mr. Gilchrist boldly stepped forwards, and, la his usual manner, 
called them by their proper names, asserting them to be sometinies 
less musical than some sounds which, however, are not over-melo- 
dious; viz. bracing of ass, 07^ squeaking of pig ; a;2£^, he adds very 
truly, thei/ are always so difficult to the mouth, that some defective 
organs never acquire the pronunciation of them, (See Philos&phic 
Etymology, p. 44, 66.) These remarks are especially applicable to 
r. There are, at least, three ways of pronouncing it : one is a gut- 
tural vibration, called in French grasseyeinent, another is a mere 
breathing through the teeth, and the last consists in jarring the lip 
of the tongue against the roof of the mouth near the fore teeth, the 
only one considered, in France, as proper. (See TVdlker*s Pron. 
Did No. 416.) A certain French teacher thinks highly of him- 
self as he growls, en perfection, the torrent-roaring, thundering r. 

** sonat hie de nare canina 

Littera." ^ Pers, Sat. I. 

(3) The salival weak articulation is uot recommended. See the 
note, p. 143, 

(3) Though here givea, /* is not a constant mark of aspiration 
ill French. See the note p. 9. 



^#«s###^##«> 



JUNCTION OF LETTERS. 



^^#»»^»^»^ 



SINGLE INITIAL CONSONANTS 
WITH SINGLE VOWELS. 



^^^^■*^*>f-^* 



CONSONANTS GENERALLY PRONOUNCED IN FRENCH 

AS IN ENGLISH, JOINED TO SIMPLE AND 

ACCENTED LETTERS. 

ELEMENTS. 

Monosyllables to be read in any way if necessary » 

N. B. Throughout the whole book the learner is 
advised to syllabicate, that is, pronounce entire 
syllables at once, without spelling or naming the 
letters, a most dilatory and hurtful mode of reading, 
and only necessary for writing. 

a a e e e e i i y o o u u 
ba ba be be be be bi bi by bo bo bu bu 
pa pa pe pe pe pe pi pi py po po pu pii 
ma ma me me me me mi mi my mo mo mu mu 



va 


va 


ve 


ve 


ve 


ve 


VI 


VI 


vy 


vo 


vo 


vu 


vu 


fa 


fa 


fe 


fe 


fe 


fS 


fi 


fi 


fy 


fo 


fo 


fu 


fu 


da 


da 


de 


d6 


de 


de 


di 


di 


iy 


do 


d6 


du 


du 


ta 


ta 


te 


te 


te 


tg 


ti 


ti 


ty 


to 


to 


tu 


ta 


na 


na 


ne 


ne 


ne 


ne 


ni 


ni 


ny 


no 


no 


nu 


A 

nu 


za 


zd 


ze 


ze 


ze 


ze 


zi 


A 

Zl 


zy 


zo 


z6 


zu 


A 

zu 


sa 


sa 


se 


s6 


se 


A 

se 


si 


A 

SI 


sy 


so 


s6 


su 


su 


]a 


la 


le 


le 


le 


le 


li 


li 


ly 


lo 


16 


lu 


lu 


ra 


ra 


re 


re 


re 


r6 


ri 


A 

ri 


j'y 


ro 


ro 


ru 


ru 


ka 


ka 


ke 


ke 


ke 


ke 


ki 


ki 


ky 


ko 


k6 


ku 


ku 



The same mixed, 

li, ko, ve, sa^ bu, pe, tu, zi, re, do, fa, ny, be, ku, 
ro, ze, di, ta, ne, vu, bi, fe, sa, lo, vu, de, bo, ki, se, 
du, mo, le, py, na, bu, te, mi, va, ze, ri, tu, pe, fo, 
ra, me, pi, su, le, fo, by, ne, ka, zu, pi, te, va, po, 
re, lu, di, be, to, zu, fC, ly, pa, ne, ba, ni, ke, ru. 



12 

so, fyj ta, nu, ve, mo, ti, pe, da, li, ru, ky, za, me, 
bo, pu, de, zy, do, ne, bi, fa, se, vi, ro, ma, ke, lu, 
so, ze, dy, nii, re, ma, 16, zi, te, no, ka, pe, si, zo, 
fe, da, mu, ve, ty, be, fu, la, ze, vi, ko, be, ni, p6, 
fe, du, ki, se, my, re, pa, su, ve, ri, to, ke, ba, fi, 
me, vo, pu, ry, de, na, ti, se, vy, mu, le, zo, de, si, 
fu, ke, mi, no, le, ra, fi, te, vo, la, me, sy, za, ku. 



«r#«^^vr«sr^sr 



E SIMPLE MUTE. 

ELEMENTSi 

!e simple^ preceded hy' vozoeh^ is 
silent^ and renders the preceding 
vozeels tonfr. 
vie, lue, nee, rye, bue, sie, fee, pye, due, nie, kee, 
vye, mue, die, l^ee, zye, tue, nye, lee, pie, viie, lye, 
mee, zie, kue, bye, tee, mie, piie. dye, zee, fie, sue, 
mye, pee, kie, fue, sye, dee, lie, nue, fye, ree, bie, 
zue, tye, see, rie, vee, kye, rue, tie. 



SINGLE MEDLiL CONSONANTS. 

One consonant between two vowels is pronounced 
zoith the second, zohich^ if it he e simple ending the 
word, is weak^ and sometimes not counted as a syU 
table when the word is considered separately. 

Monosyllabic elements. They are intended to in- 
culcate^ at once^ the sounds ofvawels^ the pozc^er of 
accents^ the articulating of consonants^ arid thereby 
to facilitate the subsequent syllabication* The con- 
sonant before e simple must be pronounced by joining 
and separating the organs of speech with the emis- 
sioTi of the zoeak sound of q. 

a-me, i-le, e-ve, u-ne, ake, ete, ore, time, ele, ive, 
ade, ote, ype, eme, abe, uk^ ole, ize, ere, ane, oke, 
yte, ebe, ave, iite, ide, ere, dme, live, yke, are, 
epe, ube, ote, eze, ife, upe, abe, ede^ ize, ome, yre. 
Fe-te, rime, tole, lape, mere, fume, type, lobe, 



13 

zake, fyve, duve, keze, vine, take, noze, sine, 
tere, zume, fyke, dene, dake, nire, kole, tume, 
side, take, feve, yoke, vype, ruze, tede, fate, zipe, 
kode, dele, sile, tufe, mabe, fybe, mene, dote, ninie, 
nare, sefe, tuke, peve, lofe, nite, deve, kate, vyze, 
dope, muk^, lede, zime, vane, sebe, kofe, f61e, 
zure, mike, vape, teme, done, babe, lyke, zeze, 
lare, suze, vole, nize, kuve, dede, fide, daz^, 
yepe, poze, tjze, rute, mane, mipe, leze, sate, 
kune, tore, bene, zade, supe, fire, koze, tupe, 
nyfe, nere, tave, voie, mine, sede, kupe, raenie, 
tyde, kabe, rofe, pike, zele, muze, dine, seve, 
nave, nome, sipe, bale, kjre, fuze, deze, fipe, 
lane, pode, leve, dune, pyre, move, pane, rope, 
sufe, time, sake, vume, dabe, fere, tome, vike, 
fa be, tude, beve, zyfe, vome, sele, dabe, teke, 
bibe, zupe, seme, fome, vefe, rave, zire, mele, 
lote, pjze, niime, rade, sike, debe, zide, vote, 
sepe, puke, zene, vake, pine, zube, fepe, boke, 
mave, tyfe, bepe, pote, sane, lume, kile, zare, 
nefe, fike, zote, kame, dube, pype, zefe, sike, 
dane, mobe, lime, sete, zuke, bake, rede, lize, 
zore, fune, tete, zabe, mize, lome, vene, kuze, 
lave, byte, keve, bode, zufe, dete, pabe, kite, 
seke, tobe, saze, neze, lune, fite, tate, febe, 
pone, tuze, lyle, peze, bame, kole, sure, ride, 
zame, sone, zude, tefe, dile, pare, deme, kufe,^ 
borne, rype, vele, dade, pure, zike, sefe, vode^ 
pere, zite, dare, vepe, nufe, pofe, zave, fyfe, lepe, 
rope, save, bume, lire, tane, fefe, zome, dire, 
dude, nebe, vaze, bine, kote, dere, bute, mite, 
sote, labe, meve, sjve, bope, kere, byfe, date, 
puve, roze, pelve, lufe, pame, reze, sire, suke, 
tone, zyde, depe, pute, ribe, tafe, lele, voze, 
rive, kure, rale, fSne, dyfe, sare, lole, duze, kife, 
niape, mebe, zone, fire, nupe, rem.e, kale, pove, 
vure, sere, mine, bede, sure, lone, vake, fete, 
lybe, rude, bove^ tepe, nade, kime, some, syfe, 
mute, kore^ veze, mile, rame, vuze, fike, rore, 
zede, suve, nabe, pibe^, soze^ rume^ kele, dodo, 

c 



/ 



u 

nyre, fame^ defe, site, bule, dofe, mibe, lede, 
Mfe, sobe, fude, lyne, moke, kene, bive, rate, 
zeme, dule, lope, rine, feke, sude, pale, vone, 
tjke, rule, bete, vibe, lake, sjde, fofe, biide, 
iiike, rede, nare, vite, lude, tore, depe, dave, 
zize, nobe, reke, niube, bare, sode, njne, kute, 
inepe, fode, rile, piime, lene, naze, byke, r6me, 
fufe, kete, mire, rare, siile, note, mede, dite, 
kupe, vale, bebe, tyle, nove, bure, rike, lade, 
tcQie, rune, lyfe, keke, vobe, fave, bire, nuze, 
nede, sine, vabe, mote, kude, vjve, zeke, sofe, 
mule, lize, robe, bate, luze, veve, bjle, fope, 
bele, kfine, tine, dape, rele, sype, nore, dize, 
tune, laze, pife, kede, fule, none, fize, seke, 
lafe, nepe, myfe, mome, tede, nuke, zAve. dipe, 
kove, pcfe, lytne, zate, mune, vile, dcke, poke, 
tnre, pyve, bufe, beze, kibe, bade, sore, syle, 
reve, bfine, fite, kefe, vfide, byme, love, tebe, 
inime^ zube, make, nete, fife, nube, bofe, fete^ 
tit«, zale, mume, vefe, zyle, fote, deve, pdne^ 
bupe, fine, zofe, meke, kade, dive, zure, refe, 
pore, kame, bide, neme, tule, dore, size, sale, 
pyne, pete, raze, fute, tire, kerne, vove, sufe, 
dame, sibe, leve, vude, tipe, nole, pepe, fafe, 
kyve, vule, repe, zole, vime, nate, fube, vele, rize, 
pole, maze, rere, sove, sime, kube, tife, node, peve, 
rate, kyze, lume, feme, tove, rife, daze, dupe, neke, 
sive, poze, live, rete, nale, kine, tode, ruve, vere, 
pafe, seve, pile, nezje, lode, kare, tyme, nefe, dute, 
rode, mike, vave, zebe, pide, vume, rene, sife, 
zole, mane, rire, mete, zule, vore, mide, rabe, deze, 
sore, bybe, mude, bole, lepe, dale, nuve, file, pope, 
beme, suze, kake, tide, rube, zeve, bole, nibe, 
mate, vcde, kume, bine, loze, pede, rame, fuve, 
rite, feve, bone, fate, dyme, pcle, lule, role, meve, 
fibe, lale, zune, reve, tone, bive, zeze, babe, vope, 
riite, lele, ryne, nave, lute, z6pe, lore, dide, peke, 
nule, pate, rone, nete, pime, date, soke, zuve, kele, 
fidp, befe, zoke, fure, bide, zepe, tSme, dole, tike, 
jufe, lete, kype, taze, fole, mure, pene, kane, rime. 



15 

lope, vcne, zabe, dire, bete, pufe^ dome, vate, lefe, 
tize, nude, zere, pone, rjbe, baze, kuke, mite, 
mope, beke, mabe, kile, buze, lobe, dele, zine, 
m(ike, tabe, mone, nepe, diive, pjke, bobe, mare, 
zete, kire, pune, nope, mefe, vjre, pave, pule, kebe, 
pofe, mive, peze, tuve, fame, dike, fome, sube, 
tepe, late, mipe, dure, pere, kone, zine, neve, lake, 
lube, kyde, moze, veme, sute, tate, pite, z6ke, 
fone. Slide, tute, 2ize, fene, dape, dobe, pyde, 
mufe, meze, dove, kape, kike, pude, rele, zove, 
dyze, vame, rebe, ruze, tole, tive, beve, faze, pebe, 
tube, bire, sene, kate, pome, veze, pi be, fupe, doz^^ 
bame, nike, leze, more, lure, vyne, male, reke,^ 
vuve, veke, same, dite, bore, zede, dafe, vize, buke, 
noze, mele, vide, zate, rtire, febe, nife, voke, supe, 
peme, nade, tibe, duze, nele, rove, vebe, zike, rake, 
ture, teve, nipe, kome, nyve, keze, vape, fobe, 
muve, lide, kete, dime, bave, sume, rene, loke, 
nive, tume, dede, nake, mole, vipe, tere, buve, 
vaze, kime, nebe, safe, doke, bere, pube, mize, 
pake, boze, kefe, tile, mupe, fefe, fore, lape, tete, 
byne, sebe, muze, fipe, tofe, mene, nape, nume, 
dete, fize, rote, feke, late, vike, dufe, teze, noke, 
fime, seze, tufe, kjne, tele, fake, toze, luve, zife, 
fede, sope, ryve, lude, deme, kibe, fale, meme, 
yuke, dibe, sole, fepe, kare, five, zute, tene, size, 
kofe, zeve, vute, rike, pape, sene, nofe, vide, fume, 
sabe. 

JDissj/llables,-'^^ , B. TVords are sometimes di- 
vided in two lineSy but they are to be pronounced 
as if in one : 

pare, ve- 

nu, sa- 

live, pomo- 

ne. 
Ami, futifre, lavee, revu, bubale, 6pure, mon6me, 
salue, zonare, aba, defune, idee, tenure, azyme, 
talu, nivele, sinope, tari, bevue, dotee, saba, udine, 
tetu, sofa, arome, venue, bireme, ino, numa, potee, 
elite, noto, duna, velue, apyre, i-oture, dcmcle, obi^ 



16 

veturcj ida^ tulipe, obole, t^nue, mureiie^ doree^ 
lamo, syrie, abime^ revere, subite, pylore, vetue, 
subij valu, atome, remue, kimi, elude, bobo, poljbe, 
menu, pepie, modene, zani, latone, repue, batee, 
salo, fuma, revele, zama, poli, emule, savone, elu, 
zele, benite, fetee, zero, marie, lobule, pelote, 
relue, bareme, moree, olive, devote, betune, ebene, 
indThie, pyrite, volee, revue, butine, arete, pave, 
module, elie, dina, silene, fano, duree, revire, 
feru, dodine, binome, lAvure, toro, vetu, motive, 
nature, volute, eleve, salure, ete, parole, satjre, 
emu, fete, menue, demi, sene, redire, uvee, 
idole, situe, velu, sirene, navire, revole, futee, 
lira, ibibe, tenu, melote, lima, emane, parie, 
notule, poljde, pamee^ bela, epele, ana, rivee, 
taro, ninive, verone, lelie, dinee, samole, patee, ro- 
tule, faro, tenue, petite, melee, bitume, bali, ferule, 
relire, fele, mamie, sonore, epee, zara, mari, redue, 
datee, Jama, bobine, ilote, paru, boree, levure, 
enee, solo, puree, synode, rape, dorure, salive, 
dodone, suture, bari, repu, abo, petune, furie, 
pomonej etude, derive, parure, native, elue, nota, 
rapine, malo, azure, muti, denue, votive, bivie, 
pilule, api, norole, morue, retive, derobe, papa, 
iieree, pelue, delire, pavi, romule, olive, tapure, 
ravi ve, avone, maree, pature, serie, venue, retire, 
virole, napee, modere, butee, lipome, peri, ave, 
mature, salone, pipee, mura, liture, ferie, repue, 
metope, dupee, depure, solive, rebute, fetu, sara, 
retire, limure, defere, remore, muri, dodue, nabote, 
sapa, niree, felure, epi, pate, rature, danube^ 
tare, revue, bava, iilure, vidame, minute, avive. 
Trisyllables. — -Adamite, pavera, zizanie, fila- 
ture, parabole, penurie, monotone, parodie, durete 
atabale, revenu, numerie, avala, finitive, residu 
lipyrie, rebutee, mozarabe, etamure, revolee 
vomitive, polynome, uterine, lutera, malebete 
momerie, refetee, ubeda, benevole, revenue 
emilie, separa, epitome, binini, murera, papimane, 
mulilite, refutee, synodale, Revenu, epate, revera, 



IT 

emerite, vencrie, erate, butera, zenobie, depotee, 
karabe, faribole, satine, lenitive^ toleree, reyfitii, 
aniniee, patibule^ erato, detenu, melibee, azerole, 
derate, lamarie, matelote, erenee, sedative, anony- 
me, depitee, menadure, bolelite, epopee, uranie, 
relative, polybee, alibi, redore, elevure, batifole, 
loterie, nudite, tekeli, babylone, eluda, roture, 
etolie, domino, ripope, sirerie, minutee, arabie, 
parite, durera, mezeline, depute, amadote, lerida, 
rature, amomi, samara, unanime, tarote, devora, 
purete, melodie, numero, devolue, abima, depavee, 
avine, fumera, lazarite, depuree, unitive, parelie, 
surete, apozeme, lavinie, reparu, simule, iberie, 
volatile, rarete, abylene, numidie, penelope, 
devolu, abano, sibarite, retuva, batelee, utopie^ 
salete, mutine, anomio, paleta, rorifere, tapotee, 
giberie, aridure, solutive, palilie, remora, pyramide, 
obere, salarie, populo, monorime, senatule^ 
feminine, revolue, selenite, talutee, tivoli, adoree, 
piperie, azymite, denotee, tirelire, matamore, 
italie,*debora, reputee, maronite, palinure, averee, 
favorite, viperine, mirera, deratee, evalue, sevira, 
ravale, anemone, turelure, morabite, feverole, 
otera, lamine, damery, epilee, demarie, vivota, 
sabinite, diminue, referee, zibeline^ dalila, marine^ 
avanie, idumee, monopole, latitude, abyla, remere, 
siraonie, opera, batanee, malevole, totila, anerie, 
demele, tavelure, netoly, seneve, davila, samarie^ 
evitee, ratora^ lemeri, epatee, latomie, remena, 
unite, filerie, ravira, avalee, azure, podolie, 
batanome, mutilee, laponie^ amura, reputee, emeri, 
patara, batatafe, ranime, natolie, pivota, vanite, 
pilori, debutee, nominale, inedite, remelee, depara, 
metabole, vilete, palatine, demura, aminee, revetu, 
amirale, poterie, abutee, nivela, paroli, repare, 
amazone^ lutera, revolu, adire, peribole, apuree, 
panama, deveque, matinee, alumine, paremie, 
durera, federe, inodove, volerie, levera, debatee, 
revenue, favori, amarine,perinee, detenue, domina, 
latere^ avarie^ retenue, repava, etatee, reverie^ 

C a 



18 

palato, batira, cmarine, sature, lutina^ dimerie^ 
rubane, revetue, sirotee, delibere, rotira, litanie' 
raraencj virevole, atabule, lotira, debitee, domerie, 
minuta, paneree, devolu, epura, abeti^ satino^ 
devetu, medita, Kberee, deperi, avenue, satira^ 
rebatee, daterie, solitude, ptitira, etuvee, orobite^ 
sunaraite, voluta, pelotee, sjnonyme, palatale, 

Quadrisi/Uabks. — Divinite, epidemie, maturi- 
nade, pupulera, virilite, roborative, saveterie, 
raturera, utilite, anatomie, ^imulera, serenite, 
inatutinale, imitera, futilite, definitive, relatera, 
papeterie, derivative, odorera, nativite, palinodie, 
valetera, oniropole, lividite, rebutera, amarinee, 
timidity, meditative, m^ritera, rivalite, badinerie, 
anatifere, deputera, moralite, epididyme, raarinera, 
polypetale, avidite, reputera, mutinerie, soporative 




y 1 y y y y 

paneterie, azurera, rabobeline, totalite, dilatera, 
piraterie, redevenue, latinite, etuvera, patelinee, 
anomalie, dedorera, venalite, iterate, similitude, 
vol ut era. 




remunerative, unanimite, numerotera, demono- 
manie, patavinite, rabobelina. 

Hix Syllables. — Amovibilite, redelibcrera, di- 
latabilite, araatelotera, rabobelinera. 

Seven Syllables. — Inamovibilite, 



^^^s#^<^^ 



19 

A sin'gle s between two vowels is almost always 

articulated like z. 

Monosyllables, — Ase — .a^.e ; ese — ez e: ise — 
ize ; ese, use, yse, ese, ose, muse, pese, lise, vase, 
raise, ruse, rose, bise, nase, lese, dise, fuse, dose, 
tise, base, vise, pose, lese, pise, rase, sise, buse. 

Dissyllables. — Asie, visa, misere, niso, use, 
betise, alose, valise, mesure, amuse, mesore, resine, 
asyle, osee, balise, esope, peluse, sosie, rusee, 
asine, desole, musa, remise, masure, refuse, desire, 
usure, risee, alise, nivose, resume, usine, dose, 
rasure, devise, visee yesuve, tamise, rosee, 
nieduse, visite, basee, abuse, derijse, fusee, lesine, 
oluse, venise, musee, alese, visu, zosime. 

Trisyllables, — Residu, sjnerese, mesura, li- 
mosine, lisere, apolyse, damasee, episode, pesera, 
iisitee melusine, usera, isole, resuma, avise, Isi- 
dore, lesera, amesure, basanee, refusa, alese, 
rasera, positive, resolu, anemase, amasee, osera, 
potosi, abuse, visera, fuserole, lesine, remesure, 
apodose, posera, alise, etisie, casera, parasite^ 
amusee, rusera, analyse, taraise, muserole, repesa, 
desabuse, fusera, eljsee. 

Quadrisyllables, — Paronomase, inusite, erjsi- 
pele, liserera, paralysie, resumera, miserere, 
apocenose, ravisera, pisanesie, refusera, serosite, 
porosite, arisera, apomytose, divinise, refusera, 
adonise, visitera, episodie, moralise, revisera, 
latinisee, mesurera, desolative, anisotome, abusera, 
analjsee. / 

Polysyllables of Five Syllables, — Desopila- 
tive, tuberosite, remesurera, metonomasie, ani- 
mosite, fanatisera, risibilite, fabulisera, nebu- 
losite, amesurera, paranomasie, visibilite; util> 
sera, aromatisee, fusibilite. 

Six Syllables. — Folatilisera. 
Seven Syllables. — Depopularisera. 



*^^^r^^^^» 



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02 

Monosj/Hahles. — Rochej guere^ pique, mago^ 
hrive^ vice, cache^ jure, cite, moque, reche, gache^ 
fige, ruchcj thie, chome, vaque^ guise, chere^ 
jare, nice, cape, loge, curej rache, gene, fugue^ 
chipe, gane, poque, mache, fixe, hure, seche^ 
dogue, cive, phare, jobe, gine, juque, gode, cage, 
quete, niche, chale, rogue, gere, cie, luxe, paque, 
loche, jape, cule, bique, hale, vexe, chyle, cane^ 
guse, bote, sache, puce, bfiche, gage, digne poge, 
hache, geze, fique, hune, bague, chine, coche, gate, 
nuque, guipe, heche, cote, jase, lice, fache, guete, 
caJe, loque, miche, thete, rage, hole, buche, figue, 
ch€ve, caque, jupe, cyme, poclie, gabe, cene, jule, 
legue, hale, code, fiche, gele, tache, vogue, chape, 
guie, juge, quote, dace, h^re, jale, bigue, lache, came, 
toque, guepe, chute, hele, gone, dague, riche, gave, 
koge, laque, chjme, suce, hasc, nique, chote, sage, 
meche, gare, cobe, tige, hume, gipe, pagu#, gume^ 
cade, hoche, habe, chique, jote, race, chene, cave, 
hugue, thore, gale, biche, vague, sexe, gobe, cire, 
phase, jete, chite, gaze, roque, cele, vache, ligue, 
chaque, buque, rhode, ciche,page, leche, jade,gogue, 
cube, saxe, chiche, care, these, cote, lace, guide, 
cede, phoque, hare, leche, tage, chose, gigue, noce, 
gese, cime, bache, hogue, cale, peche, gase, phyle, 
chope, jaque, cone, huche, quite, nage, cherae, 
voque, gade, lige, hue, face, guede, choque, jube, 
tache, doge, cuve, chale, gite, case, peche, gule, 
taxe, hile, juche, hobe, cague, theme, chise, hate, 
rhume, begue, geole, cibe, jate. 

Dissr/llables. — Genie, fohi, ecume, curete, 
figea, ruchee, caha, lithique, ^vSque, cjnique, 
zagu, fatigue, chara, hilote, guipe, moqua, 
thorie, pecule, cjphi, vogue, la^a, galoche, ca- 
rene, cigale, ethique, canade, mecene, rhacose, 
caleche, vigie, cocyte, haha, phonique, cosaque, 
roquee, bethuse, gobie, jachere, inhibe, cuba, 
nicee, cirage, joli, relegue, luxa, citee, toxique, 
gaze, hura, cephee, exode, gala, ephese, digua. 



23 

lidtee, catoche, begu, poqua, capure, bolieme* 
corize, moluque, chopine, querele, Julie, helope, 
cornice, chiraie, cuvete, yga, cerise, gjrole, peluche, 
ceci, logea, coljbe, chenu, hala, judee, rehache, 
conique, bacule, liquide, cidare, phocene, curie, 
liavee, caraque, echu, basocbe, conie, vega, culee, 
hoho, chemage, doguine, curee, jagaque, seneque, 
Jioroche, cinele, phacite, chamade, cedule, goree, 



^.v**.«av., X.X-«VX.V. V.V.. V*V...^, ^V T V,..V., ^^,V.^, ^.^««, ^^J^^M^. 

geni, cachune, corjne, bague, canide, cuba, thesee^ 
cipure, jury, gabele, raguse, canothe, leguee, 
habile, cohjne, gomene, cadi, cote, refuge, rhenane, 
pegu, fixa, guimee, cephise, cucuje, herode, 
gavache, caro, quineque, gamase, liahe, caliche, 
loge, hero, javele, ecule, cagee,nicole5 dogua, vexe, 
chomage, regu, thalide, caboche, riga, capede, pyti- 
que, hebe, citole, phylique, colete, choqua, rhodite, 
juge, carape, locule, cythere, hecote, cupule, gagui, 
cathese, juqua, ganee, zygome, quetive, caquage, 
gy nide, chilone, cafe, hemine, gadote, faca, copi- 
que, athee, cherie, juchee, rigide, cale, chepu, 
beguine, theleme, cubique, coche, feroce, gothie, 
hara, colere, sophi, dehale, calige, bacha, cirure, 
ogire, lacure, gatine, vaqua, cochene, taquine, cha- ^ 
rue, galope, careme, vicie, gene, cyphose, hachie, 
rhinose, comite, saphene, cela, bigue, cahute, ja- 
lyse, casaque, dechue, gale, jeta, quenue, lacee, 
capade, tunique, chirome, halage, cajute, acere, 
cepole, jujube, cobite, pitho, cybele, zogone, ca- 
niche, doguee, themire, cedo, de^a, comete, gogo, 
chalaze, capide, re^ue, hysope, cephale, cinyre, ju- 
be, chitome, cumule, thebe, chili, gadele, hative, Je- 
rome, cachere, liquide, dagua, capote, godiche, ha- 
cha, camee, figure, chape, cotice, quasi, cocole, ge- 
sine, tyche, Java, cadene, phocide, thorale, macule, 
genete, carague, xenie, culave, citise, fixee, helode, 
phalene, coma, humide, rhasute, gama, oolique, ho- 
mere, vogua, curule, quito, chemine, vexa, naquete, 



24 

garite, reclme, cite, lialie, coxale^ guilee, cholose 
corise, pegase, Ijcee, capose, guipure, therese 
gabare, cytise, hjlee, camuse, lexique, carabe 
sjchee, conyze^ j^^ba, liorie, civade, pagode 
xylope, deja, baroque, gemare, jure, cupide 
mexique, chirole, gueri, cabale, methode, hale 
judele, physique, corace, harame, cophose, duche 
ixo, chiqua, guerite, bequee, rhexie, pecore 
gamache, cacique, ithaque, cepee, eloge, queri 
vecu, gatee, canine, su^a, hulee, gecote, naguere 
quina, carie, cibage, guide, hola, cohue, exige 
china, pecune, caline, age, bigua, tacite, degele 
quiqui, cesure, rhagie, gaza, hamee, cunete 
jurade, chetive, galene bethune, cyphome, charie 
genope, coca, jatee, fecule, vigo, cathare, moquee 
canope, cerithe, hamade, charnire, vague, cavale 
recise, cliicane, garigue, bajule, cive, gagea 
caquete, echine, coryse, phebe, caroche, recule 
ici, godure, hepate, curage, gago, thalie, chimcr 
gacha, araxe, cori, luxure, cohobe, Jiguee, in 
hume, sicile, gumene, jalage, haro, cilice, cura 
vichi, cynite, helose, thymique, genese, gogua 
cavee, gesate, helene, calyge, chaco, cobee 
maxime, galane, quetee, codie, baloche, guenipe 
coti, halo, cunile, jugea, cadole, hemi, cucufe 
epoque, chimique, cotee, gano, dejuche, civile 
bicoque, cati, aga, cochee, typique, gesole, cacabe 
cuvage, regule, cithare, guinee, celate, dague 
corn, harane, cuvele, cature, geolage, boxe 
cubebe, echue, cabane, picote, palene, gagate 
chiitie, caree, manoque, vagua, hecate, carine 
pacuve, gate, corine, hoca, girole, phyma, rhicose 
hali, catoque, jugere, cana, phacote, ganache 
unique, lugo, calife, hecube, comique, ciree, golile 
juda, cuci, ceruse, bagua, nagea^ cabure, havie 
gabie, coco, legua, canule, genale, lethe, cunone 
guitare, deluge, taxa, hachure, carafe, yexee 
hutine, facade, jugule, lapithe, conobe, jasa 
chafee, helice, cure, legume, quenote, agile, cenee 
capuce, divague^ jacee^ copule, quine^ magie 



25 

<*hevage, lacune, carigue, dehale, galere, sacoche, 
rhagade, bamede, calade, oxide, charade, copie> 
gelee, garade, cochere, guigua, facule, coryphe, 
bigole, chipage, hegire, curure, caduque, cigare, 
chemise, jumele, havage, calice, chenue^ agore, 
cathete, bucale, jugee, guenuche, capage, Ihora, 
cheveche, geline, jele, pholade, colure, hachee, 
piquure, civique. ., 

Trisyllables. — Philomele, ebahi, luxera, calibf^i 
lithophage, caquepire, chicotee, eriphile, derog^ , 
colobome, homerique, jacobee, 6conome, capelage, 
oxigene, catira, jugerie, cuticule, hypothese, celi- 
cole, numerique, goguelu, hebete, baguera, ue- 
gocie, carenage, huguenote, chalamide, mesocure, 
cachicane, releguee, canarij monacale, cirnolie, 
geniture, rhizelite, catochite, coryphene. ephemere^ 
camara, nubecule, cadise, hemaphobe, cabanage, 
evechej canicide, epilogue, phaceiie;, redigea, ca- 
ligo, haquenee, inhabile, galopade, sjnalephej 
coronule, catalogue, cavatine, nicomede, qualifie, 
havelee, guitarise, acidule, cucubale, apologie, 
conopee^ decora, galenique, litholabe, decelee^ 
gesira, hjpotheque^ xalapa, chapelure, cubitale* 
henotique, phytotome, Canada, comedie, vehicule, 
coridaie, homocule, jaborose, cecite, javeb'ne, 
chatel^5 cuvera, degage, cacochyrae^ habitude, 
phymosique, camisade, inhume, malaga, egohine, 
caducee, regicide, chevira, polythee, curimate, 
ineoagea, thalame, recidive, henierobe, carine, 
bucepale. cochelite, regala, carotide, thurifere, 
hypocole, coletite, cabotage, balenee, cacologue, 
xenodice, bypogee, cucuju, physopbore, locati, 
coquereJe, dela^a, colisee^ exotique, rbinolopbe, 
inocule, coriphene, equipage, junipere, herita, 
cenobie, maehuree, carata^ hepatite, xilophage, 
epitheme, genesie, quoquelu, catberese, refigea, 
cisele, desherite, carapace, jubile, gemira, phe- 
nomene, canonade, hypochyme, caracale, ecurie, 
cetacee, menagea, cabido, vivifique, canap^, 
janipa, elaguee^ cohabite, bavochure, calaba^ he- 

D 



^ 
\ 



26 

inag'og'ue, apotheme, calorique, ithypale, tanegui, 
cephelide, picota, cerigo. phalarique, epicene, 
cameline, tisiphone, colerite, philodoxe, comitive, 
quotite, cavalage, lithotome, depiquee, rhizophagej 
homicide, cubature, calotine, beguinage, cocytide, 
ecume, apatbique, colonise, homologue, jaserie, 
caljl>e, d^legua, capitule, ceramique, epithete, 
galerie, capeluche, chipotee, bigarade, cuvelage, 
heredie, jumela, basilique, capitane, virago, cucu- 
pha, lithopite, cavece, avalace, cacozele, ligature, 
acolyte, cicerole^ philophane, colydie, mjthologue, 
hebeta, colaphise, equinoxe, chevala, rizolithe, 
acheruse, gamelie, cotisee, ridicule, corone, hjda- 
tide, galega, erucague, xiphosure, methodique, 
charite, gelatine, ravagea, canoniquc, axifuge, 
lethifere, coraline, henebane, calosome, epiphyse, 
cogelo, gitera, caronade, maroquine, geneta, 
exigea, corycee, decalogue, cotula, canetee, pby- 
salide, raitigea, galathee, thorachique, cabarete, 
epitaphe, bithynie, capanee, relogea, capeline, 
apothese, cerocome, hematide, coleripe, deroge, 
ecura, generique, depeche, metaphore, galeruque, 
rebequee, decadi, calina, monocule, heretique, 
mitige, colonie, taxera, gabari, mesusage, agitee, 
desbabite, chevelu, depeija, jarete, apophyge, 
hymenode, reculee, rhuinapyre, aliquote, jugeo- 
line, philologue, cabotine, tiquete, camarade, regu- 
line, physccele, chavira, tbymelee, panegyre, Syra- 
cuse, decagea, celosie, apologue, inhibee, cenobite, 
baroco, camerine, cilica, hilarode, gemini, colo- 
iiage, recitee, ahuri, jetera, cupidone, fiducie, 
capitole, dejanire, calobate, cephalee, gigota, 
hexagone, jovilabe, axipete, baculee, japona, 
exigu, coterie, polygale, camelee, coqueline, ha- 
quebute, canonage, aliraoche, echinee, colerique, 
ganyraede, calasie, univoque, epi^a, fixite, homo- 
phage, physalie, coraco, helicite, zagara, capigi, 
sexagene, cecilie, agave, etagea, chevelee, ciselure, 
apbelie, chapela, rhizotome, cesaree, defequa, 
metatliese, cacumine; nicephore^ delegue, caque- 



27 

tagGj thucydide, jehova, caterole, humanise, x^ro- 
phage, anatheme, helepole, querela, galaxie, 
halena, cometite, acidule, panache, gelasie, he- 
matose, gehira, carise, polygene, cahotee,polixene, 
carapiche, gyrovague, cydonite, reluquee, typo- 
lithe, deshome, chaluma, gabarote, saquebute, 
culota, ciegie, dechira, coryphee, pedagogue, 
hepatique, jasera, gemine, canica, hyposome, ja- 
naca, canarie, equipee, dirigea, carabe, evacue^ 
galago, macera, capucine, cabotage, apophyse, 
colature, hexapode, xynecie, nicodenie, calicule, 
lithologue, hymenee, generale, canicule, regele^ 
paracheve, philolithe, gazifere, caracole, pecherie, 
inhuma, janicule, thoracique, cochemare, heresie, 
celidee, pacagea, echalote, ceracee, phenicure, 
cyzicene, malachite, recula, colorie, paraphone, 
cabusa, apogee, guidera, rhinolope, viguerie, 
chichete, caracore, heridele, cynamdge, epithyme, 
galilee, quinola, gamuto, rabachage, ethopee, 
canarine, homogene, quevedo, ciporeme, hilarie, 
chelinote, egara, figuree, herodote, cadela, chy- 
lifere, comite^ philosophe, jugula, coracite, hu- 
merale, coholSa, Caroline, degotee, mimologue, 
rhopatique, pedicule, cotytie, sycomore, genepi^ 
polymathe, coquina, monaco, delogea, philalethe, 
conori, ligurie,^ physetere, sebacique, jerophore, 
chicana, dechevele, jubiia, deshonore, echinitCj 
quaribe, gagerie, cotice, heritage, aphorese, cy- 
itiophane, jeremie, lachete, cynosure, tabago, 
requetee, chabasie, acephale, chevelue, camisa, 
homotele, gabatine, panacee, cigala, laconie, ja- 
cana, mathurine, baquetee, cupidique, fabago, 
juvenile, luxera, decisive, tatigua, hylotome, qui- 
vicie, chicoree, capite, apocope, coquerique, ocy^ 
pete, chopina, salicoque, reciree, gelasine, coque- 
luche, inhiba, ycoco, ceropege, hematite, jano- 
vare, polypheme, chitonee, ravigote, thyrocele, 
daruga, jacobine, picoree, calybite, caravane, 
quatele, monologue, cabara, clienevi, hypobole, 
comete^ reluqua, gynecee, acetique, epu^a^ caque- 



28 

role, vacheriej riqueraque, chevaline, honore, ca- 
nephore^ lagenite, calixene, hanebane, chalemiej 
cutane, cenotique, voguera, fugitive, xenomane, 
recelee, aga9a5 gazanie, menag^re, copahu, cajole, 
elagua, moquerie, cavido, humida, rhinobate, api- 
que, cachemire, caveta, soliloque, segovie, xjlo- 
cope, mena^a, catamite, legile, celeri, navigea, 
helenie, chonala, cicero, figuree, zetetique, ga- 
belage, chevelure, deshonete, carabine, menologe, 
goreta, catholique, hesicate, pholidote, qualite, 
catapuce, phagesie, rugina, chaveri, equivoque^ 
conifere, tithymale, carature, licita, examine, ca- 
ragate, hemophobe, gerera, juridique, carabore, 
erigea, facherie, recele, carotique, paqueta, core- 
gone, oxalique, abequa, humorale, cacalie, pe- 
rigee, phjtophage, raconi, rigola, apathie, ga- 
mahe, Jacobite, cuveju, cinefie, havira, chimerique, 
oxigone, hemodie, colophane, evoquee, camisole, 
zahorie, chiqueta, megabjze, camelote, negocie, 
relegua, cjtheree, salicite, calabure, homojtone, 
cherubique, vesicule, galera, cheminee, comephore, 
imagine, decira, jalone, fatiguee, pathetique, evohe, 
poli^a, cunolithe, liederee, rhumatique, iiomonjme, 
karata, equite, degagea, cataphore, homelie, in- 
liumee, analogue, coronale, habite, fixative, ge- 
nopa, humifuse, sjparathe, paradoxe, calamine^ 
jurera, aphonie, camusete, picote, gelinote, cone- 
pate, mjthidice, camerale, panicule, gomosie, he- 
mi tome, rhetorique, fagotee, cenotaphe, cabala, 
cephalique, carene, habitue, gabara, calamite, 
agoge, pocheta, synagogue, pholadite, jaguarete^ 
baraqua, arethuse, chatemite, recipe, sephora, 
Gotele, decurie, casemate, bequetee, galerite, ca- 
be9a, acere, helicine, curicule, thalamite, galopa, 
catechese, ataxic, cavite, jabiru, xerasie, hypo- 
phore, cucujo, chapota, inhibe, gelivure, caca- 
goghe, phytolithe, apojove. 

Quadrisyllables. — Mythologie, judicature, phi- 
losophale, guitarerie, rigidite, hesitera, deshono- 
ree, picoterie, hativete, demenageaj chenopodee. 



29 



Ijsimaclile, colonisa, humidite, episodique, jugu- 
lera, cachoterie, inhonoree, egalera, calicule, no- 
sologie, heraeralope, phytologie, civilite, corali- 
cide, epithalarae, desherita, cacophonie, galerite^ 
machurera, chimerisaj, anagogique, jalonera^ ca- 
cochymie, homicida. cephalopome, heredite^ de- 
jetera, hypophasie, canonisa, rapacite, xeropha- 
gie, cabotera^ geminative, homologua, badigeone, 
hypolepathe, cenobitique, carabinade, metapho- 
rique, philosophie, rehabitue, catoterique^ haletera, 
agenorie, deshabitee, hemerocale, chicanerie, ache- 
mine, heliconide, jolivete, cavalevie, docilite, ca- 
talotique, cynocepliale, epicerie, homologuee, ca- 
licinale, munasichite, cynorexie, habilite, care- 
barie, ricanera, academie, hypotypose, devisagea, 
exegetique, inhabite, ahanera, celotomie^ velocite, 
su^otera, hilarodie, jubilera, cajolerie, legerete, 
caricature, apalachine, jacherera, gefiicule, hypo- 
thetique, limosinage, calomerie, egalite, phane- 
roganie, caracoli, maculera, canephorie. habilete. 



gogie, caquetera, honorifique, epagomene, mega- 
lobyze, cohabita, modicite, deshabitue, ceremonie, 
legitima, ceratotome, philosophique, decapitee, 
hematurie, iphigenie, medicinale, hysomerie, 
cynegetique, epilogua, lithotomie, agilite, cada- 
momi, jabotera, ephemeride, hepatocele, gyro- 
gomite, mineralogue, inhibera, economie, opacite, 
cerafocele;, acheterie, ecavecade, cathemerine, 
pudicite, philologique, hypotade, phoronoraie, ta- 
chetera, chevalerie, civilisa, iniquite, calasyrie, 
raorigena, chicoracee, pathologie, gobetera, beca- 
tesie, guitarisa, raathematique, iegalite, inhuniera, 
categorie, maculature, odobachi, digerera, hexa- 
§J"^^5 japonera, pythagorique, veracite, canato- 
pole, deshonora, polymathie, dominicale, macaro- 
iiique, recurera, homonymie^ javelera, ataraxie, 
calamite, hypothenuse, academique, anegy raphe. 



30 

pedago^ie, desherite, iconomaque, cadelari, fero- 
cite, hemalopie, cjropedie, recusera^ metaphj- 
sique^ quasi modo, originale, chuchoterie, equi- 
pera, generative, celerite, herigoture^ catulotique^ 
jabebirete, epiphanie, hypothequa^ xenelasie, 
epiloguee, inhabitude, caledonie, municipale, co- 
lorifique, sagamite, hemimeride^ coqueiera, cecy- 
donie, canacopole, mrmologie, exiJite^ carotidale, 
panegyrique, agonothete, cacothymie, heterotome^ 
cupidone, taquinerie, hilarity, phagedemique, ame- 
iiagea, deshumanise, dechiqiieture, exoterique, 
baculera, caninana, heliconiej, codonophore, de- 
chevelee, alopecie, magasinage^ caducite, idolo- 
thyte, facilitee, cabaretique, achevera, heremi- 
tique, phitosophore, caramanie, racbetera, ceto- 
logie, liquidite, coquineriej capucinade, deshabite, 
analogique, pbenomenale, categorique, machinera^ 
hyperesie, capacite, logomachie, acorera, cata- 
phonique, varicocele, capitula, faquinerie, heme- 
ropathe, catagogie, caligula, majorite, ceratophyte, 
colorera^ philologie, elagabale, catimini, rejetera, 
huguenotique, gyneconome, lipothymie, tenacite, 
cacologie, vegetera, deshonore, pedagogique, he- 
terodoxe, bigoterie, humanite, homophagie, para- 
doxale, catheretique, degenereOj gamalogie, chu- 
chotera^ cephalopode, curucucu^ capilotade, figura- 
tive, hematocele, philomathique, jumelera, eti- 
quetee, capitalise, recurera, ezoterique, acidite, 
cagoterie, inhonore, apanagea, lacedemone, comi* 
ticule, herigote, desheritee, mythologique, came- 
rera, voracite, colocasie, heterogene, cacochylie, 
hebetera, casemate, sexagesime, physocephale, 
hyperoxide, catechisa, philosophe, corolitique, 
chevecerie, caracola, gadolimite, mucosite, sarao- 
gitie, cacbetera, hamaxobite, cohobera, carabinee, 
galericule, camelotine, cupidite, deshabita, chari- 
vari, jaretera, philotesie, melanagogue, catholisee, 
debuchera, copulative, horaophonie, inhabitee, co- 
querico, peripherie, phytolaca, sagacite, achetera, 
xilophorie, papyracee, caqueteric; hematemesc; co- 



31 

tyyphore, gerocomie, facilite, chuchetera, caco* 
pathie^ epimethee, cytherodice, medicago, halica- 
tique, caracara, chetivete, philogyniej rhodoraceej 
camelote, apopborete. 

Polysyllables of Five Syllables. — Regularite, 
cephalalogie, eqiiivoquera, etjmologique, huma- 
nisera, imaginative, mecanicite, recachetera, ela- 
phebolie, inhabilite, colonisera, benedicite, lieli- 
cosophie, dechiquetera, thjropalatine, deshumani- 
see, legalisera, apologetique, ravigotera, catholi- 
cite, cephalatomie, pacoseroca, politiquera, icono- 
logie, generosite, civilisera, hematologie, cicero- 
nise, acheminera, lagenophorie, cathechiseraj vere- 
dicite, etvmologie, deshabitera, cohabitera, ceno- 
bitophile, delicatera, ridigofani, cucuraeracee, des- 
humanisa, defigurera, hepatotoraie, inegalite, ca- 
pitulera, exagerative, capitalisee, guitarisera, phy- 
toljpolithe, hymenotomie, secularite, qualificativej 
deshonorera, felicitera, hemeralogie, ridiculite, 
colaphisera, mineralogie, paradoxologue, decolo- 
rera, mecaniquerie, generalite, heterothetique, 
parachevera, inhumanite, somatologie, canalicule, 
machicotera, elenophorie, hydatidocele, coqueri- 
quera, hepatologie, cinarocephale, pyretologie, 
regenerera, deshonetetCj modificative, capitalite, 
heterodoxie, agonisera, maroquinerie, deracinera, 
canojiicite, hypocophosie, decachetera, hexapeta- 
lee, camaraderie, depaquetera, metaphysiqiia, co- 
rycomachie, execiitera, hereticite, cynarocephale, 
deshumanise, recidivera, hymenologie, catabiba- 
zone, badigeonera, acotyledone, desheritera, ge- 
neralisee, medecinera, inhabilete. 

Sia^ Syllables. — Categorematique, decanonisera, 
eligibilite, rehabilitera, secuiarisera, originalite, 
economisera, deshumanisera, generalisera, siligi- 
nosite, regularisera, ridiculisera^ recapitulera, ca- 
maralucida. 

Seven Syllables, — Anatheraatisera, ireligibilite, 
etymologisera, physicomathematique. 



<»^v»^>»#»»# 



S2 



SEVERAL MEDIAL CONSONANTS. 

A single articulation expressed hy a double conso" 
nant^ the first of which is but seldom pronounced. 

ELEMENTS. 

Ybbe, adde, ufFe, ijje^ okke, ylle C)'> amme, 
onne, appe, uqque, irre, otte, y we, or ywe, uzze. 

C Double ss is equivalent to Sy 
esse, ysse, usse, asse, isse. < not to s, as a single s is 

(^ between two vowels. 

ebbe,edde.effe,eije,ekke,1 ^^^^^^ ^^^ consonants 
elle, enne, eppe, eqque, \ ^^^^^^ j-j^^ ^ 
erre, esse, ette, ewe, qzz^, ) 

,o\ (e followed by double mm 

^ -^ ( commonly sounds «. 

Monosyllables. — belle^ manne, susse, cette, challe, 
nette, tonne, lutte, carre, biffe^ femme, terre^ malle, 
fusse, jotte, cesse^ quitte, nappe, foUe, tusse, 
menne, fasse, gofFe, lippe, rosse, geile, patte, nulle^ 
comme, lesse^ dalle, risse, bonne, chusse, happe, 
serre, motte, fisse, datte, bulle, somme, jette, 
masse, nippe, cotte, musse, naffe^ telle, bosse, 
natte, renne, lisse, homme, vanne, butte, ferre, 
ralle, donne, mette, visse, mappe, celle, rotte, 
busse, narre^ guette, nomme, chiffe, balle, huppe, 
berre, chasse, sotte, quelle, labbe, misse, galle, 
tetie^ chomme, lusse, batte, verre, colle, bitte, 
halle, Sonne, messe, lulle, jatte, felle, botte, tasse^ 
bette, gomme, pusse, matte, selle, hotte, disse, 
jappe, molle, guerre, latte, nonne, pelle, chasse, 
hutte, cosse, barre, quenne, pomme, chatte, gobbe^ 
salle, dette, casse, gorre, hisse. 

(1) llle, iila, ill(5, ille, ille, illo, illu, will be explained hereafter. 

(^) Most words subject to this rule are adverbs ending in ment, 
a nasal sound, which will be cut off in the following exercises as 
iriegular. 




33 

jDissT/Uahles. — Messie, annone, regusse, pen- 
nage^ serree, luttasse, menippe, jaquette, figeasse, 
occupe, laquelle^ marotte, allegue, su9asse5 pattu, 
hoguette, passive, jalonne, tonnelle, quitasse, su- 
zette, lissasse, equerre, issue, vallee, requisse, 
chapelle, recemme... (i ), liguasse, quarre, sabba^ 
goguette, ossu, tonnerre, cottee, rudesse, poUuj 
linotte, hommee, sallette, ferrure, chippee, cas- 
sasse, sequelle, jappa, finesse, tissure, rogomme, 
sella, quitte, fossette, pesasse, bassine, pommettej 
arrure, varenne, tatonne, ulysse, tutelie, casasse, 
gazette, dechusse, verrine, resonne, becarre, des- 
serre, guettasse, rabbi, logette, sezanne, cellite, 
hupasse, mollisse, pinnulle, cessasse, loquette, 
mahonne, goguasse, verrure, jattee, saquette, ca- 
rosse, moselle, accube, rusasse, piquette, bussi, 
ferree, suzanne, duchesse, commise, essore, che- 
risse, rebusse, sonnette, quarrure, osasse, javelle, 
tannee, foUette, regisse, happasse, denoinme, na- 
celle, lesasse, mallette, chifFonne, ecarre, com- 
niere, daguasse, ferrette, affiche, burro, errasse, 
connue, deferre, luUi, hommage, coquette, mus- 
sasse, bellique, issu, attaque, genisse, rebelle, 
charrue, Ia9asse5 gavotte, terrure, vannasse, ga- 
ronne, bannisse, sagesse, lippee, parusse, tarisse, 
cannelle, basasse, recolle, messire, logeasse, battu, 
sylla, amonne, cassette, bossue, ferrare, katti, 
rissole, biguasse, suffire, jumelle, marrane, echoppe, 
cachette, luxasse, honnete, menotte, lessive, ba- 
guette, murisse, affame, guidonne, gabelle, affixe, 
quarrasse, nonnette, barrure, vessie, rejanne, terri, 
arroche, simarre, pellee, cocasse, tavelle, succube, 
assisse, renomme, gonesse, phidippe, annee, sot- 
tise, perrelle, lassasse, commue, raquette, patem*- 
me..., cochonne, jasasse, tibulle, dogesse, annate, 
chassie, noguette, huttasse, ridelle, batture, ve- 
tisse, connexe, passi, burette, molosse, chafFee, 
abutte, fossile, nasome, appelle, posasse, carrure, 

(1) See the note relating to emm, page 3?. 



34 

sellette, hottee^ colosse, lippu, pennade, unisse^ 
chomme, barette, valussej cafFa, libelle, hommasse, 
chaconne, tissue, vaguasse, bannette, cellule^ bassi, 
suranne, muguette, dessine, bagarre, agisse, co- 
lonne, huttasse, femelle, rassure, commire, bos- 
sette, rasasse, chattee, annulle, guerisse, serrure, 
culotte, caresse, arrirae, bossu, charrette, ffssise^ 
nageasse^jodelle, canonne, atterre, connusse^effanej 
naquette, visasse, furolle, mugisse, bassine, col- 
legue, perruque, giguasse, massore, echelle, lazzi, 
tassette, bottasse, honnisse, innove, gamelle, connu, 
rossane, bassesse, accolle, imma, garenne, subisse^ 
dosasse, mellone, emusse, gonelle, assogue, bi- 
zarre, musette, benisse, cassure, digaasse^ que- 
notte, anesse, suffise, narrasse, commune, ficelle, 
huppe, rugisse^ raollesse, fa^oniie, fusasse, bon- 
nette, eatulle, ammi, semelle, punisse, abhorre, 
jugeasse, cessite, suppute, ferrare, annette, rafolle, 
cinna, richesse, venue, asso, gemisse, commette, 
bottine, serrasse, mack^^ne, abesse, luculle, mis- 
sive, baguasse, annexe, chamarre, ecosse, que- 
relle, usasse, corinne, battue, munisse, allee, gi- 
ronne, assie, mazette, navarre, degusse, voguasse,* 
ballotte, musasse, deterre, affiche, dessolle, baratte, 
havisse, allure, cassine, bacelle, magonne, accare, 
innee, colloque, leguasse, naquisse, bassette, do- 
lemme..., facasse',pullule, assomme^palisse, hotesse, 
pelisse, immole, elusse, chamarre, philippe, bel- 
lone, gageasse, occupe, raassue, salisse. 

TrisT/Uables. — Bellozane, revassasse, apparue, 
amidonne, s6cheresse, evidemme..., luttera, repa- 
russe, colonelle, rebecca, immolee, madelonne, 
renettasse, ma^onnage, dessellee, attirasse, carre- 
lure, galevesse, cinnamome, aguerrisse, malaguette, 
annexasse, citadelle, rejetonne, bonnete* refusasse, 
annelure, hippomane, passagere, vannerie, quas- 
serette, terrassasse, pammilie, daghessee, recarrelle,! 
annotine, suppura, lacunette, canonnee, passera, 
petitesse, vicennale, eperonne^ carregeasse, effile, 
^vechesse, bellissime, caravelle, resolusse, phiirp-* 



35 

pique, attisasse, succulemme..., cliopinelte, haras- 
sasse, ciilotte, matassine, rebattu, aliegue, hippo- 
lyte, clebarrasse, izeiotte, rasserenne, detenee, 
paquerette, acculasse, bagatelle, opposite, cannele, 
delassa, tarragonne, debattue, sarrannee, rabbi- 
nique, raessagere, arrogeasse, tyrannie, camusette, 
rissolee, desolasse, laronnesse, madonna, recon- 
nusse, eollerette. . ., difFeremme, effiiiire, assoQimasse, 
bachelelte, metarrj, arrosasse, hippopode, chasse- 
resse, corrosive, etiquette, rarissime, parallaxe, 
assotee, casserole, pecheresse, effigie, dissolue, 
gallinasse, calippique, lunette, amassette, can- 
nele, gigotasse, funieterre, vagabonne, sufFoquee, 
annottasse, dissolu, cannibale, chemisette, dessos- 
sasse, parallele, eminemme.... Iiomniageasse, ra- 
battu, acconifflode, tassera, apparesse, meconnu^ 
nasonnasse, columelle, assidue, massorete, attila, 
cadettee, pelotonne, colossale, serinette, pelletee, 
efFa^asse, tannerie, opulemme..., revisasse, tisonne, 
verrerie, depassa, gutturale, bossele, echelette, 
allegeasse, sabbatine, bigotelle, arrugie, rallume, 
allezasse, effa^ure, gallonnee, ratissa, cimeterre, 
bigarre, bassissime, dessalasse, goguenette, rena- 
quisse, accollade, erronnee, sjllabiqiie, innova, 
bosselure, curatelie, pigeonna, developpe, efFare, 
apposasse, damassure, gallicane, maniquette, pan- 
nonie, foloselle, accusasse, diligemme..., parricide, 
goguelu, nullite, annuUasse, bellerie, accumule, 
cassolette, dessola, meconnusse, betterave, Philip- 
pine, dessechasse, collerette, assidu, raerelle, pa- 
tissa, cotonne, isabelle, terrassasse, meconnue, sa- 
tellite, rnisoraesse, maronne, buvotasse, canamelle, 
hippolithe, debattu, allumette, eloquemme..., sac- 
cageasse, amatisse, connive, pullula, batonnee, 
ammonite, damassasse, rabattue, badigeonne, ar- 
xiphe, cyparisse^. sommite, corrigeasse, raffine, 
bassora, amusette, rebotte, possessive, rebellasse, 
accollure, chattemite, massera, pommele, assjrie, 
recassasse, efFareCjavironne, accollasse, rasserenne, 
jarrete, lessiva, hallali, rechassasse, attele, ma- 



36 

chonna, accolure^ masselotte, ferrera, innome, sup- 
posasse, reveremme..., allumelle, carrelee, fossano, 
ennemi, dechassasse, colloquee, attitude^ gommera^ 
debotte, abucco^ affama, commine, chenevotte, 
atterrasse, barattee, cassini, apparu, diffame, ma- 
lebosse, decollete, terrinee, sonnerie, lithocolle, 
assura, cotelette^ chamarre, gazonna, associe, 
cochonnee^ ralliimasse, raccommode, charretee, 
jappera, ecnssonne, mesusasse, abattue, gibelotte, 
fa^onna, accotee^ ellebore, chemisette, amassasse^ 
gironne, commissure, deferra, garrottasse, hugue- 
notte, denattee, choppera, herissonne, menippee, 
aguerri, repesasse, columelle, dissipa, apparemme 
• .. sabbatique, attenue, occupee, dasseri, nettete, 
deguisasse, rebattue, zopissa, gigotte, pellicule, 
arreta, finassasse, pommete, ahurisse, bigarrure, 
assure, ballottasse, officie, desserra, accaree, can- 
nelure, rnameselle, irritee, attaquasse, allonyme, 
hyppelaphe, cinnamome, apparusse, tyrannique, 
odjssee, abattu, rabbinage, femmelette, rossera, 
carotte, rassasie, errata, dissimule, arrasasse, co- 
debossee, coheremme-.. 

Quadrisyllables. — Inefficace, jarretera, redebat- 
tu, delicatesse, phyllobolie, annihilasse, ma^on- 
nerie^ sollicitude, massoretique, paperassasse, 
hippodamie, necessite, querellera, hellanodique, 
dfedommageasse, rotisserie, suppurera, tyrannicide^ 
soUicitasse, pelleterie, colletera, tapisserie, appel- 
lative, coqueriquasse, finasserie^ debarrera, con- 
nexite, habilissime, fagonnerie, massivete^ decar- 
relasse, cochonnerie, refa9onna, irresolu, chatelle- 
nie, supputera, peloponnese, repullulasse, anon- 
nera, novissime, battologie, sillogisasse, honne- 
tete, patisserie, massinissa, recolligeasse, niiton- 
nerie, avocassasse, pallissera, equipolle, allego- 
rie, depossedee, rapetassasse, gammarolithe, as- 
surera, chaperonnette, developpe, caressera, mis- 
sissippi, cadenassa, sommellerie, essorera, resur- 
rexi, raccommodage, dissyllabique, recepisse, ap- 
petera, raffinerie, arrerageasse, innomine, bizar- 



37 

rerte, corroboree, badigeonnasse, commoditc, co- 
quettericj delattera, immacule, tyraiinisasse^ des- 
sicative, bufFetera, chaperonne, hippopotame, fer- 
ronnerie, passivete, equivoquasse, clrapellenie, 
dccolleteej assimila, phjlloraanie, desabusasse, 
gobelotte, verroterie, devineresse, rassotera, im- 
munite, apparessasse, annihile, recorrigeasse, affc- 
terie, capuchonne, assujettisse, muguetteraj me- 
gisserie, chenevotte^ assassinasse, correlative^ im- 
hioderee, occupera, thessalonique, redebattue, no- 
bilissime, dissimulasse, gallipoli, echappera^ litte- 
rature, desassurasse^ callosite, messagerie, rema- 
^onnee, mesarrivasse, apoUodore^ communiquee, 
appatera, suppurative, irresolue, appetissasse, sa- 
vonnerie, aflfutera, vicissitude, affinite. 

Poll/ syllables of Five Syllables. — Generalissime, 
efficacite, rapetissera, elleborine, avocasserie, rc- 
pullulera, hypothalattique, herissonnera, possibi* 
lite, communicative, mediterranee, polissonnerie, 
allegorisasse, immobilite, corroborative, accapa- 
rera^ innominati, passibilite, efFeminera, immora- 
lite, anacollemate, catholicissime, necessitera, pol- 
licipedite, rasserenera, capara^onnasse, litteralite, 
accumulera. 

Six Syllables. — Immutabilite, anathematisasse^ 
dissolubilite, amissibilite, ineffabilite, appetibilite, 
irregularite, inefficacite, irritabilite. 

Seven Syllables, — Communicabilite, irrevocabi- 
lite, inamissibilite. 

By two different Consonants. 

ELEMENTS. 

Ache, yblie, olhe, uvhe,"^ h is never articulated, as 

eghe, iphe^ {imhe, ekhe, / said above. Recollect that 

(ishe, yzhe, ^dhe, othe, >it changes the nature of c, 

r inhe, efhe, ftqiike, avhe, i and p, before every vowel, 

ijhe* J and of g before e, i, y, 

E 



esce 
osce 



38 

, > . . f c is pronounced like s before 
. asc^, ysci, nsck. iscy, \ ^ • ^^ ^ ^^^^ ^ ^ .^ .„ 

ice-isfa, usfo, asfu. | before a. o,«. 

ocke, icka, ecke, iicko, yeki, 1 • . i u r 

5 . ' * -^ ' I c IS not pronounced beiore 

acku — icque, aequo, ec- > j^ ^ ^ 

que, ycqua, ucquu, ocquy. ) ^' 

Monosyllables. — Fasce, lucque, vesce, macquc. 

Dissi/llahles. — ^^Jocko, ascete, fescelle, marisce, 
saequi, fascine, pacquire^ fiscellcj piscine, vaquette, 
ascyre, viscere, sacquage, rascette, ascite, lueko, 

Trisi/Uables. — Hjposcene, muscicape, ascidie, 
ocquisene, immis^asse, racquittee, ascetere, fasci- 
nage, onoscele, acquetasse, ressuscite, senilusce, 
phonascie, ascetique, descellee, fascicule, Jacque- 
line, fascinasse, acquittee, ascitique, immis^a, sus- 
cite, 

QuadrisT/llables. — Djscinesie, muscipula, ocqui- 
sene, episcenie, onoscelide, lascivete, acquetera. 

Five S?/llables. — Miscibilite. 

Sijc Syllables. — Inn^scibilite, rarescibilite ; 

Bt/ Three Consonants* 

Monosyllables, — Myrrhe, arrhe. 

Dissi/llables. — Pitthee, murrbine, pjrrhique. 

Trisyllables.— C\vv\i\{eve^ h^morrh^e, exerrhose, 
gonorrhee, aporrhee. 

Quadrisi/llables. — Menorrbagie, amenorrhee, ca- 
tarrhopicj arrhephorie, hemorrhagie, anarrhopie. 



^^^^^^ *^ 



TWO ARTICULATIONS EXPRESSED 

Bj/ One Consonant. 
Axe, fixee, examine, 1 x i ^ i , 



By Two Consonants 



The first is pronounced with the preceding-, aod 
ilic second with the following voweL 



39 



cd -♦-^ 












0) 



O =5 C 

C a) fi 

eft O 

cy (u « 

'2 'S ^ 0? 

^-^'^ X 



^^^ 1^^ f^4 

- c3 a 












** O ^ S OJ 



fl o P 0) 









^ 



O 



xn 



o 






.9^ 



H 






SI 

0) 



x55 

bO 
b«L 



«'« 




o 



CC- 















40 



o 

en 

H 



013 

O 



4j 



a ,0) 
d 

o 






^ oT 






CO 

.83 



O '^ 



<«6 



s 

r/i 

5^ 



a 

en 
O 



S3 

•\ 

a 

CO 

o 

a 



i 

s 
o 

o 

•:S 
o 

■73 






o 



S be 

O C3 

cT a; 

* tfr, 

% bJD 

•« CD 

5 O 

t2^ bp 

o bD 

o ;3 



IS ^ 

^ 53 

S3 
^ O 



o 
S 

a 

o 



c 

o 

be CO 



u o 



03 

a 









O) 



S3 S3 

be OP 
a? ^ 

-^ 

CO ^ 

bl) 

^^ 



O OJ ^ 

O C Ci c3 

^^ si 

S ^ § '^ .• 
-^^ .5 ^ ;^ bc 

-^3 S fl ® 

cS ^ Q 

— "*^,i^ c^ bO 

zi o ce -^ c 

05 




^ 




1 


© 


Q 


^ 










CS 


. ■« 














w 
Qi 
M 


0) 


^ 
F 


3 


•♦J 



CJ 



a; 

'a. 
o 

«S3 

O 0) 
(V) N 






7 



bD 






0^ 
N 



I 

o 



CD 



i 

xn 
a 

a; 



<4^ 



<4J 



I 



<6 






41 

Monosyllables. — Albe, liste, morte, herpe^ urne, 
pacte, dorme, reste, tarde, charge, cirque, nargue^ 
bulbe, verne, teste, silve, garde, valse, gerce, 
dicte, arque, dogme, terse, falque, piste, serve, 
kurte, bapte, orle, gerbe, chaste, mirte, halte, 
derle, orme, musque, berne, alge, morde, quelque, 
tarse, gypse, serge, calme, juste, verve, volte, 
marne, pelte, soiie, siste, ternie, laste, carde^ 
ferme, surge, haste, vergue, sorbe, raisne, ferze, 
carnie, alee, gorge, perme, capte, disque, cernep 
barbe, morme, parce, riste, derme, usne, lycte, 
arme, busque, harde, thjrse, darne, opte, cerce, 
barne, cirse, salse, verle, farde, phasque, herque, 
alte, orde, targe, casque, berge, porse, selve, 
forge, culte, cherme, arde, myste, large, orse, 
volfe, serpe, charte, borde, hypiie, berme, cacte, 
orne, valve, barse, corde, perde, masque, turbe, 
algue, hispe, verbe^ palme, surme, carte, orge, 
celte, marie, targue, galbe, morne, geste, parley 
argue, kistey harpe, veste, purge, barce, fuste, 
torde, darde, secte, morve, jusque, syrte, lerne, 
apte, corme, nesle, quarte, fkrgue, roste, turque, 
serte, barge, dipse, larde^ verge, forme, salve, 
(arte, lisrae, heme, jacte, bnrge, caste, porte, 
marge, peste, orfe, sarpe, alve, berle, cosme, 
jarte, verse, larve, char me, cesie, hurle, balse, 
morce, velte, parme, cargue, bisque, farce, golfe, 
herle, arse, porque, acte, perse, corne, largue, 
risque, terne, sarde, barque, eelse, cyrbe, nK)rse, 
gulpe, therme, aspe, docte, caique, pigme, merle^ 
kyste, orgue, barde, raelte, corse, harle, beste, 
parque, torte, herbe, alque, forte, zeste, buste, 
carne, orque, basque, perle, copte, niyrte, paste, 
verte, turme, salpe, belge,^ xyste, nerve, faste, 
morgue, garbe, teste, torque, capse, borne, ciste, 
ferle, marque, solde, perce, baste, horde, palpe, 
berce, sarve, force, jaspe, herme, pulpe, some, 
terce, carpe, giste, larme, morfe, leste, sargue, 
darse, serse, poste, orbe, perte, salme, vaste, 

e3 



. 42 , 

Jesque, torse^ parte, rusrao, herse talbe, sirle^ 
gernie^ phasriic ^^ ^ 

More difficult TVords. 

(See the Remark upon the last Element,) 

Cedre, bible, lucrc^ cobre, nefle, lagre, notre^ 
havre, cicle, hedre, sacre, capre, vibre, cbable, 
Dcgre, ivre, rafle, agre, patre, zocle, vepre, cible, 
sabre, bugle, fifre, jagre, cabre, rifle, betre, givre, 
noble, bagre, l^vre, mufle, vdtre, libre, ocle, 
cadre, guebre, atre, gible, phagre, cafre, titre, 
regie, tigre, fable, navre, rable, lepre, sicle, 
Sere, dogre, vivre, nable, guetre, sagre, cipre, 
macre, citre, hable, robre, bafre, table, chevre, 
livre, notre, sigle, betre, cadre, nafre, quatre, 
mitre, sobre, cable, redre, hj^dre, pagre, votre, 
cidre, labre, reble, afre, nitre, safre, bigle, fevre, 
gabre, sable, apre, racle, metre, sucre, chytre, 
nacre, vitre, chable, sevre, litre, quadre, socle, 
acre, cycle, regre, havre, ladre, made, retre, 
savre, bade, fibre, zebre, jable, ogre, cabre, 
sidre. 

Dissyllables. — Panurge, obverse, abri, nervure, 
purisme, ger^asse, volterre, herbue, peccable, 
cerbere, soluble, matilde, sarcasme, rablu, solipse, 
Tetorse, occise, muscule, observe, pycnite, sar- 
zane, funeste, tetraste, revivre, cornue, vulselle, 
massacre, galupse, lisbonne, exerce, sophocle, 
musquee, oxalme, reprunne, eiiigme, largue, su- 
f;asse, pustule, noblesse, apagnie, quatorze, sys- 
teme, purgeasse, tudesque, capture, socrate, vertu, 
peptique, algebre, charnue, palerme, tanagre, 
maldive, abrupte, redorte, escache, pigmee, forga, 
luzerne, egjpte, vitre, alipte, reglure, octobre, 
turgine, mosquee, virgile, omagre, reserve, sar- 
celte, gorgone, buccite, ulcere, tolture, discorde, 
reghre, targuasse^ zircone^ rablue, obseque, colza, 



43 

ecorce, hjbride, versenne, corvee^ sulplce, orfevrej 
varlope, cyclade, hostie, digeste, ibdare, vitruve, 
iiiahenie, necrose, survivre, raclure, calabre, zulme, 
systole, titrcj kalmie, murmure, cargue, testa, 
superbe, nyctee, fervemrae..., etrusque, largesse, 
catharse, risdale, bordure, palatre, inoresque, 
alfane, ostie, lariiiette, torture, acnide, quadrasse, 
sesto, or^a, palmjre, adverbe, subjugue, vesta, 
exedre, laburne, rodrigue, enorme, pygargue, 
thersite, cornu, ryptique, bergere, escorte, cal- 
quee, sirli, neptune, litharge, ubitre, permesse, 
jaspine, ardure, thisbe, majorque, cyclisque, sal- 
petre, exacte, recolte, persee, mufti, ordure, tap- 
sie, maltote, belulque, masnage, mutisme, lu- 
cerne, detracte, porcie, facture, vertige, objecte, 
niaflu, rosatre, epitre, sulmone, morsure, exarque, 
girofle, circule, parqua, sy stile, alburne, ellipse, 
turlure, (ormose, alegre, survie, morgue, berlue, 
multiple, agra, sophisme, nerva, tigre, hercule, 
optique, sagda, volvoce, aduste, minerve, far- 
9asse, patrie, beberge, verdure, cascade, mol- 
lusque, guerpie, cinnabre, saturne, accisme, bus- 
quasse, reforme, delivre, octaple, ablue, misma, 
sursisse, inepte, lecture, erasme, vaccine, cer- 
velle, malagme, tortu, forgeasse, luUiste, adverse, 
posture, salmi, karmesse, peltaste, geste, dispute, 
cohorte, sophiste, thermale, percu, tosta, corbule, 
talitre, farcesque, decuple, carcasse, liermite, 
bii^orne, mordue, dactyle, suggeste, hersasse, ^o- 
plame, gorgee, calcule, mornifle, ortonne, di- 
vulgue, exalte, perpetre, sylvie, hiverne, armure, 
fetfa, legiste, hipnale, reclure, alerte, musurgue, 
optasse, despume, gargote, dipsade, elytre, fortune, 
accepte, synagre, magisme, salve, cornue, espace, 
attitre, caserne, per^usse, accipe, sectile, albatre, 
pistole, circe, affuble, thomisme, balzane, li- 
vresque, nocturne, captive, barquctte, marticle, 
astuce, soracte, marquise, tetrable, adresse, charnu, 
sinople, juriste, gonargue, etrenne, virgule, mag- 
ma, phenigme, personne, tigresse, reflue, chapitre, 



44 

cusco, perverse, nystagrae, lugubre, tolpache, 
esquisse, calcade, discerne, carbure, accorte^ hel- 
ve! le, mylabre, etna, formule, eclose, gagiste, 
for^age, tyrtee, adulte, minorque^ saligre, affirme, 
vulcelle, recta, eglegme, capsule, septique, al- 
berge, divorce, accede, palmiste, ardue, gar^onne, 
justesse, charpie, percee, ranatre, adolfe, rupture, 
algarbe, wiiscible, exorde, barbue, malverse^ 
hexaple, quadra, affuste, captee, belitre, escarney 
vulturne, harcele, ectjpe, subduple, orsasse, 
turcie, culbute, aeerbe, bizegle, escadre, decrusse^ 
alpiste, versade, catharme, tersine, epurge, dc- 
crete, kildare,. egiste, coprosme, ictere, lidnaecj, 
fustasse, sub&ide, decrue, exergue, suceede, alidre, 
inalacre, usurpe, harmoste, vertebre, erafle, sul- 
fure, litorne, sargasse, puriste, niarqua, desserve, 
vislule, ©patre, esquine, cartelle, bosra, recrue, 
niartyre,^ argee, xjtique, risqua, ortie, nialbeste, 
panufle, disperse, deharde, hydrie, cyclope, sa- 
lubre^ pharsale, abruse, artiste,, syllepse, ab- 
surde,^ defroque, basalte, renifle, burlesque, ric- 
cie, perdue, falme^ absyrte, liorloge,^ deplusse, 
adeple, dih4dre, eclorre, m©rmyre, tordue, es- 
pcce, risqna, Rierciy culture, agreste, deeharne^ 
eglise, furfure, custode, syrma, malherbe, oc- 
tuple, connifle, algarve, jaspee, bascule, occisse, 
asti, pactole, celeste, usiiee, parjure, bulliste, 
cherte, adopte, parterre, katqui, cyclique, oc- 
cuite, difforme, tliapsie, fabregue,perfasge, eclipse, 
charnure, aggee, ergo, lestee> eynisnie, persegue, 
gustave, arbuste,. rea^orque, ©fferte, bumalde, 
disciple, zirarme, tumulte, buglose, hydaspe, al- 
terne, marcote^ obvie, harpeste, salluste, gercee, 
escorne, sertule, cadavre, article, iiiercure, vul- 
pine, actee, sorbonne, alurne, hypetre, celsie, 
execre, degiue, salabre, argyre, delta, inasquee, 
robuste, accise^ derraeste, arbitre, porzane, ex- 
cepte, retorque, ardemme. . ., ecluse, chevrelte, 
sylvane, apnee, chiiaiste,. aclaste, tortue, apotre, 
visnage, commerce, burgeage, myrosme, chasuble^ 



45 



^5 



asperge, colmaj bosnie, licorne, malpague, argue 
cothurne, fersa, abdere, tetraple, calpe, occire, 
eglogue, recluse, active, gerbo, ornicle, bergasse, 
dictee, sjrtale, ecru, calibre, hidalgue, altesse, 
copta, amorce, rosmare, tartufte, agyrte, dur- 
bekke, chargeasse, cornifle, surdatre, altere, buc^ 
cine, galifule, talcite, ehrharte. 

Trisyllables, — Dogmatique, percerette, 6cartee, 
celsitude, respectable, horometre, epicycle, de* 
torquee, niloscope, regorgeasse, olfative, synec- 
doche, apodipne, fermeture, remercie, metastase, 
sacristine, cistophore, apper9usse, laconisme, qui- 
proquo, lactifere, epactale, targumiste, detestee, 
hebdoniade, paradignie, agregeasse, pittoresque, 
subsequemme,.., adoptee, terroriste, agrippeniie, 
'sacerdoce, chirurgique, ossifrague, aprete, sus- 
ceptible, defFubla, verjute, vastitude, rapsodie, 
eclatasse, chagrine, rabbiniste, observasse, basta- 
reche, pesterie, vulsonade, kyphonisme, aposturne, 
cynosargue, niulatresse, barcelone, atticisme, de- 
sespere, cadrature, mirliflore, annaliste, surna- 
geasse, siccite, canneberge, eraflure, cicatrice, 
delivra, alegresse, urbaniste, metaplasme, epi- 
giotte, sulfurique, dorlotee, escogriffe, vulnerable, 
accoramettre, liturgiste, deresta, salvatelle, innas- 
cible, venuste, ecrasasse, tetrastique, kilometre, 
ecloppa, asterisme, molluccelle, adjuree, porsenna, 
tartarie, phonometre, barbacane, aposteme, mer- 
cerie, oxycedre, marquisasse, cystitome, purpu- 
rine, disparusse, cathartique, esquissasse, disco- 
bole, nilometre, humaniste, segregeasse, festonne, 
multivalve, arsacide, jasmel6e, horlogere, defro- 
qua, taciturne, essartee, obelisque, tetrametre, 
accipe, admirable, meprisee, justifie, exilasse, de»- 
postee, gasconisme, laxiflore, attribue, dechar- 
geasse, septidi, barbaresque, absolu, pulsative, 
udrometre, delestasse, artemise, tetracorde, espa- 
tulc, decagramme, albatrosse, hemistiche, chapi- 
tree, turcopole, arbitrasse, nepotisme, epiderme, 
hypoglosse, turbine, varsovie, tardigrade, raicipsa, 



46 

formuliste, survecu, nyctalope, agrostie, parfu- 
niee^ adoptive, hjdro^raphe, anapeste, lethargie^ 
gesticule, organiste, effor^asse, polydecte, harmo- 
nie, decrotte, arquebuse, sellisterne, d^tergeasse, 
salveline, uni forme, hallebarde, magistere, bulbi- 
forme, symmetrique, apper9u, patendtre, galvar- 
dine, reverbere, aptitude, receptacle, niatrologue, 
algebriste, parvenu, microstome, bergamasque, 
objective, turbulemme..., carcassone, berlurette, 
r6trecisse, corpusculc, decistere, agathyrse, ho- 
roscope, cclebrasse, cucurbite, escajolle, adaptee, 
tusculane, logogriphe, ecorcasse, disceptee, bala- 
fra, publiciste, deflegme, vertigo, talmudique, escu- 
lape, fascolome, thesmotethe, ladre^^ie, soldatesque, 
harponnee, perceptible, cisjurane, vaccinique, 
macrocosme, aruspice, curvature, ministere, serpe-* 
geasse, multiflore, lormerie, anecdote, chastete, 
aphorisme, subrecargue, escortee, vorticelle, phar- 
macie, aspirasse, thermometre, barbarisme, acrete^ 
detrichage, herminette, pulmonie, espagasse, ar- 
gemone, vetuste, herboriste, accostable, nocti- 
luqne, hesperie, microscope, abritee, recalcitre, 
echardonne, submergeasse, alarmiste, marmotee, 
hectometre, opsomane, anevrisme, recriblasse, dic- 
tature, apepsie, saxifrage, revolte, septiforme, 
germanisme, polyglotte, artolatre, lucaniste, es- 
carpe, suggeree, disparu, optative, calculasse, 
obverse, simulacre, acrocorde, laiinisme, volti- 
geasse, adaptee, multiplie, garniture, monoptere, 
barnabite, univalve, surnomme, hyrcanie, alber- 
gume, forpassasse, afFublee, immersive, destitue, 
eclissasse, soldanelie, unicorne, labbadiste, hyper- 
bole, arpegeasse, symmetric, astarbe, megametre, 
sucrera, paralipse, disputasse, epluchec, negrerie, 
lacrjmale, sospello, metacisrae, degorgea, iras- 
cible, paracelse, forgeta, salvadore, borborygme, 
rebrassee, demasquasse, subvenu, exometre, ana- 
gramme, majordome, optimiste, exergasse, de- 
portee, thermoscope, macrostiche, ecarta, tele- 
scope, almageste, systaltique, kackerlake, aparte^ 



47 

deharnache, metaclsmej camaldule, exostose, noc- 
turlarbe, hypsipjle, submergee^ resoluble, liarpo- 
crate, redelivre, parapegme, accorne, hydroglosse:^ 
excellemme..., njycterisme, cornemuse, suceinique, 
adjective, deplumee, detraquasse, amethyste, to-' 
luptc, hermogene, circassie, tachygraphe, affecte, 
survemu, myrmecie, decametre, ecriture, podesta, 
argyrite, surdite, ecbatane, chirurgie, latercule, 
egrisee, reciproque, perceptive, asmodee, cata- 
falque, liellenisme, citronne, finistere, haltera, 
labdacide, effectue, disposee, photometre, equi- 
libre, subrogea, roraanesque, machiniste, capri- 
corne, vinometre, harcele, purgative, exalta, re- 
gardure, borborisrae, attitrasse, jargonelle, humo, 
riste, devastee, acceptable, septimetre, lithurgie 
certitude, aspergea, diplolepe, oculiste, faculte, 
eptagone, sucrerie, depressasse, metrometre, al- 
gebrique, rectograde, defructu, bastonnade, sopho- 
niste, retiforme, escopete, culbutasse, moscovie, 
calderone, adultere, octomage, cornachine, emar- 
gea, cherconee, acrostiche, cervicale, vestibule, 
aniortisse, subalterne, aristarque, sarmatie, re- 
perdu, excepte, offusquasse, lethargique, albicore, 
fustibule, sistera, bulgarie, turpitude, vergettasse, 
cateciiisme, tardiflore, uberte, rechargeasse, ber- 
gerie, accelere, vertebrale, cisalpine, microscome, 
altinietre, fenetrage^ rigorisme, simagree, alarina, 
ornithope, ecliptique, bulbocode, harmophane, 
abrutisse, coccinellee, agrimiste, coprophage, ca- 
thariste, tumultue, apportee, diversasse, fatalisrne, 
liypermetre, melpomene, sacristie, algatrane, ga- 
zoraetre, loxocosme, marcassite, testacelle, recti- 
tude, reprisasse, corruptive, calypso, alterable, 
ecbarpee, inicrologue, cataclysme, turbinelle, sur- 
mena, acrolithe, rajustee, anastase, formaliste, 
solbature, colportasse, figurisme, pertinemme..., 
suspectee, cardamome, corruptible, cathedrale, 
utricule, mastiquee, asservi, bergamote, adju- 
geasse, sassesbc, hypnotique, damasquette, respire, 
pospolite, algarade, lacrymule, urticee, sorboniste, 



48 

flibregea, charbonne^ vesperie, permutassej f5ub- 
delegue, retordue, restera, fabuliste, disputee^ 
surtaxasse, hydrocele, caprimulgue, subjective, 
virginale, espahne, turquerie, debusquasse^ attes- 
tee, cyclostome, petalisme, agrippasse, dissoluble, 
xenoclee, sortira, corderie, subsistasse, holoferne, 
fanatieme, apostume, fabriquee, egorgeasse, nar- 
cissite, heptametrc, tablature, colibri, bannissable, 
chevrotee, survenue, vulcanisme, pjrometre, im- 
mortelle, depla^asse, retorquee^, molybdique, im- 
modeste, execrable, pycnostjle, multitude, sur* 
vivra, rabbinisme, fermete, reforgea, submersible, 
cynoglosse, defective, hydrogene, ajustage, sul- 
fure, orithye, colpocele, persistasse, hexametre, 
minuscule, apostee, gasconade, buraliste, meli- 
certe, sucrera, repliquee, exorciste, febrifuge, hy- 
drometre, destinee, calvinisme, refrisasse, tergi- 
verse, affermee, comestible, solfatare, rectorale, 
atmometre, talraudiste, calfatee, durcira, vitrerie, 
actinote, tetrapaste, hermathcne, revulsive, d6- 
pravasse, restitue, exorcisme, octogone, baston- 
able, hypocrite, escarcelle, successive, ob\^nu, 
sursolide, arabesque, madrenague, cafrerie, ver- 
nissure, cosmographe, albanie, decastere, ripos- 
tasse, hyspurite, bergerotte, respecte, dedurcisse, 
gesticule, cysticerque, abrogeasse, paroxisme, 
chardonnette, ratisbonne, amygdale, isopsephe, | 
falsifie, dupliquee, obligeasse, elliptique, musca- 
delle, dodecuple, osmazone, repartisse, testacee, 
commesture, terrorisme, baliscorne, ergote, pittos- 
pore, accipitre, obreptice, reper^asse, micrometre, 
moldavie, curvite, attaquable, etuviste, metalepse, 
cartahu, termini, debarqua, alterne, leptopsaphe, 
gallicisme, affectasse, particule, activee, cate- 
chiste, gobergea, vorticule, hippocrene, collec- 
tive, folalrasse, liberte, ergotisme, estafette, ser- 
ropalpe, corbegeo, assistee, cataracte, myrmecite, 
sepulture, neptunale, lismatisme, ecreme, ditri- 
glyphe, catastase, monocorde, polycreste, eclec- 
tique, permutee, adarca> galactite, catapasme^ 



49 

sjubjuguc, dermatode, barbarie, perpetue, «irnio»- 
neste^ negligea, divertisse, baroscope, charbonnee, 
malpighie, succursale, dulcifie, eclope, retra^asse^ 
astferisque, bartavelle, podoin^tre, aristote, cili- 
cisme, retractasse, arcalu, discursive, baccifere, 
heptapole, rajustasse, virginie, barnabote, torto- 
rele, amalgame, vitrescible, xylocarpe, turbinite, 
almugee, palpita, lucimdtre, hybristique, melas*^ 
tome, baltadgi, pathetisme, matricule, alytarque, 
caractere, pitrepite, massaerasse, effrenee, garga- 
risme, hyppodrome, pestera, regaliste, ternissure, 
occira, pactisasse, moljbd^ne, subnormale, sina- 
pisme, lustucru, hebergeasse, oxypetre, subver- 
sive, 6perdue, cataplasrae, lechefrite, suggere, 
6barbure, tersera, pycnotique, vaccinable, giroflee, 
obtenu, mordestasse, djnastie, themistocle, ^til* 
mine, pastenague, copronygme, remorquasse, hir- 
sute, arretiste, torturee, eternue, calcinasse, batar- 
dise, mauimiforme, jargonna, catapulte, opsonome, 
p6ristyle, charsete, ^grugeasse, decretiste, cultivee, 
microphone, decalqua, atrophie, cephalocle, ob'- 
lige, Sumatra, discipline, Jiygroscope, replatree, 
eclipsasse, paganisme, buibipare, ezteri, alcal*,' 
ftubreptice, carcinome, vernisse, negiigemme..*, 
assortisse, servira^ takidrome, agelaste, modestie, 
dulcinee, ragraffasse, alkaline, serrasalme, hydra- 
gogue, remarqua, despotisme, anaspase^ sarcos- 
torae, harpera, etrurie, despume, abrupto, pycno- 
^one, marguerite, obtenue, defrisee, adjugeasse, 
rapsodiste, eptacorde, versera, exigible, moles tee, 
accipasse, phyllostome, reflexive, abjurasse, curti- 
cone, hectogramme, solecisme, absolue, falbahij 
exercice, microcosme, ajastee, quadrisulce, salsifi, 
araerturae, fenetra, erethisme, barbastelle, malo- 
tru, amyclee, tetradragme, ecbolique, safrana, vul* 
canie, escarpe, servitude, jardinage, apocryphe, 
barbelote, abrege, permesside, escadrome, tccti- 
penne, abdiquasse, herbivore, kakerlaque, opti- 
misme, tarnabuste, divulgue, alisma, reversi, li- 
miUophB, opuscule, canapsa, hemoptique, esso- 
in 



50 

mfetre, chastete^ biscornu, armorist^, divergeasse3 
virevolte, majuscule, uniflorej amor^asse, syllo- 
gisinc, harmotome, evertue, mustafa^ ernestine, 
Miajeste, ulceias^e, seitissure, aslani^ dynametre, 
barbola^ poIvcnem<^5 cagotisme, thyrsiflore, repla*- 
^asse, ecsarcome, maiiometrej afFective, carpo- 
phage, agrippa. 

Quadrisyllables. — Eledorale, torticoli, dogma^ 
tisasse, viscosite, episcaphiej manufacture, etre- 
xira, gasteropode, nominatisme, difSculte, redres- 
J^ei a, aratriformO, epinyctide, hysteroptose, pater^ 
nisasse, discipline, sorcellerie, emarghiule, surdo*- 
Tera, cystirrhagie, verticite, cosmogr^phique, cer- 
copitheque, degrossira, paralleiisme, epiplerose, 
suggerera, metallnrgique, resist^ra, verbosity, hy*. 
pocrisie, estomaquasse, horographie, acatalecte, 
Gharcutera, exhortative, captivitci, digcernera, elar- 
gisyure, cosniogonie, revetberasse, hypeirsarcose^ 
Jiaturalisme, accipera, tergemine, eoiigmatique, 
«ardanapale, decrepite, exS^ctitude, Icgislatrice, 
lapportera, ekstosteme, docimastique, arquebu- 
^ade. paradoxisme, aciniforme, exceptera, topo* 
graph ique, heptomagene, eternisasse, sideroclepte, 
oxiregmie, hypsiloglosse, paraphoniste, esquiverii^ 
maternite, inadmissible, departageasse, energu- 
mene, huguenotisme, asperile, usurpera, cordon* 
nerie, demarquisee, monoculiste, report^ra, ani* 
inalcule, hostilite, cataglotisme, targovisco, ico- 
jiolatre, belitrerie, yirgulera, adversite, musulma- 
iiisnie, martyrera, loxodromique, animocorde, hy- 
tiroparaste, metallurgie, detractoia, tardivete, 
acesmeresse, cosmographie, exorcisasse, desordon- 
1)6, cathedratique, postuleva, acratophore, facul- 
tative, cataractasse, paternite, carcapuli, regret- 
tera, acceleree, catarrhectique, inaccostable, car- 
dinalisme, dysmenorrhee, re.'ipectera, reniflerie, 
calculifrage, exulceree, dcsistera, panegirisme, 
snbtilitc, domestiquasse, tachygraphie, recolteraj 
idolcitree, apocalypse, horoscopasse, factorerie, 
i^cartelure, calatrava, duplicite, parallactique, epa- 



51 

nalepse, Iminectera, immareessiblej d^ecliv ile, f>c^ 
trar<f«isasse^ aponevrose, pai^logisiiie, disculpera, 
soi^didite, doctorerie, succedera, inalacordeiue, de- 
sergata, monoplijsisme, arboradure, hjpnobatase, 
alternative, desar^onna&sej aristenete, galvanos- 
cope, superficie^ reservera, salubrite, ecusson- 
iiable, moseaceline, agripnocome^ deplissera, ca- 
theterisme, simiiltanee, heterodrome, turlupinade, 
astirnonie, cicatricule, avortera, caracterisme, 
adulteree, cordylocarpe, desmologie, activite, gy^ 
iiecocrate, ascalonite, decrepitude, revoltera, mjs- 
ticite, runographie^ articuja, elytrocele^ comum-* 
naliste, pharmacopee, damasquinurc?^ irreductibl?,, 
fertilisasse, alrocite^ mythoiogi^tey surpassera, 
hjpospathisme^ solenostome, epileptique, aristo- 
phane, vesperise^ abernetj^ hurluberlu,, subver- 
tira^ eccathartique, dupUcataj oecipitale, hjdro- 
pisie^ arlequinade, origenisme, i^crottera, dehar- 
Bachee, n^jctalopie, coquesigruej argotera^ federa- 
lisme, perversite, turlupinasse^ atmidometre^ le- 
gislative, repartira^ vaseuliformej metailurgiste^ 
deterniinee^ aristocrate^ hydrostatique, ijjet^ro- 
seope, recrutera, immatriculej oscophoriej arbale- 
tasse, hyperostoses corpuscuUste, formalite, sup- 
portera, Salisbury, verniicule, demastiquasse* arus- 
picine, dynamornetre, Tnalversera, lithographies 
herborise, aceedei^a, galactyrrhee, patronyniique, 
arrestographe, curutzeti, obliquite, murmurera, 
rabdologie, deereditee, supercargo, naturaliste, 
periclitasse, verbalise, loxodromie, enervera, mor- 
dacite, putrefactive, epiplocele, degasconna, ce- 
lebrite, heteroclite, refletera, polygraphie, ane* 
mocorde, evaltonna, subdeleguee, alterative, xy- 
lorgano, decrassera, cafarderie, biscupide, parlo- 
risasse, abricote, capitaliste, desservira, sessili- 
flore, molinosisme, retrogradasse, facsimile, syllo** 
gistique, parquetera, acersocome, vocabuliste, in- 
acceptable, parcimonie, fertilite, adniirera, hypo- 
glottite, posterite, anagramasse, tortieule, micro- 
graphie, arborera^ corrupticole, taUsmauique, irre*' 






52 

soluble, cbarlatana, fQlatrerie, publicity, algarro- 
bale, rarefactive, surjetera, damasquine, hemop- 
tysie, disciplinable, galimafree, catholicisme, exe- 
crera, hydrargjrose, selenostate, c61^rigrad^, 
echarijete, analogisme, carpobalsame, egagropyle, 
discutera, accelere, cacotrophie, argjrocome, po- 
lypharmaque, inaccessible, fulminera, philoso- 
phiste, bergeronette, escarpina, regratterie, pissi- 
pesquee, iconoclaste, turlutera, pithagorisme, sub- 
ordonnee, dolabriforme, analeptique, exhortera, 
seminoviste, galactophore, hypocatharse, immo- 
destie. declavera, alcalig^ne, pyroboliste, salisub- 
^ule, apoplexie, harmonica, tnalassometre, aples- 
tera, eccoprotique, subterranee, postiquerie, ob- 
jectera, macaronisme, keratoplate, cepbalalgie, co- 
lorimetre, subtilisasse, difformite, hysterolithe, 
inirmecophage, delectera, argyropee, rebarbative, 
misericorde, desesperade, carnosite, petricberie, 
avertira, cerastosteme, paracelsiste, occipito, hy- 
percatharse, irresistible, marqu^tera, anadiplose, 
geloscopie, digitigrade, hed^riforme, epispastique, 
captivera, adversative, rusticity, gargarisasse, for- 
cenerie, defalquera, ornithopode, puritanisme, ad- 
miromane, socratise, exultera, necrographie, r6* 
publicole, episcopale, luth^ranisme, enormite, 
dissertera, martyrologe, apoplectique, calibrera, 
pers6cutee, typographiste, aspidophore, materni- 
sasse, sarcologie, abcedera, systematique, dispa- 
rite, alcallsasse, hermenigilde, debrutira, escar- 
polette, subsecutive, urbanite, desobligeasse, acar- 
jianie, marestera, anatocisme, leptocephale, adml- 
nicule, vaccinera, thalassarquie, escaladasse, sub- 
Tirgule, charlatanisrae, vernissera, harmonometre, 
lifErmative, demarquera, hydrographique, absur- 
dite, altimetrie, pulverisee, anastomose, disper* 
sera, epicurisme, pharmacopole, anacatharse, ido- 
latrie, departira, albugin6, tubuliforme, mahome- 
tisme, cicatrisasse, ornitholithe, saxifragee, mes- 
quinerie, acceptera, seminariste, marmitonna, apos- 
tasie, pestiferee, abdenago^ manifestasse, philo^o- 



53 

phisme, mortalite, pervertira^ charcuterie, decu* 

Elera, adulteresse^ tetragonisme, everdume, tere- 
ratule, epilepsie, pasquinisasse, diversitc, apana- 
giste, depetrera, mjstiquerie, ecornifle, agTiculture, 
bavarderie, decrepita^ ductilite, papelardise, amal- 
gamasse, zjmosimetre, leproserie^ inesestima, ecer- 
vele, federaliste, acharnera, succedanee, elytrop- 
tfise, tartufFeiie, refottera, lithotomiste, galaclo- 
metrej byperbibasme, adressera, marqueterie, eter- 
nite. 

Five Si/Uables. — Uranographie, corporalite, tar- 
tarisera, etheloproxenej caracteristique, inarticule^ 
cystomerocele, adjudicative, oxicratera, elasticitCj 
lipogrammatique, innaccomodable, escopeterie, re- 
calcitrera, elaterometre, dulcificative, reciprocite, 
bjdrosarcocele, anastomotique, desajustera, ebe- 
nisterie, heptapelalee, manufacture, accelerera, 
cicatrisative, perseverera, analhematisme, epiphj^- 
losperme, repercutera, acataleptique, personiialite, 
teratoscopie, organisera, exulcerative, degrappi- 
nera, taciturnite, alexipharmaque, apocalyptique, 
inartyrisera, lepidosarcome, epigrammatiste, caver- 
nosite, supercatholique, anastomosasse, metopos- 
copie, solvabilite, pistolettera, aristocratique, ba- 
rometrographe, inalbumine, dactylonomie, oppor- 
tunite, tarabustera, epicerastique, icterocephale, 
particularisme, acinaciforme, epistolographe, cj- 
necocratique, persecutera, domesticite, apollina- 
riste, formalisera, onirocritique, verticalite, de- 
brutalisasse, liydropericarde, sophistiquerie, desar- 
borera, selenographique, sacriticature, desorgani- 
sasse, anagrammatisme, multiplicite, participera, 
sinallagmatique, caracterisasse, etymologiste, hy- 
V grocirsocele, peregrinite, desassortira, ecorniflerie, 
immatricule, cardinalisasse, ornithologiste, unifor- 
inite, charlatanerie, isoperimetre, everdumera, 
oniroscopie, despoticite, apostuniera, goguenar- 
derie, episcopisasse, universaliste, subject! vete, 
accelerative, articulera, chasnatarbassi, immorta- 

F 3 



54 

lltcj adnionetera, hydrocirsocele^ arquebuseiie^ le^ 
guminiforme, eloterometre. 

Sia? Si/llables. — Peregrinomanie, corruptibilite^ 
manufacturera, liypercatalectique, metagraboli- 
sasse, reflexibilite, alectorophomene, immortali- 
sera, particularite, anagrammatisasse, cystobubo- 
nocele, inhospitalite, decardinalisa, hypocrateri- 
forme, penetrabilite, hysterotomocie, universalite, 
anemometographej epiplomerocelej numismatogra- 
phie, macrophysoceplialej hysterocystocele. 

Seven Sj/llab/es. — Aristodemocratique, irreforma- 
bilite, particularisera, irresistibilite^ hysterotomo- 
tocie, inaccessibilile^ univerBalisera, appercepti- 
bilit^(i). 



Bj/ Three Consonants. 



ELEMENTS AS ABOVE. 

eddne, uggbe, ykkme, ellpe, oppte, arrne, issde, uttce, 
yzzke. — abble, iccle, opple, eggle, uddle. — yttre, efFre, 
okkre, iippre. — ubsce, atsce, epsce, yfsce, ogsce, 
ilsce, adsce, ecsce, ursce, yvsce, aksce. — ufs^a, ebs9o, 
yrsfu, ats^a, ulsfo, avs^u, yps^o, edsfa, ocsj u, igsf o, 
cks^u. — aphne, ilphe, urphe, ephse. — othse, upthe, 
ythme, althe^. — phre,uphle, aphre, yphle. — othle, 6thre, 
ithle, uthre. — yrche, otche, elche, afche, upche, idche, 
ebche. 



uchne, ychfe, achte, echme, ( ch are pronounced like 
ocbge, ichse — ichre, ochle, < k before a conso- 
achre, echle. (^ nant. 



(1) gn will be explained hereafter. 



55 

Monosi/llaMes.'^Buffie^ zaphre^ serche, laclinee, 
coftre, malthe, lettre, sjlphe, torche, berthe, afFre, 
cherche, naphte, chiffle, battre, syrphe, dorche, 
rhithrae, cerche, safFre, inettre, siffle, aphte, berche, 
chifFie, orphe^ beffle, silphe, ochre, marche, delphe, 
riffle, porche, arche, offre, perche, rjthme, cophte^ 
sarche, pifFre, velche. 

DissT/llables. — Porphjre, surcharge, omettre, 
abscisse, porchere, aphtarte, diphryge, accru, 
morphee, ethnarque, colchique, adolphe, ochna, 
letchi, apprete, lychnobe, cherche, adrachiie, py- 
rethre, suroffre, mochlique, athlete, phosphore, 
remettre, arithme, lucophre, obscene, barathre, 
bothnie, elaphre, archure, muphti, permettre, mil- 
phose, ethnique, siffla, narthece, accroche, lacli- 
nee, ^gisthe, posthume, Ijchnide, orphee, tlaphne^ 
accrusse, dideJphe, ecorche, yphtime, buchiiere^ 
mesoffre, asphalte, technique, elatclie, phosphure, 
morochte, apprise, marcaphte, colchide, alpha, sorg- 
ho, rjthmique, astolphe, sithnide, afflue, corethre, 
opprobre, lychnite, althee, buttnere, amorphe, 
cochlithe, disthene, galifFre, bosphore, menechme, 
aphracte, daphnie, hjdrachne, archicre, cophtique. 

Trisyllables. — ^^Demosthene, affligea, tonalchile, 
deproniettre, arthanite, alchimique, hemisphere, 
apprecie, persiflage, anarchique, ecthjmose, eth- 
narchie, catachrese, porcherie, erjthreme, meta- 
phrase, asphaltite, archinoble, herecherche, loga-*. 
rithnie, attribue, orthographe, catorchite, rattra- 
passe, epiphragme, athletique, appretee, monar- 
chiste, atmosphere, orthodoxe, cataphracte, phos- 
phorique, uranochre, appliqua, caliisthene, timor- 
phite, amalthee, lichnophore, elfritasse, hoplo- 
chrisme, architrave, afflictive, samothrace, artho- 
Jithe, ecorchure, ammochryse, daphnephage, och- 
roiithe, architrone. bathracite, attristee, isochriste, 
jugurtha, ecclatisme, archeveque, asphixie, sup- 
pressure, attractive, befflera, orpheline, archi- 
niede, paraphraste, erythrone, apphitisse, de» 
phlegrae, afFrichasse, anarchistC; delphinale, aph- 



56 

ronitre^ hypophle, architecte, cincthmique, efHo- 
tasse, silphjrie, memarchure, isoclirone, asphalite, 
metaphraste, acbroniquej surcharg^asse, archi- 
voltej Ijbethride, telesphore, supplicie, ecthymatej 
arcbipretre, parthenie, efFrenee^ odalchi, dechif- 
frable, algoritbme, erjthree, velcherie, monar- 
cbique, applicable, arcbiviste, borysthene, hypo- 
sphagme, aracbnide, approprie, periphrase, ethno- 
pbrone, toparcbique, aggravasse, nephralgie, or- 
thostade, beptarcbie, lettrise, apbrodite, recber- 
cbable, bydracbnette, alcbimie, pbiladelpbe. 

Quadrisyllables. — Recbercbera, alpbesibee, 6ry« 
throsperme, bartbelemi, arcbiducbe, litbomorpbite, 
oligocbrone, icbno^rapbiquej rattrapera, dapb* 
nepborie, obscenite, cirsopbtalmie, polytecbniquCj 
arcbibigote, ortbodoxie, dechiffrera, paracbro^ 
nisme, archevecbe, cystbepblogie, metamorpbose, 
supercbeiie, ornithotbropbe, peripbrasasse, baJo- 
tecbnie, epitrocblee, oligarchique, moi^ochroniate, 
djsesthesie, catapbracta, pyrotecbnie, opistbo- 
graphe, bartbelemite, arcbiclucbesse, icbtyperie, 
porpbyrisasse, aritbmetique, affretera, metacbro- 
nisme, arcbipelague, ecorcheriej tecbnologie, ag- 
gravera, cystbepatique, lychnosomate, eccortba- 
tique, ortbograpbie, archipretree, pbilotecbnique^ 
oppressera, ichnograpbie, achromatique, paraphra- 
sasse, approbative, lithopbospbore, acropostbie, 
holosucbne, pytbrometrique, opistbodome. cacos- 
phixie, ecbmalotarque, zjmotecbnie. 

Fixe Syllables, — liiortbodoxie, archimonastere, 
nepbroplegmatique, desattristera^ agglutinative, 
partbenologie, metamorpbosassej uranomorpbite, 
eccrinologie, accreditera, parcheminerie, depblo- 
gistique, cystopblegmatique, opistbocyphose, alec- 
tbologie, erytbrocepbale, bitipbronisie^ mesologa- 
ritbme, oriiitbothropbie, nepbroplctborique, 

iSix 'Sy//«i/ci'.— -Logarithmotcchnie. 



57 

By Four Consonants. 

ELEMENTS AS ABOVE. 

Opptte, ellsce — yrrsga, UCCS9O5 aggs^u— ettphe, 
ikkthe, uddche — aphsse, ythbbe — ochnne — uthsce, 
iphsce — achsce — ephs^o, jths9a — ochscu— ethrre, 
athlle^ iphrre, ophlle — uchrre, echlie — othphe^ 
ithche, uphthe, aphche^ — jchthe, ochphe. 

DissyUables^-^lchihyie. 

Trisyllables. — Apophthegmejerechthcej monoph- 
thalme, apophthore, podophthalme. 

Quadrisylkihles , — exophthalmie, lagophthalmie, 
xerophthalmie, hygrophthalmique. 

Five Syllables. — Echinophthalmie, aphthartodo- 
cete, ophthalmoscopie. 

THREE ARTICULATIONS EXPRESSED 

By Two Consonants. 

Monosyllables. — Sixtej, texte, mixte, sexte. 

Dissllables-^Texiure^ externe^ dixmude, ex^ 
torque, sextuple, excarne, textile, expulse, ca- 
lixte, expie, bissexte, excuse, morxi. 

Trisyllables — Sextidi, extorqu#e, expirasse, 
helxine, extatique, excusable, sexteree, expedie, 
exfume, extirpasse, exposee, excdrie, extispice^ 
expatrie, expulsasse, excusee, exteiiue, exfolie,- 
extasie, expertisme. 

Quadrisyllables. — Exportera, extispicine, inex- 
cusable, expectative, dexterite, excomunie, inex'» 
tirpable, expeditivc, exfumera. 

Five Syllables. — Extermineraj d^sexcomunie, 
expectorera, exterminative. 



58 



jBj/ Three Consonants. 



MonosT/llahles. — Mystre^ saixle^ mordre^ fertre, 
mactre, lustre, arbre, philtre, mulcte, tartre, 
cercle, marbre, tordre, sistre, dartre, muscle, 
ardre, filtre, raestre, astre, rustre, chartre, ordre, 
niartre, cistre, lastre, peltre, inaldre. 

Dissyllables — Desblee, rostrale, arctique, de- 
mordre, tortrice, gertrude, calyplre, forskale, pa- 
lestre, solstice, astree, sostrate, reperdre, ectliese, 
poltronne, sinistre, colastre, percluse, esclame, 
malgre, lustrine, sjlvestre, disgrace, retordre, 
surprise, burgrave, tlieristre, alpestre, sarclee, 
escrime, equestre, octrise, pilastre, nienestre, se- 
pulcre, canistre, obstacle, detordre, filtree, cer- 
clage, pedestre, suscrlre, cadastre, alcmene, rec« 
trice, balustre, esclache, doctrhie, castro, pinastre, 
sequestre, forclorre, estrique, ultra, disbrode, re- 
gistre, lustrale, electre, dorstene, esclave, mar- 
bre, obscure, perplexe, dispnee, tectrice, belgrade, 
parclose, ecstase, rainistre, sarclure, liinestre, des^ 
ordre, bartsie, relustre, mactrisme, absterge, des- 
astre, arcture, capistre, margrave, istrie, cercle, 
aplustre, enarbi^e, remordre, u&trine, abstene, lec- 
trise, polastre, semestre, rapistre, forskole, as- 
prede, celastre. 

Trisyllables. — Superflue, descriptive, marbrera, 
l^virostre, electrique, vaguemestre, gastromithe, 
estrivasse, restrictive, astropole, palestrique, ob- 
clave, vergla^asse, ostracite, cultrirostre, fene- 
gtrelle, abstersive, gastriloque, escroquasse, ca- 
tastrophe, raphanistre, obscurasse, eetrolique, as- 
trolabe, palestrine, surglagasse, terpsicore, hys- 
tricite, estraquelle, verglace, administre, epi- 
strophe, distribue, uroprestre, asclepie, balustra* >,^ 
lustrative, arctitude, escrimasse, conirostre, ca- 
toptrique, amestrasse, rustrerie, hypermnestre, 
gastrolatre, destructive, astrologue, albrena, re- 
cercle, estrapasse, mercredi, abstergeasse, per^ 



59 

S|)ective5 astronome, fenestree, lustrera, ostracisme^ 
l-atirostre, registrasse^ calamistre, apostrophe^ pi- 
pistrelle, digastrique, hjperstene^ astragale, by- 
percrise, armilustre, substitue, actricisme, escla- 
vage, bostrjchite, esprite arctolide, gastrocele, 
doctrinale, abstenu^ neskre, erostrate^ bergforelle, 
anastrophe, raicrogastre, disbrodure^ lastrico. 

Quadrisj/ilables .^-^MagisiY'dture^ astrologique, 
obscurite, ministrerie, electrophore, alabastrite^ 
estrapadasse, hypercritique, arclopitheque^ relus- 
trera, postpositive, gastronomie, erasistrate, electri- 
cisme, policastro, poltronnerie, eclectrisable, epi- 
gastrique, calamistra, astrologie, electroscope, ob- 
stipite, hjpogastriqiie, obstinerajgastroraphie, epa- 
nastrophe, redistribue^ ostracodernie, escroquerie, 
sequestrera, pyrotartrite, eiectrisee, astronomique, 
postliminie, perplexite, esclavonie, obscurcira, 
epostracisine, distributive, electronietre, astraga- 
lisme, exstipule, postdatera, ophthalrnoxjstre. 

Five Si/llab/es. — Administrative, bypogastrocele, 
estramagonnasse, perspicacite, administrera, elec- 
tricite, epigastrocele. 

Six Sj/ltnbles. — Astrocynbiogie, destructibilite^ 
hepaticogastrique. 

Bi/ Four Co7isonQnls. 

Dissyllables. — Alechtre, hydarthre, arthrite, lox- 
arthre, ischnote, ecttilipse, hydrarthre, esphlase. 

Trisyllables. — Synarthrose, sepulchrale, arthro- 
die, ecphractiqiie, hemocerchne, arthropnose, ar- 
thritique, osphroneme, enarthrose, arthrocace, 
exarthr€rae, izeschne, exarthrose. 

Quadrisyllables, — Epanorthrose, artlirodynie^ 
pedarthrocace, ischnophonie, arthronalgie, 

i 

FOUR ARTICULATIONS EXPRESSED 

By Three Consonants, 
^lonosyllabks. — Dextre. 



60 

J5mj///a&/e5.—- Explique, exclure, adextre^ ex- 
trSme, exclame, excluse. 

Trisyllables, — Extrayague^ explorasse, exprl- 
mee, expletive^ expressive, explicite, explicable. 

QuadrisT/Uables, — Extremite, explicative, ex- 
travase, exclamative, inexprimable, exprimitivej 
iextrapassasee. 

Five S7/l[able9. — Extravaguera. 

J5y Four Consotiatits : 

DissT/llables. — Ohstrue. 
Trisj/llables. — Abstractive, obstructive. 
QuadrisT/llables.'^tj^gersiromey superstructure, 
defeobstructive. 



<#^r*^^^#•^sr 



FINAL CONSONANTS 

Precseded by Single Vowels. 



SINGLE CONSONANTS. 

INARTICULATED CONSONANTS, 

t, h, z, s, and r (after e), are the oftenest inarticulaied, 

ELEMENTS. 

C dit, bat, ffit, pot, rat, mit, tot, but, vit, 
jat, ^t, it, ot, ut, < chat, piit, lot, rit, chut, rot, miit, 

(^ sut, git, mot, put, t^t, 

ah, ih, oh, «h, I ^^'^^^*;j^Jj^*'' SiV **'''''' ^*' ^^'^' 

az, iz, oz, uz,f"^'"^^^' .*o^' *"^' P^^' ^^' *«^' 
' I phoz, giz, xaz. 

as. es. fes. is. os. y ^«f ' ^^h ^'P <^"f' •^'^»' f^' J"«' «^S' 

las, pis, tus, des, ras, dos, sus, mis^ 

bas, nos, ris, nus, lee^ 



ks, es, fes, is, OS, 3 
us. I 



61 



€r ^»/ I T, ^ > cher, fer, mer, ver. 

, I y . 7 77 7 J C aller, dessiner, reaenerer, 

sound I e in polysyllables. < ' ,. o ° 

(^ i ^ ^ ^ naturaliser, <x:c. 



et sound h 



( met, jet, net, cet, tet, guet, 
^••••^••••••J ret, zet, quet, pliet, xet, 

{ thet. 

€h sound eande.^......\ ^^'^' ^^^^ ^l^\ 'f' ^^^^^ 

I gueh, xeh, plieh. 



€Z sound e 



dez, chez, lez, rez, guez, 
phez, vez, thez, gez, quez. 



sound e in mono- 
syllables. 



les, mes, des, ces, tes, ses, 
res, §ues, pes, ves, nes, kes, 
fes, quesj bes, xes, ges, 

^ Z€S. : 

J sound like e €i;ea^ ^ dames, peres, ruses, piles, 
] nfter n consonuntX notes, anes, tubes, gezes, 
preceded by a vowel, \ rives^ 

are, in general, (j ties, lues, nees, niues, ries, 
silent after a vowel, \ fees^ tues, vies, rues. 

Reitiariv : t, z, s, and r, are pronounced, if foliowed 
by e, as before: at-ate, iz-ize, os-ose, er f^J-ere. 

Dissi/llables. — Helas, cerises, pernaet, sarmateSj 
iTiasquez, alleges, recit, disputes, fumerj bergeres, 
hirpies, surpasses, regret, marmottes, relis, di« 
verses, soldat, guerites, connus, ecrases, bigot, 
deplutes, genez, appat, chuchottes, Hurler, va- 
cberes, delit, purgeates, nichees, bosquet, vecutes, 
dispos, largesses, perchez, niurat, rbodites, ab* 



(1) The nectarean R is drred up in "nearly all polysyllables end- 
iu^ with evy both in conversation and prose-writinos, even before 
words beginning with a vowel ; but, in tills case, it must always 
be uttered in'poetry. We cannot help expressing our sorrow tot 
this loss ^^bich, in verbs, occasions mucli equivocation. 



62 

sees, pegases, salut, pyrites, voguez, thibet, mi* 
nutes, jolis, bugloses, risquer, ulceres, callot, re- 
bates, chargeas, dfeguises, cachet, giguates, cassez, 
delies, postposes, jurat, visites, osez, perdus, 
^parses, chiquet, barbotes, ixiordues, aleses, fixez, 
lilas, borgheses, belez, jabot, nageates, cirer, pu- 
beres, acut, lunettes, rubis, ecluses, sorbet, re- 
putes, rusez, vertus, abcisses, cuver, galeres, col- 
zat, sornettes, jurer, differes, thomas, esquisses, 
iioguet, limites, gager, porcheres, surpris, be- 
casses, musquez, parut, gargotes, verrues, cypres, 
exposes, morguer, visceres, marot, forgeates, pesez, 
accrus, meprises, gueret, refutes, colas, adverses, 
liguer, jacheres, turlut, admettes, quadrez, esprit, 
carotes, recr^es, ducat, suscites, jasez, zeros, de- 
chusses, mirer, severes, cocbet, discutes, assez, 
decris, ceruses, arbrot, surjettes, nicher, maceres, 
debit, liguates, casez, bachas, dogesses, forjet, 
thersites, perclus, retorses, luxez, orgeat, cul- 
butes, rester, cerberes, turbot, baguettes, gachis, 
surfasses, albret, culottes, reglez, ramas, jocrisses, 
per^ut, forjettes, mefies, daguer, alteres, gigot, 
marmites, tortues, cytises, raclez, muguet, pirates, 
bafrer, nagucres, rescrit, permutes, format, ca- 
chetes, gercez, surplis, bethuses, carnees, sifflet, 
quenottes, piquer, megeres, vdcut, ber^ates, exces, 
betises, chabot, lapithes, cofFrer, miscres, puffet, 
supputes, taxez, topazes, acquit, calottes, judas, 
geiiisses, minez, afFut, logeates, agrees, rever, 
coleres, objet, permutes, exquis, evases, devot, 
appretes, moquer, posteres, muscat, lichnites, ger^ 
mez, jesus, parcloses, discret, su^*otes, ferrer, ju- 
geres, rebut, hesites, sarclez, fatras, accises, suppot, 
ieguates, surplus, carrosses, usez, rosat, chuehetes, 
denys, decrasses, achmet, recrutes, gober, iberes, 
re^ut, chicotes, fermez, verglas, repeses, ar- 
got, gorgeates, quarrer, digeres, surjet, ergotes, 
suscris, richesses, targuat, bufletes, nager, 
archeres, abstrus, naquisses, appret, jugeates, 
forclos, ecbasses, vexez, connut, maltOtes, post* 



63 

trlt^ marquetes, goguer^ arteres, figez, eclat, vo- 
lutes, orphees, gibet, vulgates, sursis, arrases, 
pirot, digirates, torchez, accrut, capotes, expr^s, 
assi:^es, bornez, gageat, tonnites, durer, chimeres, 
uscet, talutes, deecs, excluses, verrat, hoplitesj, 
legiiez, issues, gerer, reveres, logis, karmesses. 

Trisf/llabfes.'-'PevYoquet^ hippolithes, revolus, 
aplioreses, syllaber, degeneres, chevelues, azurez, 
pugilat, massoretes, colorts, hypostases, ruininez, 
lethargies, matelot, democrates, subsister, desa- 
grees, jardinet, masselottes, submerger, decasteres, 
cervelas, politesses, acabit, chopinettes, supprimer, 
numeros, arquebuses, subrogees, relustrez, quilbo- 
qiiet, isocrates, disculper, ministeres, hosannah, sub- 
venus, apoljses, exposez, pammilies, magistrat, her* 
minettes, virguler, fumeterres, abricot, hyperbates^ 
mastiquez, chenevis, subjuguasses, reforge^s, attri* 
but, disparates, eplucher, roriferes, anarchies, 
barocos, tergiverses, escroquez, orgeolet, myrme- 
eites, respirez, absolues, galetas, ceremisses, suc- 
ceder^ paciferes, manuscrit, persecutes, esquiver, 
helloties, lustucrus, metaphrases, vulcanies, visi« 
l^t, cassolettes, subjuguer, messageres, bajazet, 
harpocrates, revetues, salsifis, cyuoglosses, egru- 
gez, disparut, acrobates, ragrafFer, adulteres, ^]ba 
guees, quiproquos, hypotheses, surnommez, hu«f 
guenot, explicites, digerez, mitigees, superflus, 
afflijgeasses, detracter, exulceres, decrepit, eros- 
trates^jdefroquez, arrugies, hypoGrtts, chasseressesj^ 
absorber, cimeterres, galaxies, ^charguet, appa« 
rutes, persistez, josapbat, desergotes, aggraver, 
menageres, evoquees, hahalis, secheresses, excu- 
sez, apparut, epithetes, pigeonner, remuneres, vi- 
vares, paraphrases, rechercher, hemispheres, mir- 
lirot, ostracites, elaguez, megabyzes, dechargeas^ 
apper^usses, exhalez, quolibet, disparutes, tortu-* 
rer, chylifcres, apathies, pof)ulos, divulguaSv^^es, 
accusez, erudit, mithridates, expuUer, biscoraus, 
exostoses, menagees, usurpez, paradis, negligeasses, 
exprimer^ cabesterresj abigeat, cucurbites^ alle- 



guer, vituperes, tabagies^ surmulet, argyrites, ac-^ 
cedez, taffetas, metatheses, exsuder, lactifereSj 
meconnut, cheraisetteSj obtenues, reluquez, java- 
rJs, catastases, asclepies, escargot, serinettes, pal- 
piter, recuperes, cuvejus, malebosses, agreger, 
thuriferes, assidues, resultat, epiglottes, divul- 
guer, inortiferes, dominos, batardises, exereez, re- 
tordues, barbuquet, hypocrites, fa9onnery atmo- 
spheres, gabarit, izelottes, accrocher, davisies, ab- 
stenus, pythonisses, surdorer, acceleres, baraquees, 
machicot, hystricites, releguez, mercredis, dispa- 
russes, fatiguees, tajebut, aliquotes, harnacher, 
epigies, nicolas, cornemuses, annullez, archelet, 
rizolithes, excepter, redeferre&, appetit, olivettes, 
debusquez, goguelus, pecheresse&, abeeder, pali- 
lies, marquisat, huguenottes, pactiser, avenues, 
reversisj pareneses, exigez, subrecot, ecarlates, 
registrer, obvenues, viragos, submergeasses, dero- 
bez, substitut, estafettes, hebergees, extorquer, 
redeterres, saccageas, apophyses, chagrinez, ma- 
homet, apper9utes, petechies, racquitter, horlo- 
geres, residus, abstergeasses^ mastiquez, alleguees, 
escarbit, gelinotes, exfunier, monasteres, oxycrat, 
hyspurites, recusez, apper^ues, chalassis, mula- 
tresses, surpasser, caracteres, jodelet, survecutes, 
ebrecherj perseveres, malotrus, periphrases, di- 
vergez, monarchies, yvetot, narcissitesj jargonnez, 
arrachis, hypoglosses, surtaxer, adineres, apper- 
9ut, pherecrales, fabriquez, sabrenas, analyses, 
sequestrer, ureteres, debarquees, ricochet, exe- 
cutes, exccdez, panaris, desabuses, attrister^ deli- 
bcres, cachalot, polymathes, offusquer, desalteres, 
phagesies, doctorat, escopetes, amusez, survenus, 
apotheses, 6clipser, regeneres, suscrivit, case- 
males, circuler, aristeres, pacalies, marjolet, di- 
iiocrates, observez, suffoquees, aspergeas, forte- 
resses, susciter, matroveres, haricot, bergerettes, 
reparues, jubilez, sextidis, epitases, abdiquer, re- 
desserres, ferragut, hippocrates, saccagees, sup- 
pureij lethifcres^ abuccos, hypercrises, paraphezj 



65 

jacaret, bathracite, allechez, exigus, synereses, 
buphonies, verglacer, decisteres, rectorat, etU 
quettes, abattues, canaris, allegfiiasses, suggerer, 
passage reRj^ javelot, resolutes^ chicanez, canevas, 
renaquisses, surcharger, ephestries^ pervertit, 
anecdotes, recrachez, fabagos, evechesses, masso- 
rah, halbrener, magisteres, alphabet, saqnebutes, 
aurvidez, liturgies, quoquelus, epiphyses, pulluler^ 
desesperes, releguees, archerot, typolithes, allezez, 
eeptidis, arethuses, opprimer, bacciferes/ dissolues, 
nacarat, axipetes, expliquez, devetus, ecrevisses^ 
extirpez, abregees, retrecit, aromates, dejucher," 
reverberes, algedos, egrugeasses, pupulez, hilaries^ 
cochonnet, azymites, rattraper, raonopteres, egor- 
geas, catachreses, resrstez, melilot, femmelettes, 
eperdues, cochevis, epicrases, fatiguez, suryecut, 
iphicrates, retorquees, calculez, adjugeas, arte- 
inises, cultiver, ephemeres. 

Quadris?/llabl€s.—D6dommvigesiS, immortalises, 
philosopher, calcarifere^, dogmatisez, madrigalet, 
homologuer, resiniferes, porphyrisez, torticolis, 
paronomases, estrapader, soporiferes, repetriras, 
metamorphoses, electorat, lycoperdites, raccom- 
modez, megalobyzes, hypothequer, velociferes, 
irresolus^ devineresses, accelerer, cephalalgies, 
cbardonneret, barthelcmites, colaphisez, subdele- 
guas, anastomoses, deharnacher, perenopteres, ti- 
tulisez, abatardit. dep^rtageas, papelardises, ac- 
caparer, scminiferes, coquelicot, ari5tocrates,.des- 
honorez, canonicat, heteroclites, deposseder, mi- 
thologie&, martyrisez, carcapullis, epipleroses, 
admi^istrer, hymenopteres,. pathologies, equilbo- 
quet, amal^cites, pasquinisez, generalat, agono- 
thetes, recuperer, heteropteres, reeidivez, rede- 
battus,. personnalises, desajiistez, retrograder, ana- 
tiferes, assujettit, monochromates, politiquez, 
recorrigeas, delicatesses, exheredez, colifichet, 
archibigotes, apostrophez^ raquedenazes, ma- 
ravedis, dechiquetasses, estomaquer, pedago- 
gies, executez, assassinat, metrargyrites^ coque- 

G 3 



\ 



66 

lucher, lepidopteres, aguerriras, epanortliroisegj 
dfesassortit, subtilisez, desaccorderj redeliberes, 
curucucus, archiduchesses, communiquees, esta- 
minet, ascalonites^ desobligez, recalcitrer, pory- 
drosteres, extravaguas, popularises, redepecbez, 
apoltronnit, erasistrates, epiloguer, sudoriferes, 
calamistrez, episcopal, hypoglottites, superceder, 
pirnelepteres, devisageas, aponevroses, hemor- 
rhagies. 

Five St/llahles.—Deshum'Amser^ bennehemimeres, 
nobilissimat, microlepidotes, nialacostracees, ex-^ 
termineras, anathematises, catheciimenat, pollici- 
pediles. 

Six Sj/llables, — Depopularisees, anagrammati- 
sasses. 

Seven Si/llabks. — Decardinaliseras. 

ARTICULATED CONSONANTS. 

b, p, f, V, k, q, c, g, j, i,%Y (after ^, i, o, u), andx^ 
preceded by a single vowel, are generally pronounced 
as before e weak : ab — abe, Sfc. 

ELEMENTS.^ 

Ab, ib, ob, ub — ap, ip, op, up— af^ if, of, uf — ^ad, id^. 
od, ud — al, il, ol, ul- — ar, ir (i), or, ur — -ak, ik, ok, uk — * 
aq, iq, oq, uq— aj, ij, oj, uj. 

. . ^ ( c and o final are jruttu- 

ac, le, oc, uc — as:, 12:, osr, u«j. s 1 • ii jl * 

^ ' ' »'&'&' o ^ i-al ; c IS like k. 



ax, ix, ox, iix« • • • • . • . • .a: final resembles ks. 

), ep, ef, ev, ek, eq, ec, eg, ) 
ej, ed, el, ex. 3 



eb, ep, ef, ev, ek, eq. ec, egc, ) e sounds t before a final 

consonant. 



(1) Great-Lama-Castom is now eating the ambrosian R out 
of words in ir, to digest wit into theBrunets — science, reason, and 
importance into grammarians. Let us, bowever, endeavour, with 
iin impious hand, to snatch the half .gnawed aliment from his 
mouth, inviting our countrymen, the incroyables, to turn incredu- 
lous of the thought-fettering, self-kiHing and generating, most 
prostitute and harkquinical of all false deities. (See and medi- 



67 

MonosiyUables. —Mdil^ due, sep, gir, choc, nul> 
par^ nil, zeb^ molj ric, tuf, cap, sol, bee, gad^ 
vil, siir, pic, tel, raf, hoc, mil, sec, for, jap, toe, 
bel, zig, pliul, sac, rob, bar, cil, mur, chef, val, 
tic, char, pol, vif, lac, pur, sel, roc, cid, var, dol, 
luc, fi], bac, mur, tic, pal, job, sil, tac, vol, dur, 
gap, soc, nef, bal, vie, cor, sud, pec, bol, hac^ 
quel, zag, bil, choq, car^ bek^ fol, sur^ fie, cal, 
lof, dax, juc, col. 

Dissi/llables, — Dormir^ pastel, micmac, retif, 
essor, alep, vassal, martyr, gibel, talmud, calcar,^ 
onyx, baizac, calcul, lascif, gaspar, urgel, maroc, 
exil, thorax, quebec, revel, honnir, fustal, alfred, 
butor, datif, missel, abdar, caleb, sortir, ajax, 
cheval, seror, visif, abel, cornac, tortil, Jacob, 
ducal, perir, lunel, defroc, liatif, canal, futur, 
egip, babel, sevir, penal, caduc, morfil, tabor, 
cilix, rural, lamed, guerir, ussel, phenix, echec, 
bannal, rugir, ormel, ephod, verbal, tollir, salep^ 
bazar, chacril, medoc, natrix, fanal, ophir, licol, re- 
bec, tomar, captif, bissac, nestor, rival, durcirjadad, 
mere], fakir, total, escroc, felix, appel, rasar, 
civil, avec, recif, pascal, hector, subtil, jared^ 
narval, querir, mechef, castor, lustral, aspic, 
Cesar, degel, bogud, issir, metal, orbec, larix^ 
bulgar, rachel, factif, azur, local, palir, oreb, 
menil, timar, becnel, natif, borax, vernir, captal^ 
public, medor, genap, bannir, accul, tarif, costar, 
martel, patac, catir, mogol, anax, viril, nectar^ 
motif, cassel, estor, final, desir, amed, ressif, agar^ 
formel, cherir, natal, erec, passif, radar, anil, 
pollux, venal, gemir, bosel, lescar, abib, cheptal, 
venir, girac, esquif, cacrel, namur, partil, colmar, as- 

tate, with a free mind, Mr. Gilchrist's Reason the true Arbiter of 
Language, Custom a Tyrant ; the Labyrinth deu7oli>^hed. Philoso- 
phic Etymology, or Rational Grammar j and the Rev. Dr. Crombie's 
Cursory Observations, in reply to the Strictures of the Rev. Mr. 
Gilchrist.) Jfthe learner wishes to follow Ratio-Custimi, lethini,^ 
in the effeminate ^i^n^YdX French jmrity, pronounce i?* like ?r^, 
which is not so easy to sturdy English organs, apt to projiouce ie. 



68 

tic, moral, talud, inurir, axel, niostar, sextil, estoc^ 
serlir, dossal, perplex, charnel, tenir, festal, mat 
jor, actif, narvar, jahel, erjx, bursal, restor, mas- 
tic, casal, mugir, issel, bagdad, ferir, egal, siroc, 
tardif, marcel, ealmar, perdix, nerval, gehir, zig- 
zac, chartil, xucar, mortel, garnir, azof, susdal, 
saphir, add, etrif, syphax, vctir, upsal, astroc, 
japix, obscur, thermal, murdrir, hanap, cartel, 
fictif, atrax, gesir, recul, essek, gjral, david, 
hotel, surgir, ytal, julep, quetif^ astral, ofFrir, 
bemol, pibrac, mirtil, zatmar, oryx, michel, 
furtif, chacal, subir, uzel, jalap, havir, fiscal, che- 
rif, bazac, carmel, punir, archal, erix, cheptel, 
abab, massif, buccal, silex, zephyr, petrel, ver- 
nix, mural, vizir, abec, chatel, lutrix, chetif, mi- 
tral, vitex, agir, nasal. 

Trisyllables. — Destructif, coronal, ebahir, na-^ 
turel, subversif, similor, desunir, lacrymal, sub- 
jectif, romestec, doctrinal, abstenir, corporel, gib- 
raltar, abstractif, balaruc, general, obscurcir, hip- 
ponax, jahelel, survenir, delphinal, perspectifj 
matador, bissextil, personnel, aguerrir, jaquemjir, 
cacastol, successif, machinal, corridor, volatil, 
arphaxad, mesoffrir, abracax, maternel, restrictif, 
actamar, bachaljc, capiscol, pertinax, requeriry^ 
numeral, cxpressif, colonel, sannazar, agaric, ma- 
gistral, etrecir, jesabel, archiduc, respectif, di- 
dascal, thermidor, canabil, malabar, cocatrix, api-^ 
nel, usquebac, reflechir, sepulchral, obstructif, 
baltasar, arratel, subvenir, germinal, copernic,pa- 
lafox, hjdromel, deguerpir, asdrubal, nutritif, ca* 
Ijemar, aqueduc, pervertir, Yicennal, discursif,, 
messidor, immortel, rabetir, derechef^ synodal, 
abstersif, labrador, m^nestrel, acquerir, hallifax, 
corruptif, paternel, maca^ar, alaric, caracol, elar- 
gir, senecnal, acanor, genitif, epactal, subvertir, 
amalec, jezrahel, debrutir, saratof, hivernal, re- 
brunir, habacuc, lustratif, nenuphar, eternel, basi- 
lic, coquemar, colinil, satyrel, acarnar; percepti^ 
archipel, dcmunir, vertebral. 



69 

Quadris^lllibles. ^-^Matuiin^Silj rebarbalif, uni* 
verselj desassortir^ philomirax, subsecutif, chirur- 
gical, salamalecj appartenir^ surnaturel, amada- 
bad, legislatif, appredator, madagascar, geraiinii" 
tif, paradoxal, abatadir, zorobabel, aminadab,, 
roboiatif, originel, meridarpax, apoltronnir^ me* 
dicinal. 

Five •Sj///fl6/e'5.— Cicatrisatif. 

Si^ Sj/ilables. — Archipresbyteral. 



TWO CONSONANTS. 

BOTH INARTICULATED. 

s final is almost in every case ivifhout articulation^ i^^ 
preceded by a vowel, are seldom uttered, rs are inar' 
ticidated only after e in poly syllables. 

Jets, lits, bats, mots, guets, fCits, dits. — buchers^ 
scnats, acquets, chicots, debuts, petits, rejets, 
diners, cachots, ecrits, achats. — paquebots, ines- 
sagers, chatelets, delicats, erudits, substituts, es- 
carbots, reculers, paltoquets, renegats. — char- 
donnerets, hortagiiers, palatinats^ 

THE FIRST ONLY ARTICULATED. 

t. and A are not pronounced after r. Double consonants^ 
or consonants of a similar articulation, are like single 
ones, eh are equivalent to k; th to t, and ph 
to f. 

Monosi/llahles. — Hors, lacs, perd, vifs, nuls, 
dort, cids, ath, nefs, fars, bees, ord, luth, sels, 
roch, gers, robs, caps, tirs, beth, jars, dues, vers, 
hoff, cils, lard, tell, mors, chefs, zebs, hith, tufs, 
sers, jobs, art, seps, pitt, lors, bals, fic&, verd, 
sofF, rafs, murs, socs, bath, ceps, ars, choqs, vapp^ 
japs, mort, bacs, vols, pers. 

JDissj/llables. — Zurich;^ bemols, aleph, cesars^ 




tis commonly pronounced after evei^ consonant but r. 



Monosyllables. — Tact^ serf, fise, apt, est, pore, 
zist, tarn, busc, pest, marc, test, malt, turc, nerf^ 
talc, lest, muse, batz, rapt, arc, zest, pare. 

DissT/llahles. — Kesmark, correct, abstract, bit- 
tern, cobalt, abject, balast, valdern, exact, direct, 
anhalt. 

Trisi/llables. — Dusseldorp, danemsirk, inexact, 
konismark. 



THREE CONSONANTS. 

ONE ARTICULATED. 
The same principles as above, 

MonosT/llables. -^Perds^ morts, luths, pitts. 
JJissj/llables.-^Sumiichs^ Josephs, kopecks. 



71 



TWO ARTICULATED. 

Principles as above. 

Monosyllables. — Turcs, serfs, lecht, posch. 
DissT/ilable. — Directs. 

CONTRASTED EXERCISE 

On Articulated and Inarticulated Final Consonants. 




72 • • ' 

vider, orvert, semotes, dusil, milort, tagetes^ du" 
per, chomar, subit, metretes, varech, debuches, 
lotir, pechers, gorteres, nickel, deplut, hussards, 
doler, asor, zagus, ukases, carag, disgreges, ba- 
guas, zitzil, puchet, gallates, aval, regros, biferes, 
cesser, patir, sabech, estaches, rorel, mahot, ar- 
chards, kolpodes, cerner, hasar, mesas, armech, 
^achez, nebel> herbus, abrupt, disert, ravir, su- 
lard, ramer, cacheres, fernel, debris, cossac, 
e^erces, gabords, dechus, benir, tomates, huchet, 
panard, oxides, apres, miguel, oblat, hachottes, 
talard, giter, bicoq^, figeas, sorbir, ofFrez, xomolt, 
guichet, estrac, astuces, quoquard, morver, reperes, 
costal, begus, chalazes, forgez, kelek, racqui4:, 
razettes, hagard, colnud, servez, finir, archers, 
turneres, ardus, belzof, choquet, sebates, dextil, 
battrez, jasard, bardit, mittek, solos, remors, Salop, 
refus, esquifs, cablot, tartrites, apar, bifFer, richard, 
debordes, mattir, saphos, carguer, helix, putput, 
requites, chabec, rosaces, rainart, ablectes, com- 
mis, rosbif, merlut, zugytes, curer* gesneres, fatal, 
mordrez, piverts, thallites, archet, tapir, clitirmer, 
sabord, fuschsies, repab, ecrus, esmard, barul, ver- 
rot, lacetes, mutir, ecorches, rudbechs, devrez, 
thenar, obtus, mydeses, capuk, targuas, dodart, 
porpites, bocal, logis, sedlitz, semez, terrir, vachers, 
gabar, arguas. arzel, burat, phosphates, vetus, 
bastir, hupper, arack, quiquis, chalef, radard, po-' 
quer, sesleres, polir, tabut, pavates, milmils, asfiir^ 
faner, superes, torchis, monax, velites, surot, laval, 
daguas, exert, cobalts, verdir, pester, tollard, dis- 
cordes, etal, levez, conizes, niirach, depeches, tur-' 
nix, suros, mulcter, edit, gibbar, piper, buchneres, 
formats, virgultes, calac, milices, vernet, dipteres, 
rimer, servir, cocos, quartel, chacart, navrer, lu- 
peres, daphnot, vitex, cadis, chalit, hepar. ro- 
chers, gerid, hedard, errer, dorsal, > mulot, sar- 
retes, anis, rebec, disgraces, kurtchis, efforts, 
urates, tapir, ragats, vitrer, tolmeres, chorok, avis, 
bocard^ percer^ vital, chalutj mesquites, partir, 



73 

roquer, meplat, kevel, verjus^ experts, fustoc, 
epuces, suffis, jumart, sabrer, paderes, berglax, 
ferez, lethech, recraches, tical, margot, balards, 
daguet, cotir, larder, morguas, oleb, cedrat, te- 
retes, rubord, tordrez, nopal, tolets, pinnites, 
occis, gerber, velar, rhasutes, ergot, beculs, mol- 
lir, huraer, sarget, otites, isop, re^us, repart, lu- 
zettes, pagel, musard, adniet, regir, porchers, 
xysteres, oral, viser, homard, sumax, versos, re- 
perds, subsides, asur, lustrer, sabah, regal, habits, 
pilchard, nagor, limer, postels, tetus, salir, calfat, 
puchettes, marfil, gasfots, passifs, septrees, canap, 
venez, arguzes, essarts, titrer, ederes, farcir, re- 
pas, puchot, galvettes, ritbok, marquis, minart, 
lavez, papal, ytet, degus, etoc, lucreces, alost, 
culart, vivrez, naval, exclus, batir, lisser, goguas, 
metel, habesch, peluches, ternir, caver, appas, 
lisard, arec, jectices, boddart, corrects, sortez, 
jacar, ofFerts, riper, athrax, surcot, mucites, vo- 
mir, serez, tisard, depit, velvotes, hazur, larguer, 
misgurn, jarret, unir, tester, retords, echardes, 
murex, querat, ziziths, bardot, sucer, benar, hu- 
blot, korates, fennec, atroces, chervis, rorqual, 
pitpit, avir, tonnez, nervezes, zaphar, filer, butt- 
neres, dogat, bosbok, valez, chocard, calmir^ 
orner, barbat, otel, liernard, queter, rapaces, 
chebec, hicard, absurdes, mirab, sercot, termites, 
espart, avez, capoc, delices, esteres, nochers, isir, 
halot, rajas, zibet, negrites, chicar, appris, gue- 
mul, rilek, biguas, lisez, evax, ardept, jugeat, 
accorts, zizel, larguas, degor, givet, patrat, kil- 
dir, uchers, pederes, jaguar, dedit, heros, corsac, 
negoces, requart, vigortes, fabel, marbrer, colir, 
repos, jugal, regres, riflard, calices, extrac, orser, 
materes, nikel, chaput, phyllites, virer, hostir, 
vecus, quartal, zebus, sotard, gunnel, dosez, me- 
Iczes, sujet, fulmar, vergers, recrus, toral, gue- 
pard, cornud, kabak, bonard, exordes, messel, 
tissus, orthoses, desserts, ophir, berner, tagels, 
mulat, goUetes, sirex, voguas^ mafrach, guenuclies, 

H 



74 

cctil^ sabbat, massetes, tirer, niacaf, cbablis, va- 
sart, fichus, napel, bavez, aquart, excnies, kussir, 
choquer, raquet, phacites, oval, mysirs, purger, 
melafc, supplices, etnet, pegmates, hachis, tabbel, 
sabords, halter, esnard, savez, nabab, diffus, rhi- 
coses, repic, surfaces, bardis, pacal, dormez, bi- 
zart, river, carderes, mugil, sarmech, epluches, 
ossec, hospices, mallard, jasper, rissir, suret, tes? 
seres, mitrer^ portor, depris, hetich, caboches, 
serval, verotes, cossart, musser, apteres, quedec, 
varices, marmot, penestes, rocar, vider, hardis, 
gomart, vaxel, isard, hoquet, sulfates, tapsic, 
especes, nephrites, orchet, salap, alors, vanner, 
argut, vernal, succes, perlasses, tardifs, rattel, 
budgets, merytes, per^us, tenor, ricket, sommite^, 
volter, forst^res, usul, eclos, begards, mettrez, 
zocor, cochers, cherick, rachat, torcol, cerat, ta- 
bard, accordes, vertex, jarlot, phosphites. 

Trhyllahles. — Objectif, regorgeas, periptoses, 
cerebral, pistolets, m6nagyrtes, avachir, mena- 
gers, belvederes, finissez, chacamel, reperdus, def- 
tecdar, ■ uranites, cabinet, assagir, remacher, orthop- 
teres, fixatif, assonah, redormir, alterquer, gazi- 
feres, doronic, sacerdoces, hochicat, molybdites, 
humeral, elaguas, pergoieses, occursir, decharmez, 
manikor, helicteres, posseder, estomir, jehovah, 
^eptennal, devenus, abrutir, butonic, perikeces, 
vicinal, elzevirs, buriner, dasyceres, difiusifs, ta- 
gicrot, abulletes, ruperstral, applatir, romestecq, 
jionidis, paratheses, bomilcar, effarer, notopteres, 
pectinites, apostat, anordir, carneler, kilosteres, 
vertical, potamots, raffermir, horlogers, adoptif, 
picoiets, quamoclittes, subligard, tetracordes, or- 
dinal, chasselas, syssarcoses, departir, assommer, 
revulsi^ ultimat, meconites, athanor, cartager, 
uroceres, degrossir, raccordez, capivard, marginal, 
abattis, ecphjseses, surquerir, cletersif, altercat, 
quazerettes, aphrizit, dedurcir, cacaber, exuberes, 
alcohol, depromis, escubac, harpalices, acarnar, 
raturer, cephalottes, attractif; exigeas, perennises, 



75 

virginal, beaissez, taribords, revetir, epetils, de- 
tordiis, tapinosesj mortemarj agripper, deblasteres, 
amortir^ circinal, disparuSj exereses^ oviduc, de- 
dicaces, excessif, zigomas, degarnir, mesurer, 
ocjpteresj espatards, desaccordes, cardinal, ab- 
rolhos, lavateres, detraquer, retablir, numisraates, 
chalumetj erithal, torador, admettrez, mogilnik, 
bistoqaet, oxalates, arbitral, dirigez, regalecs, 
avalaces, avertir, regarder, t)alloderes5 redebats, 
purgatif, resolus, goguenard, amiral, verboquet, 
hyspurites, devetir, chopiner, hexapteres, balbu- 
sard, sigesbeks, unitif, surchargeas, anarnaks, anon- 
nez, fulminal, tajacus, fatiguasses, panacher, defi- 
nir, hemipteres, arsenal, sibilots, persicites, de- 
ceptif, accordos, parservir, galimarts, ratissetes, 
cubital, senekas, recrepir, acharner, dextrocheres, 
apalath, muscadet, purpurites, segetal, cabochards, 
vetirez, aftlictif, carteros, bulbiferes, affiler, hos- 
^podar, decrivez, federertz, eternals, porcelet, niu- 
ricites, replanir, deverser, edemeres, rectoral, 
barallots, odelettes, celibat, alphenic, linifices, 
serbocal, bilboquet, cocheniar^ rassurer, mega- 
tlieres, casminal, pinarus, destribord, fugitif, citro- 
nat, surachetes, cortical, anascot, parachutes, 
rbodomel, agregeas, retrecir, potagers, culmiferes, 
fiororal, urucus, favorises, suflisez, olfactif, quar- 
tonat, tastigotes, kanasteres, abelir, surikates, 
jovanot, horipal, phjseteres, lapider, applanir, 
pulsatifs, lazaret, sjberites, assonach, anicroches, 
tetrapteres, escrimer, liadamar, salival, expuisif, 
subrogeas, epideses, algerir, margajat, repassctes, 
gannegard, hallebardes, genital, sopiquet, molyb- 
dates, diinacheres, maragers, decharpir, carisel, 
suscrirez, melliferes, raffoler, accottar, picarel, 
hanafat, actinotes, deflcchir, ostrogots, muscu- 
lites, i;eflexif, fortunal, thyrsiferes^ derocher, for- 
bannir, acquerez, epinards, gusbabul^ odorat, 
hippurites, patiphar, armeger, micropteres, ira- 
mersif, nasitorts, vertebrites, mocaneres, surme- 
n^r, relargir, sacrifices, bulbonac, racinal, farfadet^ 



76 

rhinobates, colcotar, ecurer, telraceres, humoral^ 
pipiris, releguasses^ poljpteresj mipartir, efficaces, 
belelacs^ tapabord, anacardes, mispikel, fusligeas, 
urocHses, alachir^ penmer^ verdineres, phalarop, 
refrirez, discussifs^ surmulot, tetricites, coterel^ 
asservir, detroner, hectosteres, caliducs, malefices, 
ruminalj berniquet, turriJites, erucir, madrigal^ 
sifiletj phalacrotes, aspalax, reperdis, dersiferes, 
liquider^ obtenir, lacustral, demordus, volkameres, 
barragersj agonir, subjugal, laxatif, personnat, 
gobeletteSj algazel, recassis, synevroses, salicoFj 
macropteres, godronner^ parvenir, jacamar, d6- 
biifer, hippagretes, gasparot, baptismal, ecrirez, 
parardir, surjurer, mahaleb, alleguas, polytric, 
ahurir, peragers, septiferes, ramisol, assorath, 
merceiftotj philaletes, expletif, vergoblet, ophthal- 
mites, escupir, niveler, cenopteres, pectoral, ber- 
thelot, escamettes, repetrir, acesmer, banisteres, 
jnomenel, segregeas, passevert, porphyrites, de- 
cisif, cochicat, cannevettes, sutural, amilcar, eclop- 
per, nevropteres, callitric, dehaniaches, roquefoit, 
musagetes, oxjmel, avilir, d^marcher, percnop'- 
teres, vicennal, nesarnak, salsifis, abregeasses, 
marechal, assechez, optati^ abdalas, petitoses^ 
capiverds, objurguer, viminal, heresbach, depri- 
mer, tjrsigeres, doctoral, rebattret, melanites, 
urebec, benefices, divertir, bifurquer, phylacteres, 
catarrhal, panaris, depromets, uperotes, tiirbatif, 
cocojus, barnadeses, acanor, recevrez, terminal, 
survecus, paqiiefic, carapaces, succinates, persicots, 
hopital, recelez, upalizes, reverdir, parsemer, gut- 
tiferes, mohabut, ^vergetes, cirrhiferes, etrenner, 
bedegar, ruderal, archiluth, marigot, quarteletes, 
soletard, adjectifs, deleguas, calliceres, simuler, 
algenir, patirich, coqueluches, elixirs, defalquer, 
ortboceres, portugal, octidis, maganeses, romestoc, 
extispices, calcamar, eluder, horopteres, corrigeas, 
behemoth, ablegat, patellites, decursif, quatracas, 
desapprises, edictal, paraclet, retirotes, sicamor, 
bocagers, enameres, bargelach, macrostiches, 



77 

rochefort, picadil, bocardos^ milaneses^ damavars, 
recruter, visageres^ metiga], vertigosj arrudir^ 
derober, cyclopteres, philippot, rhizelites, cacas- 
tol, degageasj supreptif, mascaret, pholidotes, es- 
cotardsj regalez, gonolek, zilalat, vergobretes, 
sardinal. 

Quadrisyllables , — Homicider, tulipiferes, muni- 
cipalj tarabiscot, menakanites, nomophjlax, rnes- 
estimezj exprimitifs, acolytat, pennatulites, me- 
sothenar^ devisager, arsenical, redevenir, extra- 
vaguer, paratonnerres, adversatif, gallithomas, sy- 
necphon^ses, occipital, tapararas, siderolites, re- 
cachetat, deprevenir, alkaliser, azedarac, furfu- 
racees, episcopal, versiculet, apteronotes, alliga- 
tor, recorriger, papiriferes, passerinettes, suppura- 
tif, degrappinez, pyrocorax, serevasis, devalisasses, 
nabonassar, sopbistiquer, pyramidal, beriberis, 
opocalpases, philometor, escalader, multilateres, 
picaveret, thalassocrates, exhortatifs, arrerageas, 
decanonises, phenomenal, assujettir, barricader, 
senestrocheres, carotidal, escadronner, allegerir, 
deraenageas, cumulatif, abeliser, attenerir, rape- 
tissez, orthogonal, excalfatif, appatelez, parano/- 
mases, anevrismal, pyrotartrites, amesutat, mesa- 
venir, oxycrater, vermiculites, repercutat, matu- 
tinel, amenageas, cardinalises, vegetalifs, mori- 
gener, esperlucat, lithoglyphites, azimutal, tarabus- 
tez, opoponax, zythogalas, uniformises^ electoral, 
domestiquer, urocriteres, repurgatif, alcarrazas, 
hydropedeses, cardinalat, abelonites, original, 
senegalis, parhonomases, redemolir, abequiter, 
inesarrivat, phytomorphites, exclamatif, apana- 
geas, septicolors, accumuler, collateral, sUbdele- 
guez, hypothenar, multipartis, repercussif, econo- 
mat, orbiculites, hygroclimax, desopilez, amala- 
dir, paranniser, desarborat, pyromucites, capuci- 
nal, parathenar, estocader, megalopteres, gemi- 
iiatifs, dilapidez, octopetal, extravaguas, genera- 
lises, periclitat, arragonites, philopator, accom- 
moder, xochicapal, distributifs; hydrothorax^ 

h3 



78 

Fite Si/llahhs. — Perfectissimat, hcrnipteronotes, 
metaphysiquez, remuneratif, immatriculer, apte- 
rodiceres, dechaperonnat, hypernephelisteSj desha- 
biteraSj unilateral, acceleratifs, recapitulat, artlio- 
ceralites, archimarechal, debrutalisat, desheriteras, 
etymologises, alcoholiser, lepadogasteres, ridicu- 
lisez, ag'glutinatif, redeliberat, anacoUeraaies, 
palestrophilax, estafiladat, porphyrogenetes, ar- 
chitectoral, estrama^onner, desorgariisat, urano- 
morpliites. 



^^^s^4\r^s#' 



SEVERAL INITIAL CONSONANTS (i). 

A SINGLE ARTICULATION EXPRESSED 

By a Double Consonant. 

ELEMENTS AS ABOVE. 

Monosyllables .^^yV ehh (2), wighs, werste. 
Dissyllables. — Wielef, wesel, wolga. 
Trisyllables — VVarsovie, wiclefisme^ worabe, 
westphalie, westeivviek. 

By Two different Consonants. 

Tbor, dhul — philiste, Ihama, khordad — charle- 
yal, bhavani, khalasa, ghilini — rhjparographe. 

Scirpe, seel, scie, scene, scythes, sceptre, scires— 
sceptique, sci&sile, seelle, scyllare, scenique, scy* 
Ihisme, scellage, scissure, scythique, scenites— 
scelerats, scyphiphores, scepticisme, scelothyre, 
scytalisme — scenographie, sceleratesses, scitami- 
nees, scenopegies, scenophylax, sceleratisme — s^u, 
s^usses. 

(i) The Initial consonants are given last, being often more diffi- 
cuU in pronunciation than the Medial ami FinaL 

(2) ff^ IS the only double initial consonant in French ; it is com- 
monly pronounced according to the general rule, and as in Ger- 
man, that is V, 



79 

By Three Consonants; 

sch, followed by a vowel, are the oftenest pronounced 
like ch, as in German. 

Schisme, schahs, scheks, schirl^ schaff, schites, 
scheme, schigTe, schalls, sche, schet, schilde, schar, 
schene, schorls, schiste — schakat, schetsi^ schizees^ 
schabraque, schelor, scherif, scharmut, schedule 
— schematisme, schorlace, schismatique, scheno- 
bate, schemetisme, schcrliforme, scherbasti — sche* 
nobatee, schematiser. 

TWO ARTICULATIONS EXPRESSED 

By a Single Consonant. 

Xenismes, xacca — xilocolle, xenophanes, xa- 
tiva, xicocoj xuiiogrod, xicona— xocoxochilts— 
xinistecuhil. 

By Two Consonants. 

Monosyllables. — Flamme, brize, scute, trotte, 
preste, blade, drogue, erete, plat, gris, truble^ 
spee, crappe, floche, brye, plule, tree, spare, 
grimme, cleptes, trefle, croque, bdelle, frappe, 
slee, piie,^ truUe, classe, gros, stil, pre, brak, 
drjlle, globe^ prunes, spage, creme, blot, grifFe, 
scabre, tree, cruche, mnie, trass, psylle, gre, 
broche, flasque, squine, prame, brette, flic, trone, 
gregue, scalrne, bribe, glene, tru, flaque, treve^ 
pii, cnesme, gramme, plus, tripe, creche, fiotres, 
spathe, grippe, bleme, frase, prude, crasse, flez, 
store, gryphe, trabe, psoc, dreche, grass, brigue, 
glane, presque, trope, clique, blagre, stuc, grolle^ 
trattes, ble, crime^ drupe, flache, pretre, trie, 
scape, brome, club, grace, trisme, plethre, crocque, 
spure, trappe, frire, blette, grage, clysse, true, 
prote, glebe, brise, drome, flatte, smegme, bras, 
grue, triste, claque, flot, prele, slabre, brick, drege, 
gnonie, trac^ plique, flue, brache, criste^ glottc^ 



80 

I 

spasme, fruste, crlble, svelte^ blame^ proche, tres, 
flute, crick, sparte, br^ve, driles, glace, trolle, 
prisme, blechne, grappe, spic, troches, brune, 
plasme, ^eiie^ crise, ptose, grume, blaque, crit, 
frette, sporte, gras, trine, stele, bru, crone, glyplie, 
frere, prusse, stoc, grele, brave, cluse, frisque, 
drole, glabre, spet, tri, probe, glette, grapse, 
plote, trie, clalhre, brelle^ stipe, dru, crane, 
flegme, griphe, prase, stupre, brenne, glose, 
drame, clytres, ptene, grus, brisque, czar, frele, 
scaphe, drisse, froc, glu, trale, prime, sterne, 
bros, dragme, flustres, psi, grec, stalle^ cru, 
blague, dresse, prome, stase, gri, brusque, flet, 
prose, trame, squirre, grebe, broque, clas, triple, 
druge, flore, bresle, crabe, skires, drage, fresque, 
brisse, grade, spalme, creve, bloc, trufFe, plage, 
brie, drosse, flac, tresse, grime, scare, ores, brife, 
flotte, prue, spar, crjpte, grefFe, plane, trot, 
breche, clisse, sparses, pres, druse, gline, tre, 
frasque, blet, sbire, propre, grave, clute, friche, 
trox, ptine, bref, crie, plaque, frot, greve, stable, 
brique, crac, frustre, tmese, grague^ driff, broche, 
scale, precbe, brume, plie, stole, drave, crepe, 
frise, pluche, trace, grotte, blenne, crik, pr6ne, 
blatte, spe, grisse, traque, cloche, frene, bride, 
glame, presse, crotte, style, frac, bree, plume, 
groche, crave, spectre, crique, flame, brege, trisse, 
clorre, brut, grecque, place, cri, freze, psoque, 
bragues, prise, clupe, breve, crosse, stade, frime, 
crue, ploc, gratte, drenne, tzar, bris, grege, 
cloque, braques, fripe, stage, brede, prode, fleche, 
eric, grat, spode, breme, fritte, plaire, browse, 
gres, spire, trapp, brucbes, glass, plevre, fric, 
brasques, scote, greque, erase, stjx, fret, pro^ 
glas, tride, brut, stere, drague, crite, ploque, 
brae, grive, bleche^ fraque, brusc, clos, trique, 
crafie, pret. 

Dissyllables. — Primo, graphique, squelette, cro- 
cliu, fregate, plumee, tritomes, cracher, blestrisme, 
protase, statut, criquet, plamuse, draguer, tri- 



81 

pliane, fletrir, prudemme...climat5 grosil, spectacle^ 
proner, frittole, draba, stupide, broder, grenot, 
plumette^ troscart^ croquis^ prestesse, spadice^ tri* 
pler^ pratique^ blocage, dracene, grisatre, ptilose, 
freluclie, crabites, blesser, presto^ spiral, trichites, 
fr^ler, tricline, clerge^ brenache/ praline, glinole, 
Iriquetj crepu, spina, prurit, breteche, flatir, tru- 
cher, grenat, placunes, crocote, projets, scotie, 
droguetj bracmane^ clistrer, pretrise^ tricot, gla- 
ner, breda, psorice, crural, grefFer, statue, bresii, 
triptere^ placage, grades, flebile, triscale, bretture, 
scarole, droguer, prelire, trypliere, clivage, frus- 
trer, prolepse, starie, brocard, griblette, czarine, 
platole, trema, froler, blafard, crypside, spigeles, 
tripot, gravure, psora, cruchee, tremie, blaser, 
propice, sterno, grotesque, preture, dragonne, flu- 
ter, trimetre, crepage, placide, brucelies, trajane, 
gnidie, crossette, privable, flibot, brassee, dra- 
pades, smectite, grequer, propos, flamiche, tra- 
chee, brutal, stilbite, crotu, grimace, plapert, tri- 
braque, fretel, spalmer, brigade, prosthese, clep- 
sydre, gravas, trochisque, bluter, promesses, sco- 
lite, crevale, grypose, fracas, ptarmique, crisser, 
brulure, glanage, trochet, frelore, blottir, pre- 
face, grapper, classique, frivole, dragee, scapha, 
crepine, brunelle, glacer, tribord, prescrire, flo- 
rales, croquet, bravache, styptique, gi^ler, tracas, 
flamule, trufFette, prodrome, cliquette, spadix, 
bravo, grecistes, plumache, crenel, trafic, blam- 
able, proser, grenette, clapir, programme, friquet, 
stemodes, grabat, brisure, plastique, credo, fro- 
que, glissade, truUotte, premisses, blasphemes, 
tricher, stigmates, cruzite, framees, plecoste, grif- 
fard, broquettes, clubiste, frutex, prisable, fla- 
quees, brisis, scarlatte, tristesse, proptose, clarine, 
prospcre, gregal, stacte, frisure, drossart, placel, 
triglyphe, brochets, gnostiques, cravate, friper, 
scorie, bragot, tremelle, platras, fremir, crochet, 
scalvine, grenade, trifil, blochets, frarage, pressis, 
globule, profes, stomox, braquette, trivalve, cler- 



82 

gie, frapper, prima, glycine, dressees, brulot, tra- 
mettre, flatrure, proscrire, scubac, griphee, bras- 
sard, platine, trochure, florette, crepide, glener, 
prussite, sparies, brezole, trictrac, planer, gravir, 
fromages, scalene, prodigue, crista), glotrupe, tra- 
hir, briquet, klipdas, fritter, crocute, psorique, 
gratgal, brechet, staroste, criblure, tropique, fla- 
meque, dropax, presbjte, clave], grelot, fravure, 
blechir, frotter, crisite, scabelle, prologue, gra- 
buge, cljtie, trapeze, breloque, flottable, psal- 
miste, trophee, griset, cloture, frasil, drolesse, 
planorbe, brulees, gredine, spargane, crotter, tre- 
plu, fioriste, proherbe, grisards, clamide, braquer, 
friponne, psophie, dranet, crassule, scorpene^ gri- 
nette, trotter, blazir, proxene, cremone, plagal, 
fracture, spiree, brocotte, grammites, platane, vre- 
der, crostjle, steiage, freter, brathite, glabelle^ 
tresor, prostase, clicher, frapparts, prostyle, spor- 
tule, briguer, trappistes, glammet, crapone, pry- 
tanes, flecher, brassure, protet, scalope, drastique, 
triquestre, plumart, cristelle, gnomide, brusquer, 
frimas, sraarises, tochlee, prelude, glyptique, cra- 
tere, proverbes, floral, brebis, trisperme, grapliie^ 
stipule, fragile, probleme, clifforte, bretelle, pre- 
sages, spirique, travat, globee, propine, bridole, 
clethras, florer, prothese, scamitte, gribanne, pre- 
texte, clotho, tracheles, brehis, pterones, gradue, 
friser, stachides, broquart, crinole, glacis, troler, 
probable, blemir, fressure, stylet, cretonne, plas- 
ma, triphylle, brochure, glisser, crepis, scalpel, 
trocar, dreger, psellisme, brechite, cliquart, grat- 
ter, tribale, scotisme, brifer, credit, placets, bre- 
dir, flammettes, trigone, profanes, clonique, sta- 
mate, brunet, precis, clamer, travates, scolite, 
traper, plissure, broquer, crepis, plommer, tra- 
gies^ blaffarts, grener, spathique, clymene, pre- 
tras, tribune, stenie, gruger, flotiste, craquer, 
brissus, plamee, trifide, classer, breluche, pla- 
quette, styrax, grossir, crevet, brochees, glaphique, 
crecelle, protees, spirorbe, platrer, trigla, clo- 



S3 

chettesj truffefj psychique, flavert, prestiges^ stll- 
bes, bramer^ plutard^ spinelle, cretique, plica, 
treper, brulables, closets^ prefix^ grager, crenure, 
scaphisme, brevet^ treport^ plumule, brachet, clis- 
ter, frequemme...staphyle5 croquer, plevir, grever, 
crinal, flaminechej trigames, droguistes, plerose, 
brettesses, sparsile, clave, prehnite, triraas, clisser, 
grenasse, blatrer, plumer, scorbut, cretelle, pre- 
coces, gnavelle, brider, stechas, plorcis, tramer, 
climax, fraser, pterides, brosser, trochile, prelat, 
grassef, cranie, placards, tribut, brelic, stoquer, 
brachmane, profil, claquet, trisulce, frigard, pla- 
tel, gradine, proces, closser, scarite, pretat, tra- 
quet, briser, flechir. Grotesque, plusage, gripper, 
troller, prefice, clibade, grimer, trichisme, pla- 
quas, sternicle, broccus, flotter, grenage, braser, 
pleniste, clutelle, travee, psilothre, flater, stjlite, 
clorose, prefets, statice, Irajiets, glama, bricole, 
cvever, planetes, troquat, floree, crassane, pro- 
prets, spahi, brunatre, trapelle, plomet, dromie^ 
grapu, stellite, creter^ trepas, platee, friture, tres- 
ser, claquade, profits, blessure, pluvine, crustolle, 
bruta, gloser, tricode, promettre, spinal, cluser, 
tzarine, bretonnes, frugale, placer, tribule, sco- 
Ijmes, graver, clenagre, presure, statere, cliniques, 
frocard, plumet, tripsaques, brunies, glanure, pri- 
mat, creper, glaris, progres, staltique, bractee, 
plamage, crocher, tridi, plethore, griiFer, brumale, 
clarte, stature, trasi, pressage, flipot, scultet, cli- 
quet, steriphes, gratelle, frettes, platise, tremue, 
braver, pretrage, cloporte, brisables, plumelle, 
trichure, glucine, spithame, crepole, psallette, 
tractrice, flaquer, bromos, prunelle, cliver, storax, 
grossesses, biamuse, frelet, trispaste, psyctique, 
grumelle, scaphe, crapule, plebe, cleche, granal, 
trimestre, plomee, sterile, brussoUes, priser, flot- 
tage, cressee, stokfiche, prelart, brelee, flamincs, 
traverse, predire, clissus, clapets, tribade, drosser, 
planure, crisper, tropistes, spatule, prevot, cru- 
clier, platures^ trapu; clitore, prechat, braguer, 



84 

spargelle, brossures^ squenee, plaquis^ era* 
quettes, spica, flatrer^ plessis, gromraer, bras^ 
sage, tribu, clatir, dresser, scatopse, crotale, 
brusquets, plocage, stigmites, truxales, crebebe, 
glapir, pressure, spolie, prolixe, tricheque, cli* 
chage, grecisrae, plutot, bretter, frisage, cribler, 
scotiste, preceptes, travade, clocher, brunir, grap- 
pelle, pluser, bloquer, credule, pnigite, grader, 
stomate, triremes, critique, plachettes, spergule, 
clergeots, tracer, prenable, glyphite, vretac, brfi- 
ler, florir, crener, trinome, plisser, graphide, bre- 
neche, smilax, procree, tribard, flanelle, crepir, 
brocher, platystes, stablat, griser, clozets, plo- 
quer, frottage, trelu, plupart, bracher, grjpbite, 
claquer, trottade, brocarts, trefler, clonisse, pro- 
plietes, stjler, griffade, plamer, crevasse, trochite, 
briber, placaque, grenet, scolie, traquer, crachats, 
flexible, primer, glanis, cruzade, triquer, cla- 
vettes, premices, spirule, tragique, brisees, plu- 
mage, bredi, flamet, prelats, statique, trabee, cli- 
tie, prostates, scalegres, gn6mique,,psorale, cljs- 
tere, trichies, proptome, sporade, gravelle, pla- 
trage, blaraer, bruce, clamart, prodiges, draper, 
scurrile, platene^ frigane, crissure, glossite, tri- 
quetre. 

Trisyllables. — Frugivores, tracasser, plumitif, 
crisogone, grelotter, scarifie, preleguer, crjpto- 
games, floretones, triterne, proleptique, brocar- 
dates, pragmatique, blassonnees, trotinat, plumete, 
cristatelle, proserpine, clarequet, trigynie, procu- . 
rer, stomacal, grosserie, frigotter, pteropodes, ere- I 
nerie, preferer, griffonnage, primitifs, crochetees, 
spicanard, troglodites, prominer, clothonies, gre- 
nelat, prevote, stellerides, brunissage, prelecture, 
trogossites, planispheres, cretinisme, trebuchet, 

Erofectifs, stylera, gravite, crucifies, psalmographes, 
ritannique, clergeresse, traditive, grisonnat, sta- 
tistiques, presbytere, crenatules, scammonee, pro- | 
cedures, tripudie, gravelure, knyphonism^, trico- 
ter, pressurage, spinifere, grabelage, trufFerie 



85 
IJemira, prophetiques, crapulates, glomere, pre- 



dies, stjlobate, grammatistes, prolifere, crustacee, 
scobiforrae, preterits, trigastriques, pterospermes, 
frenesie, drivonette, spasmatique, tr^passames, cle- 
matite, probite, ptirophage, craquelee, triperie^ 
stimulates, fructidor, predeces, spagyriques, pro- 
pylees, draperie, cliqueter, flatterie, presager, cra- 
botage, stapelies, tridacnes, broquelines, gnosi- 
maqiies, florilege, traquenards, primedi, spernia- 
lose, cresilage, prodiguer, plafonnas, trevirer, gres- 
serie, proraethee, spipolete, craspedies, triturable, 
prefiger, crocidisme, grumelasses, piicatile, crene* 
lures, projeter, gratifie, platonisme, briqueter, 
claricorde, trefiler, preveiiir, tripetale, glosso- 
petres, frucliforme, psephorie, drupace, friponnable, 
sternoptix, trafiquer, preparate, clavelee, progres- 

blei 

cassee, planirostres^ 
gochine, proctoptose, scutellere, brasserie, prece- 
demme,..granitelle5 plumetis, crotophage, propa- 
gine, bretesse, glorifie, friquenelle, precloture, 
speronat, dragonistes, plethoriques, frisson names, 
closerie, profiter, spinosisme, prespinal, scarlatine. 
plamerie, trezaler, brulerie, glumacees, prisma- 
tiques, floflottat, tripolir, scolopax, preciser, cra- 
nologue, glacerie, fracturat, platiceres, crepuscule, 
pratiquer, spathace, tritonie, brevetasses, flacon- 
ner, promerupe, stomatique, fraternels, presider, 
claquetat, trachinotes, plenitude, cromenare, tri- 
jugue, flammerolle, grumelure, preposer, blepha- 
roptre, graminee, primipile, clerical, tricosinesi, 
starostie, procello, brachygraphe, planetas, gras- 
sari, clarinettes, friponnat, prolastique, scutigere,, 
predorsal, brochetter, crystalline, psalmitique, 

I 



86 

cruciftrmes, grisoUates, prohiber, stelechite, pre* 
scriptibles, cretisates, pterocarpes, trotterie, ^ra- 
phometre, cl^turer, probatifs, spadice, frigefie^ 
trigonelles, pladarotes, tributifs, bracelets, gre- 
natite, trilatere, flegmagogues, preceller, tracanat, 
smaragdine^ projectures, crenirostres, scamasaxe, 
brusquerie, prelasser, tragelaphe, sparterie^ fri- 
sottasses, blasonner, drolatique, spinarelle, pre- 
texter, grilagine, traversal, ploqueresse, fructifie, 
climusette, professer, trisarchie, stipulames, bre- 
vipenne, privatifs, spinosa, platilobe, creditames, 
freluquets, scorbutique, dragonne, preciput, glos- 
sographes, fricarelle, ps^dracie, dramaturge, grive- 
lette, stjphelie, propageasses, treselir, clavicorde, 
gratitude, flageoler, trebucha, prochronismes, sca- 
rabee, crepidule, flaveries, grappeter, droguerie, 
staph)^lee, premunir, crochetage, planulites, tri- 
bometre, bredissure, proposables, clarifie, frelater, 
brocoli, scutiforme, triquenique, profectice, cloro- 
phane, pregadi. critiquables, spagirie, granul6e^, 
blesite, fructifere, prorata, mnemonique, tricolor, 
platjc^res, crenelas, stalactite, primipare, scaphi- 
dies, cruciferes, grippelat, fletrissures, trajectile, 
pluinotage, cretaces, grifFonnie, speculer, prefe- 
rables, crachoter, procigale, scorsonere, brevirostre, 
frenetique, ptysmagogue, gljcimere, brumazar, pro- 
seljtCvS, crjptonyme, spatule, trochilites, prelever, 
spicifere, criminels, plastronnames, trinite, glos- 
salgie, profiler, fratrisee, clavicule, braverie, dra- 
pelet, stylephore, processifs, crevassat, platitude, 
crfecerelle, propotome, stalagmite, triglottisme, 
plecopteres, grenetis, precheresses, spurciloque, 
crotapliite, blemitifs, fletelet, productifs, tripliquat, 
scorifie, clapotage^ prestolet, tripartible, plani- 
pedes, trepudie, craquetat, tristamie, floriforme, 
preparer, brunnichies, pterophore, tricennales, 
broderie, stipite, prolifiques, proboscide, crenilabe, 
stupefies^ placite, frustratifs, tramesat, prominule, 
spermacoces, tricotage, prefinir, flageolets, brico- 
las, plamottat, crepinettes, trygedie, styloglosse, 



87 

praticables, precitees, gnomonique, traceret, psal- 
niatole, crottifie, fraxinelle, clarine, privileges, 
trigonie, gravelee, flegmatique, proceder, scope- 
lisme, braconnates, prevotal, blepharique, crito- 
phage, platalee, friperie, globosites, promenades, 
brocatelle, scapiforme, tricherie, prejudices, clopi- 
ner, pronostics, spirale, bresicate, pterocere, tre- 
molite, fredonner, cludiforme, proctalgie, dragoii- 
nade, staminee, plebiscites, brunissure, preluder, 
spargitide, tr^tornas, grabeler, stelechtite, froma- 
ger, prevenues, clericat, trismegiste, flagornees, 
drolerie, prorogeat, spasraodique, crapelet, plu- 
micoUes, trilobe, frigalas, scapolithe, preceder, 
croquenote, grenelie, proprete, trophosperme, spe- 
cifique, fracassames, plicatule, crenules, grugerie, 
presbvtisine, tracelet, cliquetis, graviter, buco- 
laque, s])icilege, crocodiles, glossocome, profaner, 
tripoli, flechissable, breloquet, trigamie, prefec- 
tures, giiveler, clarissime, gratteler, cretelat, sco- 
tomie, profitable, trinerve, floripare, dramatiste, 
pressurer, stigmatique, crassatelle, platagones, tra- 
gediste, briquetage, smaragdite, griffonner, pre- 
parage, cledonisme, tricotets, bluterie, trejetage, 
critiquees, speronelle, projectiles, predicable, cra- 
querie, psychrometre, briberesse, crustacites, stj* 
matose, probatiques, graphipteres, pterigo, fratri- 
cide, clavatule, tribunal, brevite, spirogljphes, 
prelatures, dramatique, gljptospermes, presumable^ 
stoniachique, trupelu, platonique, crisocome, grom- 
nielcltes, triturer, blasphemasses, proclamer, cra- 
bonites, scalata, greciser, precipice, flabellames, 
crucherie, preserver, statira, tripotage, psalmo- 
die, primeveres, cretinage, sporadique, fricasser, 
plumotat, tricephale, promulguer, clamesi, frega- 
tas, prejuger, staphylome, triticite, grappiner, 
grazzini, glossocele, tridactyle, placardat, crypto- 
ceres, prologies, crenelee, scotocele, travestir, 
grima^ames, spinosistes. 

Quadrisyllables. — Professorat, triplicite, frigo- 
rifique, fraternisates, prorogatifs, sterilite, granu- 



88 

liformcj traversiner, platycerates, cranologiste^ sfu- 
pidite, presbjteralj trophologie, clericature, fru- 
galite, probabilisme^ spermatabole, predestiner, 
crjptocephale, pterodiceres, trifemoro, prefigurerj 
stel^graphie, cristalerie, prophylactiques, flacci- 
dite, gredinerie, sternocostal, preservatifs, bruta- 
lite, flagelleras, precipiter, frelaterie, blepharop- 
tose, protopathique, craticuler, blaspliemeras, pro- 
legomenesj tretopsychiques, stomacace, bravache- 
rie, grecanisat, planospirite, frivolite, crypto- 
graphique^ scorodoprase, predominer, trivelinade, 
clavecinistes, cristalliser, preceptoral, staaiinifere^ 
bradypepsie, prostapherese, flagornerie, prepara- 
tifs, tripteronotes, stylometrie, prolixite^ glutina- 
tif, cruinenophtalme, psephophorie, fragilite, gram- 
matica], pluralite, tracasserie, proximitej steno- 
graphies predeceder, tropologiques, flagorneras^ 
premediter, tribunitif, stabilite, cryptogamie, pro- 
nominal, glossotomie, primulacees, crepuscuiine, 
blennorrhagie, problematiques, tricuspidal, clima- 
terique, prpsperite, greneterie, flabelleras, ple- 
vrodinie, crocomagma, griniacerie, smaragdoprasej 
proselytisme, brutalisames, glossologies procerite, 
trichotterie, stolonifere, profiterole, trepidite, ster- 
nutatifs, cricelasie, proscarabees, blasonneras, pre- 
cocit^j knodalomorphe, precidanees, triplicuta, 
stercoranistes, prevariquer, criselaphie, spargono- 
phore, preconiser, cranologie, stypticite, grecali- 
sates, briqueterie, flageoleras, pronostiquat, tre- 
filerie, scurrilite, grimelinage, prefericul)?^ glypto- 
graphies preriiaturees, sporopthalmie, frigidite, 
prophilactice, spermatope, tresorerie, prestissimo, 
clisterisates, drymirrhisees, prosopalgie, stolidite, 
graticulat, planimetrie, crochetoral, stupefactif, i 
prerogatives, trilateral, spasmologie, graminiforme, I 
prohibitifs, irilosete, blepharoxyste, presbyterts, : 
criminalistes, spumosite, brachygraphie, glossoca- 
toche, cryptographic, professoral, stigmatisees, 
sporophtalmie, cristallographe, predicaner, scoto- 
dinie, frivolisat, procathartiquesj stephanegraphes, 



8D 

bromographie, triplinerve^ plumasserie, fraternite, 
speculatif^precogite, trihemimere, flagorneras, pru- 
doterie, blepharotis^ progeniture, tropologie, sti- 
pulace, fromagerie, prosopopees, grimelinasses, 
stomomatique, preceptorat, tricoterie, claquemu- 
rer, prepositifs, gracilite, sterilisas, cryptoga- 
mistesjprophetisames, scolarite, tripolisser, flacon- 
neras, protomartjrs, prejudicie, trapeziformej glos- 
sographie, plan^tolabe, credulite, friponnerie, sper- 
matocele, probabilistes, grivellerie. 

Free Syllables. — Crjstallographie, prodigalite, 
glossopalatine, trigonometrie, credilite, brady- 
spermatisme, flexibilite, prosonoraasie, crypto- 
metaUine, stylocerato, provisorerie, tripolisseras, 
cristallotechnie, stigmatiseras, protocanoniqiie, 
preceptoriser^ glutinosite, steganographie^ cri- 
minalisees^ predeterminames, blepharopthalmie, 
probabilitesj cryptogamisatj stigmatographie, pre- 
maturite^ cljsteriseras, spermatologie, primoge- 
niture^ tractabilite^ steganographique, trigonome- 
trique, claquemureras, prosopographie. 

Six Syllables. — Cryptogamiseras, preceptori- 
sera. 

By Three Consonants, 

Monosyllables, — Chromej spliene^ chrie, phlasme, 
threces, chroche^ sphexe, chlore, thlase, phryne, 
chreme^ phlox^ sphere, chrome, phrase, throne, 
christe, phlegme. 

Dissyllables. — Spheric, chlorose, phrenique, 
sphacele, thlipsie, phryne, chlamide, spheristes, 
phlibot, chronique, thranit, phlyct^nes, sphyg- 
niiqiie, chlorite, phrigane, spherique, chromate, 
phlogose, sthenic, chrysite, phraser, spheno, 
thlaspi, phlacope, chromiquc, spheromes. 

Trisyllables. — Chrysographe, phlibotome, chro- 
niser, chrysalide, phlegmagogue, chrysophile, chro- 
nogramme, spheridies, chrysoclore, chronoscope, 
spheristique, christomaques, phlogopyre, chrono- 
logues, chrysolithe^ phlebotome, christicole, chle- 

I 3 



90 

uiii^pes, plirepetiquOj chrysostorrie, spherephores^ 
cl|ppii)atiqi}e, pbrysoprase, spheristere, ehresmel^r, 
phlpgistJQue, chrysocolle^ phrysulee, chronometre, 
sphero^^rpesjchrysomele, christolites, chrj'sologues, 
phlegrii^tique, chrysobate, chrjsoptere, clirono- 
graph^? spherometre, chrysoconie, chry si trice, 
cblprophfiine, phrenesie, ^hrysqpee, sphaceler, chry- 
saspide, ehrysotose, phlegmasie, chrysostrome. 

Quadrisj/llables. r-^Phlehographie^ chronogunee^ 
spherocephales, chronologiste, phlebotomie, chry- 
^alidier, spheromachie, cbronologiqvies, thnetopsy- 
c^it^S) spherieite, c|irpnpgr^phie, phlebotomiste, 
chronologie, spbacejeras, phlebplogiej chrysobe- 
ril. 

Fivf Syllables. — CJirys^li^eraSj plilebotomiser. 

Six Sy//^§/e^.— Pfelel^gt^^inisera. 

Bt/ four Cons^ananis* 

\Diss7/llahfes — Phthisie, phthisiques. 
Trisi/llables. -r-Phihirophsige. 



THREE ARTICULATIONS EXPRESSED 




91 

Quadrisi/Uables. ^Strumosiie^ scribomanie, scle- 
rosarcome, stratographie, strobiliforme, scleroph- 
taimie, strapassonner, splenographies stratope- 
darque, stromatechnie, strobilifere, splenologie. 

Five Sy//a6/e^.— StratagematiqueSj splenopa- 
rectame, strapassonneras. 



'^^./^#J^r■r^ 



SEVERAL VOWELS. 

ONE SOUND. 

Originally, in the union of vowels, each of them 
was distinctly sounded. This fact is evident from 
the names given to such groups^ viz. diphthong and 
triphthong ; that is^ two and three sounds in one 
usual syllable or monosyllabic word ; which sounds 
are still most frequently pronounced in all languages. 
But in process of time some diphthongs and triph- 
thongs were reduced into one sound, though often 
preserving all their vowels. Owing to these two 
circumstances, they may be denominated Plurivocal 
Monophthongs, instead of the unmeaning appel- 
lations, False or Improper Diphthongs. Such in 
French are the following : 

ELEMENTS. 

^e, ie, ye, ue, \ ^ ^'^^^ t ^^^^^^ «^^^ 

•^ * (^ a vowel. Seep. 9. 

qua, que, que, qufe, que, qui, quy, ) u i> silent after q. 
quo, quu. ySeepW. 

gu6. gufe, gui, guy. I %lp°20 

qu6e, quie, quye, quue— guee, S»ie,i , 
guye, gime, -^as aoove. 



m 



< 



y 



e 



ai 



ay, ei, ey 
au, eau • • « 
eu, oeu. • • ' 



1 



^ or 6. 



6 



r sbund always 6 i^« Me"* 
y?r«^ person singular of 
what is called Preterit 
of verbs in er, as parlm, 
and in that of the Future 
of all verbsy as parlerai, 
ecrirsii ; the sound e dis- 
tinguishing now those 
two tenses from the Im- 
perfect and Conditional 
in which ai are pro- 
nounced h or e, parlsds^ 
/ja/Yerais, ecriVais. J 

. sound commonly h or 

^e in other words 

• sound .••.••••••• 

•sound • ••• • • 

sound ••••..•.•• o iyr 6 

sound like e simple > , ^ 
X . 17 1.1 I e short or 

strong in monosyllables, > / 

ce, dcyje, le, me, ne, &c. } ^* 

sound like o, oo, ou, 
in the English words to, 
too, could. 

the circumflex accent 

does not af- 

tely those 

lengthens the 

thongs* 

aie, aye, eue, one • as above. 

geu, geu, geue (2), — quai, quai, quay,' 
quei, quey, queu, queu, quoeu, quau, 
quou, quou — guai, guai, guay, guei, 
guey, gueu, gueu, guoeu, guau, guou, 
guou — geai, geai, geay, geau, geou, Jx 
geoA — quaie, quaye queue, quoeue, 
quoue — guaie, guaye, gueue, guoeue, 
guoue — geaie, geaye, geoue. 



ou 



I 



at, eA, o^ 



•••••• 



Vas above. 



^ 



(1) c, in spite of analogy and true Latin pronunciation, is not 
guttural before (e and o?, as it is in cceur^ but is pronounced like s. 

(2) This element geuy said to be pronounced ju in page 20, 
must be blotted out of it, though analogical, because it is regular 



93 



FINAL CONSONANTS 

Preceded b^ several Monophthongal Vowels. 



SINGLE CONSONANTS. 

INARTICULATED CONSONANTS. 

t, h, z, and s, are inarticulated after several, as well 
as single, vowels; d and x 07ily after several. 

Aid, eud, oeud, aud, oud — ait^ eut, cent, aut, 
out — aili, euh, oeuh, auh, ouh — aiz, eiiz, oeuz^ 
BUZ, ouz — aisy eusj oeusj aus, ous— aix, eux, ceux, 
aux^ oux. 

ARTICULATED. 

Euf, auf^ aif, ouf^ oeuf—aik, euk, auk, ceuk^ 
ouk—auq, ceuq, ouq, euq, aiq — ouc, auc, euc, aic, 
oeuc — aul, eul, oul, ceul— air, ceur, aur, eur, 
our(i). 



TWO CONSONANTS. 

BOTH INARTICULATED. 

ds and is are never pronounced ; nor are Id and It after 
au and on f no7' gn after ou. 

CEuds, ouds, aids, euds, auds — aits, euts, outs, 
auts, oeuts — auld, ould — ault, oult — ough. 



in only three words, chargeurCy gageure, mangeure^ and would 
give rise to the exception of mariy words in another respect very 
rt^gular ; such as chargeur* gageur, niangeur^ courageuse, &c. 
Pronounce, then, geu like jVm. 

(1) When preceded by ouy the ever-sweet R caiinot come out of 
Britanno-Anglo-Saxon mouths. They can indeed pronounce some- 
thing like or, eur, oueur, but hardly ever our, \>hich, therefore, is 
multiplied in the following exercises. 



94 



THE FIRST ONLY ARTICULATED. 

The same principles as in page 69. g is generally inar- 

ticulated after our. 

Aifs, aucs, ours, euks, eauls, oeuqs— ourd, eurd, 
aurd, oeurd, aird — aurt, oeurt, airt, eurt, ourt — 
ceuch, audi, aich, ouch, euch — aith, euth, outh, 
oeuth, auth — ouph, aipb, oeuph, auph, euph— 
ourg. 



THREE CONSONANTS. 

The same consonants ar above y with ^ final inarticulatedo 

Monosyllables. — Foule, braire, pleut, ourse, 
gaule, taire, clou, neuve, vous, beau, reine, 
bouche, preu, sourd, paie, saure, poutre, trait, 
goure, ceux, chausses, loupe, meuble, pair, thou, 
gaufre, veuve, pouffe, laid, courbe, glaise, plaute, 
fours, dais, soeurs, coudre, eauge, houes, gueule, 
roux, naitre, tousse, baux, dey, groupe, hauts, 
faite, leurre, air, soufre, baume, hait, douve, 
moeuf, chaux, tourbe, quai, noue, veaux, laits, 
gout, meule, double, baisse, trouve, pseaumes, 
maigre, boucs, raeuse, seize, caut, moue, traire, 
jour, bleu, coute, fraude, veufs, tourte, mais, 
glaux, choufs, gai, pou, eaux, neuf, bourse, peines, 
fausse, peurs, roues, aide, lourde, sceaux, pais, 
ceuvres, louche, aine, saute, boude, gueuse, traite, 
faune, doute, bajle, souffle, voeux, gourme, maire, 
vaud, neutre, housse, veines, soule, queues, brou, 
lai, heaurae, paitre, source, pleure, chairs, bouge, 
veut, speautre, cours, laide, sauge, bout, jeu, 
mouds, traitre, seau, pleuve, joue, rnaine, cous, 
bau, peuples, gaie, pouf, chaud, sourde, caisse, 
boule, cause, ours, bai, poudres, neume, trou, 
aube, fourre, nais, couvre, seuls, bourbe, laiue^ 
haute, sous, meurtre, craie, loue, blaude, soudre, 



95 

peux, outre, meaux, douche plaids, bauge, mourre, 
croule, faix, rouvre, noeuds, pour, seine, leurs, 
boue, laise, soute, gaupe, laie, couple, saut, douze, 
creux, glout, saie, fourche, heu, clair, fauche, 
coulpe, treize, douvres, veux, vaine, goufFre, 
chauve, sourds, frai, oeuf, toute, pau, quoue, 
feurre, caire, pousse, baugue, froue, chaise, lourd, 
haie, faute, toul, laite, preuve, gourde, baie, 
croupe, feux, prou, jais, laudes, goute, vrai, graine, 
foudre, heurte, sait, pouge, beaune, hais, tour, 
meuve, douce, plaie, toue, geai, freux, houppe, 
treuf, voute, pleines, bouse, fleur, poule, paire, 
trousse, vautre, roule, beugle, louche, fraie, peaux, 
jours, meurte, brai, cou, faits, saudre, pource, 
claire, boufFe, raeut, aux, paii-s, toux, deux, aides, 
proue, aune, hourque, laire, peur, fougue, plaise, 
cloute, maure, poux, flair, meure, troupe, faux, 
bouc, raie, clause, bourges, queux, gaine, soude, 
chaude, joute, vaigre, pleurs, moule, aise, court, 
mauve, louve, pleutre, couds, veau, troue, graisse, 
ceuvres, ourle, peine, hausse, tout, baile, feurs, 
mou, auge, four, traine, courte, queues, traits, 
rouge, haile, coux, leur, pait, goutte, baud, clone, 
faire, louvre, fleuve, ib^rbe, plaide, seaux, boucle, 
feue, sourdre, frais, tons, veuf, draie, courre, treuve, 
doue, baise, chaume, route, preux, nioud, nait, 
sou, mai, bouts, jaune, aix, meurs, houle, clairs, 
tourne, seule, couse, taise, lourds, aigre, crau, 
mouche voeu, poufs, veines, nous, fleure, aine, 
joues, plaude, soeur, courge, plaine, haut, fou, 
moeufs, croiite, laisse, fleurs, cour, naine, peau, 
gueules, soupe, laids, houx, rais, sauts, creuse, 
souche, faine, aude, eofit, jeux, touffe, haire, 
pourpre, sauce, ouvre, treufs, broute, vair, paume, 
houe, meugle, pougue, claie, sauve, course, grais, 
peuple, bouque^ raine, beauce, gouge, seul, trouble, 
aile, sceau, coutre, meurt, pauvre, airs, bourre, 
peu, poudre, geais, saugues, mousse, pent, lait, 
coule, autre, fraise, gueux, poii, vaigres, gauche, 
souffre^ bleue, poupe, reines, loutre, braise, pouce. 



96 

quais, taupe, coud, bleux, roue, haine, bourde* 
chauds, aire, chouf, maux, beurre, souple, taie, 
psaume, gouts, plaire, rouche, jeune, touze, 
paul, moeurs, coude, glaire, voue, chauffe, braie, 
poulpe, veule, boute, chair, moufle, bey, pause, 
meute, fait, beaux, tours, chaine, neufs, gousse, 
maitre, feutre, saule, courts, plaid, vaux, quoues, 
raire, bccuf, couche, laure, brout, paix, chou, 
pleine, heure, moudre, tai, jauge, coupe, feu, 
doux, gaies, faut, prouve. 

Dissi/Uahles, — Naufrage, hebreu, souffloi (i), 
creuset, beaute^ coecale, sourci, coudr«/, laquais, 
jouter, closeau, pleureux, baleine, chaudeau, vaut- 
ours, eteule, fourrure, troppeau, feutrer, saumatre, 
fraicheur, prouver, haubart, neigea, attraits, cal- 
feutre, souper, ourdir, moreau, largeur, velours,, 
saumaise, touffue, cliqueur, sursaut^, mairie, sceli- 
leur, moulu, faraire, copeau, trainee, jeftnait, 
sauver, fbrgeur, journal, annate, pastour, euryte, 
clouter, peureux, bousquie, leucade, baisure, hohou, 
pausaire trezeau, soufFrer, chercheur, bourrelle, 
graisseux, caudrette, pourceau, vigueur, fourbure,- 
hausser, moqueur, voulusse, chaufour, audace, 
soumettre, vitteaux, oedipe, queunii, jamais, gaulrz/, 
cirrheux, chaineau, tanneur, cousue, pommeau^' 
laineux, fournir, verveine, bouzars^ begueuie, 
daunie, bourrasque, clairet, heurter, rohaut, mourut, 
jaugeur, caustique, ineubler, sceurette, restaure, 
souris, chauffeur, courtrai, eineut, sauter, fbulure^ 
OBuve, fourneau, samours, beauture, immeuble,^ 
baisser, cerceau, manoeuvre, eutrope, boulaie, cre- 
seau, pourrr^*, trucheur, eubee, plausible, feiture, 
aumale, recourt, neigeux, blaireau, fesour, coucheur, 
heaumer, doublure, haite, fleuret, tournee, pilau, 
rigueur, sougarde, eudiste, boussole, licteur, 
aveine, doucatre, flaireur, laura, cymaise, piqueur^ 
belnaux, nourrir, traineau, laitue, forgea/, grais- 

(1) aiy sounding^ in the two cases stated p. 92, will be priiited 
in italics throughout ail subseq^uent exercises. 



97 

sez, aveugle^ ausbourg, \ivrai^ coucy, haiieaUj 
discours, ^ervais, beuree, aimargue, mouver, for- 
maire, herbault^ rauqueux, ourdi, braurone^ scrip* 
teur, feisceau, beuglr//, augiire, debourre, oedeme, 
grainette, mammouthj gageur^ soufree, treizaine, 
echaux, brouter, marqueur^ airure, nourrice, euph-p 
rade, goulu, leuce, rebours^ guimauve^ heuchere, 
blousei-j surfaire, bureau, recours, prairie, jaunatre, 
fougueux, casau, boubil, portrait, frivaiy bouture, 
' faucheur, adour, bluteau, afFougue, emeu, lourdaud, 
grouper, pythaule, vaucour^ margaj, creusure, 
bourgmestre, gaucourte, peuplade, saisir, voulu^ 
auberge, troqueurs, aus&i^ parcourt, gueusa/, maig- 
i rir, libourna, aubaine, chargeur, couter, pleurard, 
j au:xese^ mourusse, visqueux, petau, cenopte, cour- 
I eur, gourmet, jeuneur, maitresse, vaudra/, glous* 
ser, afFreux, corbeau, aine, gauffreur, couture, 
I mauvais, clamour, alleu, troupeau, baidar, n^ulie, 
^oustraire, rirai, arnauld, goutteux, nautili, au» 
tour, lustreux^ mausole, leurrez, fourchage, au- 
rore, pisej, craqueur, recourbe, baudose, coutume, 
ligueurs, bouveau, traits/, queudeu, bougie, cres- 
cau, toujours^ moulue, fleurisme, claustral, se- 
coure, belley, veautrer, depeuple, cobourg, be- 
jaune, tordrm*, aisselle, voulut, coudey, liurleur, 
affaire, moustache, jeunette, boustrophe, irait, 
cloucourde, sauvage, maheutre, fourmi, chaussure, 
plairrt/, boursaut, allure, morgueur, grassais, an- 
neau, gouter, effleure, accourt, jargeau, gouger, 
raiforts, goureur, voutr//, lausanne, besaigre, 
ajourne, meugler, joufflue, begault, tiqueur, hau- 
tesse, frairie, bouteau, rheteurs, chaucique, essour, 
lejsere, traite, gourlu, aimables, boucler, saurcj/, 
haineux, gaucbir, barfouls, vaisselle, balourds, 
jureur, cesjpe, quinaire, pourvut, clairvaux, rou- 
geur, daumurs, bourdaine, dartreux, euphorbe, 
moutarde, chauny, amours, tair«/, malheurs, dou- 
ter, perrault, souscrire, verveu, fraiser, discoure, 
brair^?, goulue, jeunet, maitrise, fauchage, bou- 
deur, veine, oenide, retour, fleurette^ tousser, ex* 



98 

traire, neustrie, aiglat/ soury, erreur^ phalsbourg, 
auray, saucer, neveuj autriche, fourchu, haleine, 
peuplr//, couteaux, teuthie, renait, beanpre, hag- 
leure^ coulure, museau, pequais^ oeuvriste, mourirj 
flauber, aveux, rougeole^ vaisseaux^ meitrai^ four-' 
liaise, crpqueurs, fausser^ baisais^ coiiti, honneur, 
bravoure, aiglure, charnaigre, tournise, causal, 
detourne, reinettes, ourler, cederes, vogueurs, 
airee, sejour, euterpe, bourru, aurr/z, pleuvir, 
Bimais, niajeur, faisable, falourde, autruche, boiir- 
sault, aqueiix, phcenigme, sirsair, courusse, fleurer, 
traiiieuFS, aigrie, touffues, eusebe, trair^/, mairet, 
detours, augistes, drogueur, saisine, houssards, 
carpteur, tonueaux, decours, douve, repeuple, de- 
caisse, aroure, gommeux, seizaine, devrr//, renaud, 
aiFourche, gueuler, austere, poulot, laideur, cour- 
bure, aideau, margeur, brigueurs, saurer, courcelle, 
plaidames, schisteux, maudire, couleuvre, seraiy 
spathaire, europe, mitau, outrait, coureurs^ feut- 
rage^ toupies, aisceaux, maltraite, nemours aunee, 
laidore, zoucet, cenone, fourrer, taureaux, moulut, 
beaucaire, \errai^ arcaune, demeuble, autels, four- 
bue, cceciles, rougeatre, vinaigre, coursie, chart- 
reuse, mouchure, deutzib, cordeaux, ailees, guet- 
te-ur, bouhours, chaumais, h3.ixra?\ eubade, aglaure 
retourue, meurtrir, ainesse, fribourg, rougeaud^ 
haireux, pouss«/, extraits, Strasbourg, aphteux, 
causais, journee, ciseaux, euphrate, saumur, par- 
coure, beurrer, napaul, hourdi, maigreur, babau, 
queussi, mordr«/, ueigeait, trouvez, euclide, dis- 
court, balai, voussure, phaleuque, laite, bourbeux, 
vanneaux, pairie, haubitz, gourme, nageurs, aise, 
r.ouveau, emeuve, courues, daubeur, guevei, pour- 
tour, soubaits, seulette, ayri, panneaux, soudure, 
trainee?, epeautre, phcenix, troubler, breuvage, aig- 
reur, pourpre, fleurir, soulards, pauser, debourse, 
eudoxe, coupeau, paissure, sejouriie, aveu, mait- 
tairc, outi, torgau, recoure, saurir, houssait, plai- 
deurs, epaule, bouroche, laiteux, gourrnade, per- 
diaiy metrour, paisible^ coupure, fargeau, lourdeur, 



? 



auguetj laissais, patour, augers/, nouvelle, traiteur, 
boiichonne, epreuve, vautr«/, neuvaine, balourde, 
coteauxj sourire, dragueurs, quiuaud, houpper, 
austral, joufliu, ainard, ourlet, glaireux^ auguste, 
C0USU5 degraisse, harfleur, livourne, heydaque, 
bouli, gauffrer^ biseigle, fournies^ veuvage, bour- 
reaux, paitrcj/jxenope^ deraeure^ secours, faussaire, 
roussy, phraseur, courut, sarrau, euripe, brassour^ 
rou^satre, aumone, cheveu, ecourte, laurette, fleu- 
ristesj ouvrait, heureux, atour, peinais, nioussu, 
liqueurs, grairie, rousseau^ pleigeasse, distraire, 
Cherbourg, gueulee^ aumusse, jeudi, poulets, nai- 
irai, accoure^ beauveau, rugueux^ cercaire, tau- 
goursj crapaud. 

Trisyllables. — Nourriture^ euphemiej rebrous- 
saitj douloureux, suscrir^/, epaulard, boutonner, 
appaisatj fourrageurs, eclaircir^ cocothrauste, cour- 
bature, latreutique, rehaussais, assommeur, ecout- 
Ames, debraisez, giboulees, neuranie, surcostaux, 
eauteleuxj fourgonn«2, castelnau, machenioure^ 
maltraitaisj clouterie^ degueuler, naulise, mousque- 
taires, gleucometre, oetophore;, reprouvee, augus- 
tine, soupirait, clabaudeur, brouhaha, recourusses, 
iiouvelliste, prevaudr^g, segrairie, taupinee, sout- 
raita, pastourelle, defleurir, labourais, fourniturCj 
escabeauj czigithai, houssinez, argonaute, flageo- 
leurs, accoulume, butjreux, gastadour, caulicole, 
gribouri, souhaitable, eumenides, hypocauste, ex- 
clurai, ^moulut, bourgeonner, affaiteur, redouta, 
jalousie, soupressure, assourdir, fauconneaux, 
aheurtais, tapageur, degourdir, alaizer, fleurete, 
degraissais, remoulue, bestouriift/, maigrelet, sou- 
pesa, aethetique, dissecteurs, malvoulu, primaute, 
eusebie, calfeutrait, tourelle, oenometre^ mouche- 
ture, maisonner, aumonee, roupeti, marjolainej 
paraitr^/, accout^^er, jargonneur, secourusse, vinaig- 
rette, teutonique, cachoutchou, ouvragea, repeu- 
pler, exhaussait, bouderie, auvernat, dissoudrcj/, 
dehousee, fabriqueur, boulimie, scapulaires, accou- 
russe^ outrageuse, euphrosine, goudiner, rockisau, 



loo 

tremoussaitj approuva, beaumaris, valeureux, souf- 
flerie, happechair, boursouflerj oepata^ pneumatode, 
degauchir, rag^out6es5 assessetir, chafFourais, mau- 
diraiy dechaussure, celluleux, d6bouquer, minau- 
tore, recousu, desaveu, paissonner^ allouvi, cce- 
lestine^ abaissa?, fourbissime, caulacau, tournefil, 
raisonneuFs, saugrenu, eucrasie, ebouqueuse, doc- 
trinaire, debouta, effleurir, saupoudrais, cesthe- 
tique, depourvuj discoureur, etourneaux, ajourner, 
librairesses, lourderie, connaitr«/j escroqueursj 
boucheture, tautogramme, soutirait, glouglottates, 
heptateuque, rafraichie, deboucler, celseno, ver- 
mouluesj faussete, afFaitais, revaudr^?, pourriture, 
eorypile, detroussait, acquereurs, dauphine, mou- 
cheta, annonai, journaliste, couleuvreej privaute, 
accourut, chaleureux, reheurta/, oupelotte, frauda- 
leux, sabbataire, ecourta, deplaisJr, fleuronner, 
moucheroUe, forfaiture^ courtisames, sauterelle, 
defFergeait^ laboureurs, pauvrete, affleurais, de- 
goutat^ esseule, eclaireur, turlutaine, baleineatrx, 
couronner, epaissirj charbonneux, ajoutais, re- 
crir«?5 eulalie^ nouveaute, afFouguez, delaissais, 
pauletta, ouverture, ajusteur, ecroutee, badaudisnie, 
agrouper, raccoutreurs, leucolithe, librairie, mous- 
quetade, saugrenee, degourdir, oupurais, gaudron- 
nez, parcourusses, chevauchee resoudr^/, froma- 
geux, bistouris^ echauffasses, dehaite, meurtrissure, 
auditeurs, degainerj accourir, restaurait, desast- 
reux, moucherie, tressautat, portrait are, roueoulez,^ 
cenistice, haguenau, soustraira/, veloutees, reli- 
quaire, causerie, hoehequeues, troubadour, roque- 
laure, malfaiteur, derouta, sautereau, reboursait, 
couverture, recreusates, quatorzaine, ecrouler, 
gueuserie, chauvete, philisbourg, debourais, tra- 
fiqueurs, retraitee, austrasie, bourdonner, exaugais, 
vitchourat, automate, parfournir, eucologe, dis- 
trair«/, tousserie, plumaceau, oenomel, souhaiteur, 
accourue, musculeux, courbatu, affaire, bouquineur, 
pa^derote, euphonique, recousue, nietairie, dejeu- 
ners^ soufflete^ rehaussait, mauricault, vigoureuxj 



101 



r 



dechaussesj effleurage, arbrisseau, voltigeur, ra- 
battrfl/5 emoussait, demeubler, amaurose, filoutates, 
eurybie, maisonaee, fourbissure^ grumeleux, elioup- 
per, souhaita/, aussitot, cajcilies, boutonneux, 
cousiner, feudataire, raucite^ ixeutique, bourda- 
loue, savourait, detordrr//,, retrouva, epernaj, 
sauteler, detrousseurs, manoeuvrais, semonidej dau- 
phinule, souriceaux^ emoulue^ gelaudar, variqueux^ 
souleva, recouvrait^ depeupler, discourusses^ sauve- 
garde, vertiqueux, ritournelle, retrairfij/, accrou« 
pir, holocaustes, pleurocjstlies, epaisseur, rou- 
gissLire, persiffleurs, autopsie, dechaiiier, visa- 
pour, eprouya, repeuplees, augurait, soulageasses, 
palikour, hypozeugme, etouteau^ maitrisa, de- 
SDurdir, rabaissez, malheureux, coelicole, goujon- 
ner, laiteries, eurynome, balourdiseSj septenaire, 
r^cevra/5 papaute, ar^onneurs^ demeurait, faus- 
sissime, chroniqueurs, defourner, afFais^/, bouche- 
rie, autographe, recourue, forjugeaitj hydrauliques, 
trijumeaux, courageux, egouttais, mamelouk, pneu- 
nionie, chaudronnee^ alourdi, saisissable, eury- 
phile, epousees, tautochrone, decaissait^ sou venue, 
abaisseur, couplettait, aveugler, secourut, oede- 
meresj efourceau, degaiaeur, applaudir, dehousa, 
eclair^/, soupgonner^ apothrause, cafeirie, fruti- 
queuxj spherocayres, neurospastes, tourlourou, 
joutereaux^ outrageasses^ courrou^ais, tournevire, 
echauffure^ orageuse^ acousmate, zelateur, aqui- 
taine, sejourner, sublunairej detordra/j raccourcies, 
mausoleesj abouquais, desair.^/j tourterelle, phoe- 
nicurej calfeutrage^ autochthones, decousu, hyp- 
sistaires, bistourner, abreuva/, tapeinies, decou- 
peur, calibey, essoufler, rateneau, therapeutes, 
discourutj egueuler, prescrirais, gloutonnie, me- 
sozeugme, epoudrer, pleuresie, kigellaire, four- 
berie, augustule, teuthlaco, happelourde, etoupafj 
nautilithe, assainir, courtibaut^ decoupure, paBdo- 
nome, couleuvreau, allait^/, petersbourg, euphe- 
liiisme^ raisonner, bourrasqueux, gausseriej alour- 
dhj desormuis; renaitrt/?, remoulue, eurythmie^ 



K 3 



102 

partrotiblaitj amoureux^paraguai, surfleurir, boute* 
roUe, euripide, deboursait, cenophore, connaisseur, 
bourreltf?/, laudatif, octateuque^ vermoulure, ex- 
irsLirai cucullaire, pourparlers, coeiioptcre, nau- 
nmehie, pleio^era/, courbettait, belliqueux, pastair* 
reaUj depoudrer, oesophage, accoucheur, dechaus- 
sais, baboucard, leucochryse, bouquinr//, auspicine, 
dechargeur, carrousel, auditif, paisseler, euphorie, 
synaxaire, decousure, appauvrir, boufFonner, pseu- 
dipt^re, punaisie, degraisseur, carrefours, jaunel- 
lipse, absoudrait, echafaud, deg^ueuleux, raoncecie, 
argithaunes, forg^igeaij koupholithe, batourner, 
protozeugme, humerairej soursommeau, cater- 
rheux. 

Quadrisyllables. — Abecedalre^ equivaudrc^/j cau* 
teritique^ simarouba, usurpateur, autorite, marti- 
gadourj oenologie, araeuloner, gTimauderie, desaf-^ 
fleura/, thesaurisaitj pneumographies as&aisonneur, 
trigauderie, eclaboussure, uligineux, restauratif, 
octogenairej rebourgeonn«/, echaufouree, vaccina- 
teur, hermeneutique, soudainete, escarmoucheur, 
catacaustique, obnubiler, pseudodjptere, sene- 
chaussee, eumenidies^ corpusculaire, fulgurateurs, 
stromatourgie, aboucouehou, disparaitr^?, autour- 
serie, calculateur, supralapsaire, effaufiler, pneu* 
niatocorde, o&cumenique, ravauderais, surchauf- 
ferez, aumonerie, caracoulez, innovateur^ vicairerie, 
redecoudr«25 crepusculaire, communaute, archili* 
gueur, tournevirer, oedipodique,salsugineux, roche- 
foucauld, thuriferaire, cauteristt/, apedeutisme, res* 
taurateur, arraissonner, cestromanie, fruticuleux, 
autocephale, coutumeriej neganopeau^ pseudomor- 
phique, cucurbitaire^ appercevr^/^ mauritanie, ra- 
vigourer, cornemuseur, a^conomat^ tautologie, fleur- 
delisa, deraisonn^?, pseudoplepsie, autocrator, ech- 
auboulure, cataphractaire, gloutonnerie, anste- 
rite^ objurgateur, agdosophie, marechaussee, adou- 
cisseur, nigauderie, meconnaitr^z/^ dessaisonnait, 
automatisme^ bouleverser^ epilogueur, coenologie, 
iiiaugura?; apothicairej niarecageux; causticite, 



103 

pueumologie, apocrouslique, deuteronome, achai- 
sonner, diribiteurs, stathouderat, minauderie, epoii- 
monnait, haematopotes, decourageasse, anoesthesie, 
neutralite, applaudisseur, bougironnais, boufFon- 
nerie, depromettra/, ebousinais, parhermeneutes, 
nouvellete, autonomie, protospathaire, rubigineux, 
assaisonner, buccinateur, protonotaire, reconnai- 
irai^ oenophories, susepineux caramoussal, chau- 
dronnerie, oedemosarque, bureaucratique, pseudo- 
rexie, desapprouvat, eutrapebe, cubiculaire, four- 
neladoux, autothetique, marivaiidage, desetourdir, 
oedemateuxj amiraute, microcoustique, hypothec 
caire, pneumatoniaque, filouterie, holocaustait, ap- 
paraitra/, leucographite, desaveugler^ baleinop- 
tereSj oenisteries, pseudomorphose, terreauterez, 
caasalite, cavalcadour, menestrauder, eleutheries^ 
bouraginees. plusqueparfait^ pneumotomie. subur- 
bicaire. 

Five Syllables. — Peripneumonie, desautoriser, 
adjudicatairGj deuteropathie, plausibilite, hjdro- 
pneumatique, desaveuglera/, pluriioculaire, recu- 
perateur, rigoureusete^ desacoutumasses, leuco- 
phlegmatique, uniloculairej keraunoscopie, debon- 
nairete, pseudoprophetesses^ debarbariser^ tauro- 
catapsies, thesaurisateui';, secretairerie, chiquen- 
audera/5 pleuropneumonie, souverainete, eleuthe- 
rogines^ unicapsulaire, capitainerie, hydropneumo- 
sarque, tourneboulereZj pneumatologie. 

Six Syllables. — CEcumenicite, niineralisateurj 
apothicairerie, deshumaniserais^ toreumatographie, 
desautoriserait^ erjsipelateux, omoclaviculairejtau- 
robolisercf/5 oesophagotomie, hydropneumatocele. 

Seven Syllables. — Decaracteriser^/, pleurope- 
ripneumonie, sternoclaviculaire, hjdraulicopneu- 
niatiquc; anatheraatiserait, hjpophyllospermat- 
ease. 



104 



TWO SOUNDS. 



ELEMENTS. 

aa, ae, ae, ae, ao, a-ai, a-aii,"^ 
aeii, aou, &c. — 6a, ee, ee, 6e, er, eo, 
i6u, eai, eau, eeu, eou,&c. — ia, ie,ie, 
i^, ii, io, iu, iai, iau, ieu, ion, &c. — - 
ya, y^, ye, ye, yi, yo, yu, yai, yau, 
yen, you,&e. — oa, oe,oe, oe, oo,oai, 
oau, oeu, oou, &c. — ua, ue, ue, u6, 
ui, uo, uu, uai, uau, iieu, uou, &c. — 
ai-a, ai-e, aie, aie, aii, aio, aiu, 



aiai, aiau, aieu, aiou, &c. — aii-a, 
aue, aue, aue, aui, auo, aim, auai, 
aueu, aiiou, &c. — eu-a, eue, eue, 
eue, eui, eiio, euu, euai, euau, eiieu, 
eiiou, &e. — oua, oue, oue, oue, 
oui, ouo, oui], ouai, ouau, oueu, 
ouou, &c. 

~] All these ways of 

Co-a oua 0^ oe \ P^'onoimcinfjoi, oy^M 

, sound , < v' v' ' ' )>^ are made use of , but 
I one, one. « . ,, /' 

^ oa IS ihe oiiiy one 

recommended. (1) 



The number of 
combinations pro^ 
ducing two sounds^ 
is indejinite. These 
are not all used, 
though regular and 
fmmed according to 
preceding princi- 
ples. Both sounds i 
must be distinctly 
uttered. 





(1) The French Language is all over sprinJtled with the letter f, | 
through transposition and corruption in the roots, for tlie sake of 
euphony, of course. It was always, and properly, pronounced in 
the origin of its intrusion, and is still so in several departments. 
\t gradually grew silent, or changed its sound. Affixed to o (oi), 
it is now pronounced cr, and e, except in the Imperfect and Condi- 
tional. Such a duplicity, one may believe, occasioned a schism 
among grammarians ; some shouting a 1 some crying out e \ but e 
l^leats along in the lowest classes, whilst its gloriotjs rival, «, roars 
in the forum, on the stage, pulpit, tribune, and in all weil-tuned 
mouths. JE most be expelled. It is a sound but too frequent in 
French, occurring in numberless words under the shapes of. e, e^ 
aiy ai/, ei, ey^ ois, oii, oient, &c. and of e f)refixed to a consonant. 
Besides, were oi pronounced oe only, o would soon melt away, as 
it happened in the (nipei feet, Conditional, ar^d other words ; as 
/oible, paroitre croitre, roidey Sec. French would partly fall into 
the monotony of sound which, obscuring the English speaking, 



105 



ai sound separately, a-i 
«^ 

16 • • • • 



e-1 



01 

oe 

ail 

ou 

eii 



i-e 
oA. 
o-e 
a-u 
o-u 
e-ii 



gue, or gue 



• • • • 



gill, or gui 
giie . . - 
guer • • • • « 
giia, &c. « 



gu-e 

gii-i 
gu-e 
gu-e 
gu-a 



C rather" 



A 

gu 



Ki) 



7%2S S2^?l (••), 

caZ/ec? trema, or die- 
rese, is put upon a 
vowel to make it 
pronounced sepa- 
rately with its own 
> sound. It is some- 
times employed use- 
lessly, as in ei, le, 
vue, 4*c. ; and abu- 
sively, as in poeme, 
instead o/'poeme. 



N. B. Final consonants follow the same rules as 



i above. 



Two Sounds forming one or two ST/llables. (^)— 
Dieu, crea^ bluet, toi, zoi'le, lueur^ douane, suif, 



and producing the strangest contradiction in the Orthograjjhy, will 
ever prevent the wide diffusion of that language; and the igno- 
rance of the Enghsh language is the chief cause that has retarded, 
and will retard, the political freedom of the world. 

(1) At its introduction, the Trhna was, without reason or neces- 
sity, put on many words; as out, vue, cigue, &c. The use of it 
has since been greatly restrained, and even rectified. But the ene- 
niies of all that bears the name of improvement, (a word so 
significant, and, in general, so well understood in England), always 
spoiled the business. The Dierese, they say, separates one vowel 
from another, and causes it to be sounded with its own sound ; as 
in heroique, laique, Esau, Very well ; why then do you put it ou 
^unsounded, in aigu'e, argue, cigue, which, according to the rule 
of u silent after g, when another vowel follows, make aigueu, 
<trgueUj cigueu, whilst you want aigH, argil, cigu ? How will you 
distinguish /rt^i^wer from arguer, (argiier) ; fatigue from argue ; 
fatigua from argua, if you don't put your dierese on u, which 
alone wants the mark of separation and pronunciation "i Will you 
write, for no purpose, guer, gue , gud ? Can't you rise to the 
height of Spanish Acadeytikians , who spell argue, arguir, am- 
higuedad, sanguis, satntigup f 

(2) The doctrine, which, by means of the ridi'*ulous definition of 
a single emission or impulse of the voice, establishes not usual only, 
but real syllables of two and three sv>unds, under the names of 
Diphthong and Triphthong, being latterly absurd, though very 
useful to bafile the negroish patience of French poets, is here 



106 

truaux, voir, jeuse^ theorbe, clonal^ faide, suavCy 
noir, lionne, raab^ ouest, grief, tueur, youc, vierge, 
loase, ruine, muait, diese, bleer, jouir, troie, griote, 
haiV, triait, pouacre, riez, nuesse, koua, fleai;, 
hyene, nearque, cuistre, oise, dioptre, foare, riaule, 
puisse, moiielle, croire, viorne, doe, fiais, baif, 
veer, criard, proedre, loiiage, poire, vienne, eole, 
Stuart, cieux, coase, dryite, buis, fouage, quiosse, 
joueur, fiel, roane, trois, iol, juive, boope, gouet, 
tieble, douaire, sa'ique, foix, cuisse, brouet, cyame, 
fluors, lieux, poivre, ryer, inuable, fouine, blois, 
sieste, rhea, bleuir, noueux, fievre, roable, reel, 
puine, fouace, myope, poil, brieux, peote, tiede, 
jouet, miasme, noix, olio, theiste, pyoulque, feage, 
ciel, ouate, seer, lieur, cloaque, troile, foi, liuet, 
bienne, gaar, phiole, voile, trieste, suis, reanie, 
noeJ, sieur, couard, zoeges, goa, tuile, boesse, 
dryade, poids, chloe, luines, tuage, sciure, stoiqiie, 
bois, tierce, joab, vioultes, puise, yeux, thouars, 
miaule, ruelle, toise, grieche, sueur, ptyade, loua- 
ble, crieur, huaiix, couac, diedre, gluau, riote, 
joie, boueux, niais, goet, theatre, bruire, rouette, 
Bciage, joel, beat, couenne, miel, huee, toui, tiou, 
uiole, vouet, lea, biere, Suisse, loire, brouage, 
fluet, caistre, niai^ thyade, ouir, droit, oaxe, liesse^ 
bruit, bouee, triures, peage, gouine, vielle, soir, 
giogue, ruiste, couet, yonne, rueur, bievre, rou- 
anne, fuir, boece, yale, voix, nielle, aorte, boueur, 
la'ique, fluait, siege, tuable, cuine, biais, jouare,^ 
lao, dieste, moine, juif, tchaou, chienne, loueur, 
naif, tuorbe, siecle, fluide, saore, gouache, bienne, 
coopte, prieur, nuee^ liard, rouelie, siesme, preau, 



rejected. The learner, it is lioped, will forgive us, not to laugh at 
him by telling him that cieux is one syllable, and pieux two ; that 
ier is one in denier^ and two in denies i ion two in misaions (mis- 
sions), but only one in tnissions (from mettre, to put). Jn conse- 
quence, words containing two sounds, undivided by a motion of! 
the organs or consonant, belong to this article, and are classed ^ 
according to the number of all their sounds, but that of the i 
final e, simple weak, so oflen pronounced unwritten. 



107 

cuivre, gloire, yere, souabe, plot, broie, dieppe, 

ruade^ liure, croasse, rouir, diaire, saide, luette^ 

plieur, brai'e, truage, fouet^ sciene, eaquej pioche, 

nioi, thya, diaule^ moelle, bouard, vieux, cruel, 

douai^ kiastre, pliiie, boete^ giare, chiourme, huis, 

croitre, griot, bleuatre, piece, mouet, yorck, poixj 

iule, buie, moab, bliaux, cierge, rouage, pieux, 

iioe, caic, hieble, reale, mniare, froid, clouere, 

lievre, hjade, naire, gluais, muet, louis, proeptes, 

truelle, huitre, gueable, poete, scieur, boire, trios- 

tes, ouie^ pouah, liege, gruaux, spiurre, chouette^ 

diurne, croix, riole^ suede, touage^ creee, looch^ 

niece, quoi, viol, suairc; cai'phe, eanie, poele^ 

Heur^ hoir, nouer, druide, thyase, treaule, boote*, 

couette, huile, noj, brjone, lye, croate, duo, frioul, 

( zoe, nuage, caique, huait, brioche, soif^ prouesses, 

mieux, troSne, puits, loi, moise, coete, oeagre, 

'i suee, pierre, aernes^ rouet, fruits, choix, beer, 

I diete, theisme, cloitre, sciote, duel, fouir, mois, 

j pjulque, rouable, haie, prouaire, creer, loir, plia- 

' ble, theore^ huard, bief, fleol, jack, duire, gTueau, 

triedre, feer, clio, roy. 

Thrse Sounds. — Voilo^^ (i), idiot, nuageux. 



(1) This Diphlliong of, the offsprmg of corruption, is pro- 
aiounced oa and oe^ by corruption^ lastly reduced to e by corrup- 
tion ; which corruption was brought, above two centuries back, 
by the Itahans to the court of France, which then was not the 
focus of fine taste, virtue, reason, liberty, humanity. It took 
place in the Imperfect and Conditional of all verbs, in some other 
words, in the very name of the people, fiangois. Grammarians 
sanctioned the evil ; but, faithful to their Chinese creed, would not 
cure it by modifying the orthography : such, they said, wcfs the 
spelling of' Our Father's; who had not only spoiled the pronuncia- 
tion, but shed, by torrents, the blood, of their own fathers. A cer- 
^ tain undutiful son, not long ago, puzzled with the Janus-like o?', 
: dropped half of the respect due to Our Fathers, by dropping 
o and putting a wherever oi sounded ai. The less respectful 
\ change of oi into ^, would have been still more rational, and often 
; nearer etymology. However, this important innovation, opposed 
but with poor objections, is adopted by every liberal writer, printer, 
and the government. But as the oM popish mode gives rise to a 
difficulty, the Imperfect and Conditional will occur in the following 
Exercises, with the terminjatiou oi (always sounding e) in italici. 



108 

liniaire^ sinai, cuivai^ gTelouage, textual, boiro/^ 
athroi'sme, malleole, quilier, althaea^ saba'isnie, ar- 
giiaisj ruinure, theorique^ poireau, nouure, bac- 
triane, casuel, fructueux, diodore^ courtoisj realiste, 
diurnal, feaute, busquiere, poiloux, stylo'ide, dra- 
geoir, tier^a/, goliard, aerole, briguiez, prealable, 
aliaire, rueller^ rejouir, njabel, adieu, piissime, 
theoreme, galiote, pleuvoir, marianne, sinueux, 
procreer, vitriol, heroine, chauffoir, reliois^ zoo- 
phore, neuvier, poelee, statuaire, mozaiste, pe* 
rioste, croisade, acuite, theurgie, leguiez, fouet- 
teur, octaedre, baalite, lisieux, accroitre, suetone, 
thiviers, tournois, poljoptre, boesser, moisir, te- 
learque, caliuette, laureole, zodiaque, vScieries,* 
voila, thyrsoide, teruel, sarquiou, suasif, israei, 
gracieux, corveable, assiette, me moire, steatite, 
janual, pietait, luir«i!, oiseux, minuit, flageol, guer- 
rier, preachat, atheisme, pouvoir, senior, josue, 
souica, ciliaire, carduel, riole, poitrine, pirouette, 
braisiere, siegeo//, froidure, aloide, quiossage, 
reelu, cuissot, purgeoir, reaggrave, collioure, zoo- 
lithe, cabriole, detroit, theatral, diapr^/, iatrine, 
noirceur, ionique, gadouard, miliasse, reagir, ca- 
peer, daniel, zedoaire, alliable, trottoir, girouette, 
pineale, saucier, buissure, spheroide, savoie, visuel^ 
nereide, sthenyo, lannoj, actuaire, pluvieux, ca- 
brouet, viguier, feodal, chargeoir, rhagoide, groue- 
teux, mosaique, soleaire, danae, epieu, samuel, 
bezoard, dialogue, loisir, corsoi'de, areole, fatuaire, 
mielleux, vacuiste, coacteur, maneage, voirie, neo- 
core, poeste, jusquiame^ agreer, bauquidre, foet- 
tait, diaprure, poursuis, ^oiffo?^, veniel, caaba, 
tortueux, noisette, niobe, escouade, jovial, mesue, 
keiri, acquiesce, croiseur, pioler, manuel, coati, 
od'ieux, buisart, axiome, noiratre, iidoue, reussir, | 
clouviere^ diospyre, ardoise, annuel, fiefFal, arbois, 
garieur, ebuart, di<og'ene, cissoide, droiture, evoe, 
calliope, puine, zoroastre, boiso//, judaique, pla- 
giaire, balneable, fierte, perluaux, ruineux, joan- 
uet, patriote, noircir, proodique, d^iuiiete, tech 



i 



109 

nlope^ miroir, beaumier, ruisseaux, cocgal, tour- 
nois, suivoif^ fiardel, victoire, octroite, huiler, 
saara, theocrite, afiourmej ismael, cariole, moire, 
geometre, ciacal, bilbao, tritheisme, cuirasse, 
oariste, goelette, puisage, moiteur, dieser, coa- 
gulcj ptyalisme, cliartrier, vouloir, bivouac, sui- 
neux, pluriel, histoire, xiioide, baguier, argii^i, 
i.obeir, violemme..., chaulieu, boileau, casuiste, 
mjleeine, chariot, pourquoi, euboique, virtuose, 
droguiez, creature, triennal, styloide, terroir, lai- 
nier, eblouir, moelleux, cuivrette, cameade, filial, 
diurnaire, aicaique, maestral, fastueux, . aisir/?, 
kiliare, aello, pluviose, boitozV, mineides, allioth, 
duodi, aerer, mariaule, espoir, lithoide, coactit, 
hjgiene, preavis, cougouard, aglae, oublieux, pa- 
poage, tuileau, meurtrier, brisoir, astroi'te, cly- 
peastre, ahuy, raphael, reunir, victuale, mio^ulaiy 
scriniaire, putois, caryote, cruaute, feriable, cour- 
roie, dioscures, aonide, mutuel, huileux, neoenies^ 
permeable, meroe, russiote, froideur, suissesses, 
ouarine, ideal, yarque, mortuaire, madouines, stea- 
tome, piete, glorieux, chanoine, cjpriot, cuissart, 
gregeois, phthiriase, breviaire, voiture, arioste^ 
guepier, theophile^ alouette, danaide, salucf/, sup- 
pleer, tierceur, graduel, ouvroir, specieux, eolie^ 
immuable, briaree, boreal, roupieux, ecrouir, tois- 
oeV, nageoir, periode, ecuelle, recreer, aigui^re, 
choisir, eleides, couenneux, figuier, prieural, me- 
deole, ragouiste, cacoethe, padouane, diathese, 
georgiques, pommier, meleagre, ichtyique, maug- 
reer, tiedeur, roidir, loriot, clairiere, theodore, 
douaner, relieur, pleonasrae, brugeois, neophyte, 
prairial, hebraique, bleuiraf, oreades, cuisine, 
zoophage, meonide, struthrioles, lustroir, qua- 
trieme, dissuade, caseux, mauviette, luthier, inouie, 
chassieux, moineau, violet, miliaire, puisa/, jaleel, 
coopto//, sournois, neologue, geolier, piaulard^ 
duobole, fatuisme, per^oir, bestiole, leopards, co» 
pia/, caraisme, oceane, targuiez, carroy, alcyone, 
poursuivre, theamede, sanaa, brouissure, scabi* 

I- 



110 

euse, l)irloir5 monoique, eneide, Juliet, agrouelles, 
bourgeois, croitro/^, siloe, baissable, bustuaire, 
meunier, carquois, curieux, floreal, carai'be, ar- 
giiez, liguiez, tiennot, serfouette, aloide, poitou, 
bousquier, zoonates, actuel, mathieu, hanouard, 
puerile, bastiat, nuit6e, garouage, diocese, vau-» 
dois, yolithe, aureole, silhouete, isaac, piano, her- 
liiaire, jamaique, cacao, graduee, neotere, suicide, 
realgal, phthyreides, abdiare, rabroueur, p^ya- 
lisme, machoire, ascior, gabriel, vertueux, recreee, 
quietude, cleodice, peuplier, crealeur, fleatite, 
orfroi, phricoi'de, lilial, aerides, croir^a^. gaulois. 

Four Sounds. — Usurier, moissonneur, vision- 
naire, sa'imini, rubiacee, nausicaa, theologie, de- 
hoiioit^ agrionies, ypsiloide, perineal, ichtjo- 
petre, preleguiez, redargiiez, verbiageur, coex* 
istais, adonai, moquoiseau, archiviole, degorgeoir^ 
spheroidal, restituable, malgracieux, eleonore, 
tuilerie^ promouvoir, sourcilier, bracteifere, obsi- 
diane, epierrcr?, coadjuteur, euryalique, neoda- 
mode, diahexaple, zoophorique, poissonneux, ma- 
lacoide, electuaire, ferronier, aerophane, foliipare, 
aglaonice, tiercelet, demoiselle, baudouino^V, ritua- 
iiste, proerosies pasiphae, pituiteux, marcionite, 
moisissure, cycloidal, glabreite, geodesie, pigeon- 
nier, refroidir, caacica, pterigoide, esthiomeme, 
areometre, taenianotes, troisieme, persuasible. luxu- 
rieux, clypeiforme, retroagir, deifier, abildgaard, 
biothanate, leveroy, arachnoide, gabareer, pro- 
teiforme, iphianasse, respectueux, aumonier, deso-Aj 
beir, paragu^enne, heliolithe, mobiliaire, ptjala- 
gogue, mirepoix, menuite, rochechouard, ennea- 
gone, bermudienne, taurellieres, eooperer, supe- 
rieur, aloetique, dialogisme, ocjroe, gabionozV,^' 
abreuvoir, desagreer, rhineolithes, hordeifornie, 
redargiio2>, subjuguiez, gyneciaire, destitur//, pha- j 
risaisme, pourrissoir, seraaber, iulifere, theolo- 
gastre, hierarchie, degoiso2>, upsiloide, inarion- 
nette, iatralepte, tumultuaire, visirial, arsinoe, 
spiritueux, hemeolie, ichtyophage, diapnoique, 



Ill 

fieliotrope, echaudoir, geometral, fauconnier, n6- 
phropjique. cooblige, lithuanie, malicieux, areo- 
style, parietaire, bleuissoir, estradiots, gamaliel, 
damoiseau, ethiopie, recroitro/.?, aiguieree, buco- 
liasme, aeronaute, fatig^^iiiez, litigieux, bethleemite, 
psteoderme, asclepiade, auxiliaire, reattel^/, ma- 
jestueuxj leipogramme, serrurier, deshoulieres, 
leucothoe, cerimateur, nazareisme, barcallao, loui- 
siane, obituaire, affriolozV, barycoie, aerometre, 
icbtjomorphe, coeternel, lithiasie, reboursoir, po- 
lyonirne, coluthea^ asteroide, reediteur, marsu- 
piauXj iieologisme^ staphyliers, trochleateur, theo- 
dicee, fluidite, pouacrerie, aeri^/, helsesaites, pro- 
egumene^ mirjametre, parakoua, osteolithe^ foi- 
sonnoisj segmoidal, homeomere, epanouir, aga- 
geers, balearique^ preoccuper, agioteur, perseite^ 
copaiba, reordonna/, proprietaire, cariatide^ xila- 
loe, egougeoire, jasminoide, genioglosse, souri- 
quois, deiphobe, phriciasie, araneeux, cithereique, 
fiduciaire, naivete, preadamite, arteriel, sjnoecies, 
duodenal, hyetometre, paleologue, suasoire, el- 
liptoide, hippothoe, ouistiti, caseifoime, apietrir, 
viduite, dodecaedre, pecunieux, ooscopie, dihex- 
aedre, zoolatrie, nathanael, recuiteur, ichthyocole, 
aigremoine, stereobate, heracleies, legionnaire, de-' 
erochoir, archipoete, defectueux, stadiodrome, 
xnolybdoide, pavoiso?7, apotheose, pelopeies, tri- 
sannuel, cystheolithe, laosinacte, divulguiez, bea- 
titude, egrainoire, dyarrhoique, phemonoe, mesa- 
raique, alveolaire, polyurique, velleites, coercitif, 
ieropliore, fatuite, aeriscf/, sarabaites, nucleolithe, 
spirituel, eudioraetre, cramoisi, ethmoidale, pre- 
alleguees, redargiiees, neomenie, solsticial, vo- 
luptueux, roturier, deroidir, lievreteau, eolipjle, 
fluxionnaire, archidiacre, callirrboe, caesiomore, 
yolatol, hyaloide, exploitois^ audacieux, puerpe-, 
rale, theosophisme, pourmenoir, jecuiba, bouti- 
quier, serpiliere, bourgeoisie, oinometre, assazoe, 
cryptopyique, retroactif^ calvairienne, jesuitisme, 
accessoire, nicolaites, reajourna/, acariatre^ eneo- 



112 

reme, plagiarisme, prosais^/j evanouir, prdcxister, 
marforio, calabrois^ alveolithe, cosmibuenes, fo- 
liiforrae, tenuite, acroatique, mysterieux, tjria* 
niethystej cacoergete, neographisme, lixiviel, frus- 
tratoire, hagiographe, suaviteu^, ocythoe, stru- 
thiophage, arianisme, discourtc/is, synathroisme^ 
preopinozYj barioUire, egrugeoir, caachira, par- 
thenienne, hydropoide, poivrier, ulterieur, recre- 
atif^ sinuole, arachneides, zooglyphites, preo- 
cn(^ai^ piaculaire. abisa'i, hurepoix, scorpiojelle, 
diaphoenix, coordonnoit^ aeriformej genethliaque,^ 
urceolaire, neocyclique^ perouasca, glabriuscule, 
diipolieSj petreite, margraviat, abeadaire^ ma*i- 
pouri, ichtyolithe, preeminemme . . . galionisme, 
viceroi, cessoidal, pourvoiro/^, ruiniforme, baika- 
lite^ vinaigrier, lioublonniere, aerolithe, noiseraie, 
cystopyique^ prosennaedre, saduceisme, leocro- 
cotte, albigeois, tenebrio, paJeace, reasservir^ ex- 
crucier, heorotaire, redargiier, dialoguer. ' 

Five Sounds, — Physionomiste, avoisino2V, cara« 
phyloi'de, enneadactylej septuagenaire, irrassasi* 
able^ occasionn^/, sternutatoire, elaeaguoides, phlj- 
acog^aphie, oleagineux, epiloguiez, paroissialj as- 
siduite, oneirogone, hyperboloidcj stereographie, 
negociateurj tortuosite, eiseteries, pyreolophore, 
galeopitheque, hero'ifio^V, rafraicbissoirj cagiolo- 
gique, moellonnier, arachneosites, coracordiaJ, re- 
fectoriaire, homologuiez, exigiiiiej attenuatif^ dio- 
nysiaque, perineocele, flexuosite, zootypolitheSj 
machicatoire, amygdaloide, physionotrace, equi- 
noxial, terrestreites, ichtyologie, eleadroniste^ 
biblibthecaire, ameiiuisa/, panathenaique, eleo- 
meli, difficultueuxj hieroglyphiquej prestigiateur, 
aedoeagraphie, extrafoliaire, arminianisme, virtua- * 
lite, hyperscariose, equarissoir, coryphenoide, lo- 
godiarrhee, deboiradour, aerostateiir, menuisier, 
arbaletriere, dialeipyre, ideologie, coagulatif, apo- 
crisiaire, beatifitt/, cochleariaj yerdegerdique, opo- 
deocele, madeinoisellej abrotanoidej elegiographe, 
colenicui^ hieroceryce, feodalite, prejudiciable, 



i 



313 




114 

riotomie, scorificatoire, immuabilite, beneficiature^ 
hierogrammatiste, defectuosite, zoopliytologie, nii- 
sericordieux, dactjliographie, osteosteatome, suo- 
vitaurilies, opiniatrete, hipposteologiej anacepha- 
leose, verbiageassiez, curupicaiba, extraneis^//, 
homog^neite, oneirodynie, recriminatoire, poste- 
riorite, mercurialiso/^^ theriacologie, malleabilite, 
physionamographej archidiacone^ hydromediastine, 
osteomalaxie, variabilit65 abuissonneroxV, sacri(i« 
catoire. 

Seven Sounds, — Cricothyroidienne, inofBciosite^ 
philopatriedalgie, malacopterjgienne, hyoverte- 
brotomie, semipfelagianisme, stylomastoidienne, 
desassiegeassiez, cricoarytenoide, approvisionne- 
roit, superficialite^ sternothjroidienne, heteroge- 
n6ite. 

Eight Sounds. — Inalienabilite, spiritiialisassiez^ 
arythenoepiglottique, historiographeriez, enneade- 
caeteride^ familiarisassiez, philopatriedomanie. 

Nine Sounds. — Dematerialisassiez, thjroaryte" 
noidienne^ imniaterialiserie^. 



THREE SOUNDS* 



ELEMENTS. 



aya, . eya, sownd like ai-ia, ei-ia, or eia,") 

ay^, . ey6, . . , . . . ai-ie, ei-i6, . ei6, | y between two 

ayi, . eyi, ai-ii, ei-ii, . eii, ^vowels stands 

ayo, . eyo, ai-io, ei-io, . ^io, for a doule u 

ayu, . eyu, ai-iu, ei-iu, . eiu.J 

The rest as above. 



Three Sounds. — Naiade^ rayure, baioque, playar, 
chiaoux, caieu, riiez, drayure, theiere, aieulj bra- 
yer, rayere^ baionne, fray^ur^ creiez, haiiy, payee, 
gai'ac, ruiez, taiaii, yoide^ clayo//, ma'ieur, caou- 
ane, bai'eux, jouieres, quayer, pleiade, seyeur, 
coier, maia, bayeur, louiez^ layette, dioiquei 



• 



115 

caieux, rayaux, priiez, frayure, glai'eul^ rayer, 
boiard^ tayau, saiete, drayer, clouiez, quayage, 
baiete, tuiez, payable, a'leux, caiorne, frdyofs^ ta- 
yove, ideiez, maienne, layoeV, ro'ioc, payeur, 
clouiere, seyer, coiaux, hyo'ide, jaiet, muiez. 

Four Sounds. — Crayonner, trisaieul, agreiez, 
cuoata, relay oit^ scorpioide, derayure, minaouet, 
bai'onnette, effrayer, arguiez, deiopee, abreyoisy 
graphioi'de, aiguayer, procreiez, baianisme, tu- 
taya, secouiez, asseieur, delays/, perreieurs, ta- 
vaifole, segrayer, tasnioides, grasseyo/^, chatiiez, 
bisaieux, poteyer, balayure, meionite, essayeur, 
surpayer, camaieu, rayonnait, argiiiez, brasseier, 
sai'eteur, suppleiez, eneyer, corveieur, etayai^ 
maclouiere, bisaieul, essayo^Y, maugreiez, sebue- 
enne, bafouiez, defrayee, trisaieux, aiguayo/s, 
gobioide, clayonage, coai'ta, deblaya/, budleia, 
segreyer, crayonneur, leiostome, recreiez, egaya, 
baionisrae, deblayo/^, proteoide, balayeur, eafeier, 
expiiez, debrayo//, botryoide, copaier, statuiez^ 
crayer. 

Five Sounds. — Semeiotiqiie, redargiiiez, age- 
neioses, myiologie, araadouiez, alleluia, expro^ 
priiez, cocceianisme, redargui'ez, prosenneaedre, 
desagreiez, argyreioses, snieieroity diapnooique, 
evoluiez. 

Six Sounds. — Aideiagraphie, galactopoi'ese, 
hyoepiglottique, semeiologie, idioelectrique, re- 
distribuiez, homoioteleute, emayolero/^, aidoiato? 
mie, prejudiciiez, homoeomerie. 

Seven Sounds. — Thyrohyoidienne, a'ldoialogie, 
stylohyoidienne, desexcommuniiez, mylohyoidi- 
enne, sternohyoidienne. 

Eight Sowwrf^. — Coracohyoidienne, geniohyoi- 
dienne. 

Ten Sounds. — Sternocleidohyoidienne. 



116 

FOUR SOUNDS, 
ELEMENTS AS ABOVE. 

oya, 8fc. sound like oi-ia, or oa-ia. > . J* 

- "3^& 

Four Sounds. — rojal, bruyere, choyer, rayiez^ 
drayoire, ployo^V, goyave, moyeu^ gruyer, fuyards, 
soyouXj croyez, boyaux, tuyere, foyers, soyeux, 
huyau, voyelle, noyees, moyenne, tuyaux, voyage, 
drayiez, loyal, hoyau, broy^/, soyer, guyere, 
croyois^ frayoire, royaume, joyeux^ payiez, moyac, 
joyaux. 

Five Sounds* — TutoyoxV, efFroyable, appuyer, gu- 
erroyeur, aloyaux, begayiez, royalisme, pitoy- 
able, ecuyer, pourvoyeur, aboyard, plaidoyable, 
essuy«2, royaute, hovnoyois^ cartayiez, corroyeur, 
fuyasser, deloyal, royaliste, voyageur, ecuyage, 
doyenner, fourvoyai, fossoyeur, brasseiiez, tour- 
noyoit^ moyenner, giboyeur. 

Sia? Sounds. — Joyeusete, boyaudier, deloyaute, 
goyaviers, amanoyer. 

Seven Sounds. — Foudroyassiez. 

Eight Sounds. — Revoyageassiez. 

t 

FIVE SOUNDS. 

Five Sounds. — Broyiez. 

Six Sounds. — Cacaoyer, appuyoir, cacaoyere. 



I 






^r^^vT^sr^sr 



NASAL SOUNDS. 

Nasal sounds are formed by the sonorous air 
sent into the canal of the nose, from which it re- 
ceives nasality. If the mouth be shut, the sound 
is emitted by the nose ; in the contrary case, it 



117 

flows back to the mouth to be modified again and 
articulated. Nasal sounds, though simple and 
inarticulated of themselves, are always expressed, 
in French, with ni or n preceded bj one or several 
vowels. In fact, the pronouncing of these two 
consonants, either before or after a vowel, natu- 
rally produces nasal sounds in all languages, by 
maliing a part of the expiiated air pass through 
the nose. iV/and n are generally articulated, ex- 
cept in French, when single and preceded, but not 
followed, by a vowel. In this case, therefore, they 
only serve to show the etymology of words, and to 
denote particular modifications of the voice. How- 
*ever, nasal sounds, being natural, are anterior to, 
and independent from, all systems of writing^ and 
may be represented by any signs whatever. 

Nasal sounds, in French, have a peculiar sono- 
rousness, and much contribute to render the oral 
language distinct and clear in audition. Their 
true pronunciation is st)metimes of a long and 
difficult acquirement for the English pupil. The 
tongue must not concur in their formation, but 
remain immoveable ; therefore, neither n nor g must 
terminate them ; a very common defect,, which can- 
not be detected but by the teacher's approaching, 
at different periods, his ear to the organs of the 
learner, (i) 

ELEMENTS. 



an, am 



en, em 
in, im 



> express, in general, tlie same sound. 



ain, aim I expresses, in general, a single and same 



ayn, aym 

ein, eira 

eyn, eym 

CD, cm — express, Sfc. 

un, ura — exjjress, 6fc, 



(1) Poor French nose! How unfortunate in its sonorous ope- 
rations ! Foreigners, pupils, grammarians, musicians, — nay, phi- 



118 

Remarks:— c, g, q, and all other consonants^ are sub^ 
ject to the same rules before nasal as before other sounds : 
can, ^an ; gan, gean ; gen, guen, <^c. 

S between a nasal sound and another does not take the 
pronunciation of z, but keeps its own : pense, 

Final consonants are most commonly inarticulated after 
nasal sounds, 

Ent, the termination of the Third person plural of verbs^ 
are never nasal, but sound like e simple weak after a 
consonant, and are silent after a vowel. They will be 
printed in italics: Xi^ent — Use; extent, x'lent, joue/ii, xuent, 
paie/i^, diroie/i^— cree, ri, jou, lu, pai, dirai. 



losophers, whom Wisdom alone guides, — every body, in a word, 
shoots his sarcastical dart at it. The other organs of speech are 
tied down, motionlebs in its defence : 

fis feiiA^svos PiKos y I'Ovviv 'AWvij 

A'X/M'i 5' i^s^vSio vacpiX vstocrov uvOspswvx* II. i . 290. 

No snufF, however fine, can heal such a wound ; it requires a 
better unguent. Tlie nose, it is granted, is a most handsome part 
©f physiognomy. All people have aspired to the fullness of its 
beauty. Savages increase it by hanging to it their richest jewels ; 
and the celebrity of Grecian and Roman noses is imperishable. 
The loss of this eminent feature was ever reckoned as the greatest 
misfortune that could befall a human face. Among the ancients, 
it always rendered both the sufferer and the inflicter conspicuous. 
Hercules gloried with being surnamect Rhinocolystes, for having 
ordered the noses of some impudent deputies to be cut off. Mars, 
whose immortal valour consisted not in vainly perforating buciders, 
but noses, obtained also the warlike epithet Rhinotoros, A town 
in Egypt was called Rhinocotyra, because the first inhabitants 
of it had undergone the penalty of dire RMnotomy, or Nose-cut- 
ting. Jn short, the best recommendation of Caesar to his troops, 
at the Battle of Pharsalia, was to cut off the noses of Pompey's 
soldiers ; therefrom ensued for him a complete victory, and the 
empire of the earth. Now, is it possible that disagreeable sounds 
should be emitted by so egregious an organ ? No ! The very 
same sounds issue from the most melodious instruments, and 
delight our ears ; but go to the French Opera, in Paris ; Lais will 
completely prove to you the superior richness of nai^al sounds. 

Metaphysicians and Grammarians are not better grounded in 
their strictures than the sons of Polyhymnia. It is an historical 
fact, that the Romans considered the nose as the real seat of 
human intellect. ^^ Aaris emuncta senex : acuta naris: narls 




rompsj uns, vin, plan, bond, vent, frein, ton, 
blanc zain, champs, sont, clin, chants, rond, seing, 
kan, zon^ fin. dent, prin, tondsjSang, vint, prompts, 
flans, saint, thon, pan, vaincs, brun, terns, son, 
plein, bang, grain, doms, gand. pin, plant, faim. 
tombe, panipre, quinte, — anse, comhleni^ teindre, 

!- ■ : ■ 

t,obes(B; Tongilianus hahet nasim; mtijores nusquam thonchi, 
\ juven>^s<]U€y seiienesquey et pueri nasum rhmocerotis hai,ent : 
primus condidit styli nasitm ; nasutus »is usque licet, sis de^ 
I nique nasus ; nimis uncis varihus indulges; minus aptus ncutis 
I naribus : naso suspendis adunco ig7iotos ; callidus excusso populum 
I susjjendei'e naso ; nasutus nimium cupis videri: nasutum voloy 
I nolo poly posum ;'^ these expressioiiS, and many more, are faaiiliar 
to evejy Latin scholar. 

It appears also that some Parici or Parrieidii Qucsstores ima- 
gined to pass sentence of death by the mere symbohcal wiping of 
their noses, considering, very likely, the humor pituicosus as the 
animating principle of nasal bodies. Thus, by virtue of the deaths 
sounding blow, life was to be blown out of criminals. This mode, 
natural and ingenious as it seems, would have been very dangerous 
in <}old weather: 



i - 



*« Expriraeret quotVes rorantem frigore nasum, 
Lethalem juguli jusserat esse notam ; 
Turpis ab inviso pendebat stiria naso. 

Cum flaret madid^fauce December atrox." 

Mart.Vn.ze, 

Even, in English, the name of the principal operation of the 
mind, viz. to know, is, prima facie and audita, the very wordwose, 
\ metaphorically applied. The mind knows ; that is, sniells, noses 
things, as the nose knoivs odoui s. If this derivation be not objected 
to by the Author of " Philosophic Etymology," the triumph is 
oursj for he is the most violent and formidable enemy that French 
noses ever had. 

That the inhabitants of Latium did not articulate the final m ; 

that th' y pronounced nasally, as in French, the vowels preceding 

it, is a truth placed beyond all doubt, by the constant elision of 

j such terminations, in poetry, btfore a vowel, as in this verse of 

Martial : 

" Non cuicunque datwm est habere nasum," 



120 

frange, ongle, pince, blanche, noiiibre, vente, 
tinmes, pompe, encre, guimpe, sanglew^, comte, 
plaindre, xantbe, joivche, humble, simple, trempe, 
rhombe, france, peindre, trente, vinr^w/, sambre, 
limbe, longue, tremble, plinthe, grange, pondre, 
freindre, hanche, bronze, njmphe, songe, guembe, 
tii>te, londres, renfle/?/, plainte, chancre, domte, 
cingle, rentre, bombe, zemble, trinque, hombre, 
glande, scombre rincent^ tendre, ponche, tringle, 
jambe, fonce, scinque, genre, timbre, plonge, 
langue, pinde gonffle, geindre, penche, nonce, 
quinze, flandre, humbles, montre, pensent, feinte, 
gronde, stance, strongle, blinde, fronce, gendre, 
conque, vinmes, semble, monstre, jante, grince, 
plombe, centre, thrombe, cintre, contre, mainte, 
trempew^, honte, pinque, franche, guimple, sombre, 
change, singe, oncle, craindre, temple, dombe, 
guinde, prendre, pinte, bronche, transe, nimbe, 
jongle, linge, membre, fronde, dansew^, prince, 
congre, chanvre, clinche, ronfle, thjmbre, tente, 
longe, single, chance, inde, tondre, dense, feindre, 
bonze, Ijmphe, cendre, conche, iinreni^ flondre, 
pente, mince, blonde, teindre, rente, trompe, 
chinque, ronde, can<^re, fringue, tongres, ente;?/,ii 
cimbre, toute, brindes, ^trombe, Tendre, ponce, , 
c^indre, tempes, ronge, vengew^, guindre, lombes, ' 
rendre, tronque, plinge, chantre, crainte, ombre, 
mente, peintre, branche, onze, indre, ronce, enfle, 
maindre, monte^ chambre, grimpe, panse;?/ monde, 

DENASALISATION, 

French nasal sounds cease to take place in four cases; 
viz, — When m or n is followed by a vowel (both are pm^ 
nounced as above): 

am, an — ame, ane, ami, ano, amu, any. 

em, en — erne, ene, ena, emu, eno. 

im, in — ime, ine, imy, ina. 

ym, yn— yme, yne, ymu, yny, imo. 

aim, ein — aime, eine, aine, eima, 

om, on — ome, one, omi, onu. 

urn, un — ume, uije, imo, umu, unL 



•^^f. 



\ 



131 



When m or n is double before a vowel : 

atmme, anne, emme, enne, amma, emm^^ ennu, anny, 
mnmo — imme, kine, ymme, ynne, aimme, einne, ymmy, 
immo, aimme, ynnu, einna— omme, onne, onne, ommu — - 
«mme, iinne, ummy, uiinu, umma. 

IVhen m is followed by n (both are pronounced) : 

amne, emne, amni, emno, amna — imne, ymne, aimne^ 
€imne, imnu, eimiii, ymno, imiia, aimne — ^omne, omni^ 
i)mne — umne, umny, umnu. 

Lastly, when m orn is followed by h: 
omlie, anhe, umha, ynko, enhu, inha. 

Two Sounds.— A Asim^ province, toynbeau, enfiti, 
tribuns, immense, irompoient^ censure, vainquant, 
denombre^f, previnmes, pens^/, quinzaine, fan- 
^on, contour, tringler, gnemon, insgu, plongeon, 
vampires, intrus, oblongue, subvinrewf, centaure^ 
parfums, conseigle, exwientj ginguet, prenom, pan- 
there, carlingue, frangeons, korban, wallon^ dis-i 
tincte, concoure/?/, enipan, rhintal, furonele, bok- 
king, spondaules, gigean, concombre, impur, sen- 
see, ironquoieuty alun, memnon, limpide, araman, 
pompeux, engouent^ intrant, monrose^ shanscrit, 
rin^ft/, rentraire, chanfrein, jargon, groningue, 
absconse, steinbock, zorabaie, encourt, con^iie, 
ahstmvent^ eniprunt, honfleur, imbrim, crimnon, 
sjmptose, gencives, longeaie^/, fringante, quel- 
conque, teinture, nathtin, spondee, vaccin, bufFon, 
inclus, novembre, random, beguin, condor, trem^* 
bier, spinthere, blondin, pandour, ginglyme, re- 
nom, castrense, melun, anthribes, pin^faiew^, can- 
can, triphthongue, cylindre, grandeur, therminthe, 
bourbon, exemple, fringuons, membrure, airain^ 
liscanthes, ^auquoient, corrompre, hambourg, in- 
stance, bourgeon, nerprun, dauphin, centuplewf, 
plaintif, songeons, parvinmes, remblai, ceindra/, 
Dhrontiste, changeant, samson, engluew^, bouquin, 
lundi, fron9ons^ antraim, complot^ spilantes, in- 



122 

fame, septembre, nombronsj essaim, quidam, sou- 
vinmes, congni, intime, tranchant, bourdon, syn- 
taxe, zircon, ptilin, enflure, devinrent^ bombance, 
corinthe, jongleur, absence, rincontre, spheranthes,. 
aucun, sanguin, petoncle, tymbale, chantourme, 
continmes, ingambe, montroientj transcrire, hu^ 
main, sphondyle, angrec, dongeon, emphase, guin- 
guette, demon, rhingies, chanteau, complainte, 
harangue, persons, knantie, restreindre, embucbe, 
bondon, buccin, scandale, consonne, epingle, tjran, 
emprunts, montreau, arthron, vainqueur, ren- 
gorge, zaccon, maintinr^//^, pondag, sjnchrone, 
bJanehir, bronzer, pendable, chagrin, chambranle, 
loudun, subvinmes, momon, dessein, ventose, clin- 
quant, conjure;?/, atun, pandect, oljmpe, transports, 
mondain, engrais, bougeons, splendeur, indou, 
transmettre, onguent, vilain, encloueni^ surnoms, 
smynthures, timanthe, enceinte, cagean, dagon,, 
incvustenty autan, jonchons, empourpre, fringu/??^, 
hantaie/?/, gomgon, bambin, concret, defunt, jacent, 
comminge, comtal, sisymbre, quamquam^ confienty 
linteau, poiigo/^, transir, grimper, hudson, confins, 
brancards, pigeon, symptome, galanth, continre/a/, 
monture, jengan, bouchin, sermon, impies, henry, tl 
revinmes, tonsure, singeons, sachant, complusse/?/^ 
scrutin, koran, jyingon, rambour, convaincre, cha- 
cun, xantippe, staimbouc, irinquoient^ dragon, j 
engin, tangente,. controle^ insulle, ampac, smir-? I 
ringue, confond, apprendre, craintif, enfant, sagon, 
conyinrenti ringard, bisanthe, quiconque, dindon, 
accens, thuron, tarquin, ronfleur, transverse, fin- 
lande, retinmes, amnion, deatiste, linceux, embrun, 
bonbons, splanchnique, tocsin, camphree, tournon, 
flambeaux, gingembre, goujon, intrigue;?/, Con- 
corde, vengeance, rhingrave, blondir, manquer, 
tinguons, etangs, scourson, peinture, conjugue;?/, 
semblant, craindro/e;?/, anthrene, syntagme, griflbn,; 
flambart, contrainte, ahun, rembourse, steinkerque,; 
profond, engeance, pinceaux, contort, lutjans, 
sterling, injuste, rampaie??/, atteindre, decejpabre> 

i 



123 

jconfirme, scaphandre, obtinmes, fontange, euxirt, 
trempa/, nompair, sjmphise, tendons, commun, 
ainsi, fon^eux, brigands, tyndare, tromblon, sou- 
vinre/2^, ensemble, thuringe, fourchon, bandeau, 
cjmbal, entrant, devinmes, jonchaie, acanthe, ros- 
tein, decombres, succin, parfum, tambour, frongure, 
vintsi, septante, soutinmes, mensonge, renceint, 
Jioudan, maisons, strophantes, sympule, dourdan, 
murrhins, brandon, cingler, franchir, xyloii, men- 
dient^ quinzain, hamburge, ivinquoientj dandin, 
^lothon, bancksies, symbole, ourson, crampant, 
^etinmes, urgence, quinconche, bancroche, autun^ 
cinquante, physeon, pavyinrent^ compost, gingeole, 
saumon, tentant, crainbourg, trongon, jourdain, 
sancho, pirapante, diphthongue, sandastres, con- 
^pnent^ nonnain, anjiphore, plingeons, guirlande, 
strombeau, emhleent quinquet, longueur, em- 
preinte, transfuges, klingstein, surplomb, ordun^ 
guimbarde, concentrew^, defunte, inscrire, sub- 
gronde, acampte, enrouenty saintonge, champetre^ 
quintal, portlandes, zingel, plectranthes, tribun^ 
mangeons, survinre/z^, languir, combler, scouffin^ 
«ndrach, tjmpan, embaume, conspire;?^, fingard^ 
«pondyle, parpaing, sentence, pronom, bauquin, 
pantenne, gnomon, spirlin,emprunte;2f, thomj^son, 
provinmes, irlande, python, sympule, fongeo2e;2^^ 
trentain, ran9on, simbleau^ lambel, treizain^ em- 
pire, previnient^ plongeant, verdun, serein. 

J'hree Sounds.—Yiolententy distinguogV, endroit^ 
rhomboide, subjuguant, incertain, concourir, de- 
membrer, orthorynque, con\ oie;?^, demangeo/ew^, 
cinquieme, decemment, ponctuel, institut, inhe- 
rence, congedie/2if, symphonie, eucensons, brigan- 
tin. aodon, kantercans, synthetisme, calembours, 
importun, cismontain, entrainaie/z^, presomptif^ 
athamante, disconvinmes, jansenisme, backgam- 
mon, enclouure, contemplant, impromptu, authen- 
tique, cirquingon, thermolampe, sanhedrin, en* 
(uient astringent, comptonie, seriugat, Ijcanthrope, 
surhumain, confondront, emin^ant^ mandaites, en- 



gou«/, congruaire, adenanthes, succenteur, trans-* 
pontin, rempruntonsj incongru, sensitif, seauneron,! 
amphithete, redevinre/?/, panscrotesche, noncha- 
lance, hjacinthe, gourraandise, xodoxins, enver- 
jure, fenelon, licencient, strictement, consanguin^y 
prolongeons, contemptible, pseadamante, appar^ 
tinmes, banqueroute, compartir, vernimbok, sco* 
Jopendre, paranymphe, frequemment, condnire, 
hambouvreux, endentnrey conspuai^w^, saltim- 
banque, toison, chansonno/rw^, ondoie;?/, emp- 
to'ique, melangeons, cruscantisme, aimantin, de- 
cou&renty antistrepte^ cunctateur, devan^ons, in- 
nocents, insensible, centigrammey vendangeons, 
sjncretisme, transmuable, bigearieyns, enronaiew^, 
consentir, fernambouc^ maintenant, aaron, col* 
linsonne, transrhenane, intendant, somptuaire, eiw 
rage«/, liaison, as^avanle, edimbourg, musulmany 
contjuerir^ embleer, cahorsain, nonobstant, rem* 
ploienl^ stymphalie, ambigiie, gwerison, ehrysantin^ 
sphagebranches, jeitan, convainquirew/, ceutauree, 
implorons, anthjliide, franciscains, confiture, sam- 
matan, harlequin, somnolence, tendrifienfy antich- 
thones, jongermannes, clinquantons, envieux, an* 
thelix, macrorhinquqs, augmentant, pintereau, tha- 
lictron, rencontrant, reconvinrew/,^ enclavure, pha- 
ramond, courtisan, trisplanchnique, indiquer, tran- 
choir, dolemment, tournassin, angleterre,^ intrin- 
seque, fanfreluche, pourprendront, yverdun, piqui« 
tinque, transcendance^ gallinsecte, antoine,. phi* | 
Janthrope, insomnie, ablaneourt, eirconscrirew^, 
entremain, hanneton, eclampsie, reginglette, com- 
plaisance, assassin, dentirostres, rhamindique, j 
comprendront, purpurin, entournure, callyrinche, 
spinescent, mondificw/, besan^on, antonin, noctam- 
bule, condemnade, pyracanthe, spdndeasme, tour- 
mentin, enjambons, tzeiran, contrefait, anfracture, 
delinquant, lourpidon, chambourin, omphaloptre ; 
entretinmes, envoiew/, ralongeo/e/?^, pIantoir> re* 
ffonfler, envahir, nymphagogue, consomptif, ren- 
traiture, peinchebec, goemon, rederapteurj quaran- 



125 

tain, monstrueux, instruire, contlgue, adalingues^ 
zanthorize, escourgeon, sciemment, azurin, gour- 
gouraOj sicnedon, mesavint, embouchure, hypo- 
condre, transversal, vaccinons, quintessence^ em» 
brmichons, tourangeau, instinctif, inhumant, fan- 
faron, angevin, reblanchir, embaumer, bronchoir, 
incendie, innombrable, renoncule^ anglicisme, com- 
pensant, ceinturon, iuxembourg, ichneumon, cle- 
mentin, suggerons, endentant, xenophon, cjlin- 
drique, ondehlande, boulongeon^ helmintiques^ 
sanctifi^w/, concurrent, algonquin, fleuriront, ce- 
rambyx, encourir, inculquer, fourmeiron, concen- 
trant, scintharisme, invaincu, denon(^oient oison, 
ponthieu,- acanthures, gerlinguet, accident, con- 
gtantin, alentour, chrysogon, quacquescendre, cir- 
convinrenfy mangabeys, engageons, geomance, eo- 
cotzin, empruntcj/^, fran^ois, influaie/?^?, bambakin, 
sandebec, contrarie^?^, engon^ant, colombin, man- 
geoire, draconcule, athlantique, surindicte, buisson, 
ambresin^ Gompenso2>;?^, flamboiew^, antennulle^ 
vicomte, brodequin, fervemment, interrorapt, chi- 
eambault, oxjriaque, enclouo/e^?^, contondant, zin- 
zolin, rudenture, horizon, terebinthe, desembourbe^ 
pantalon, inventeur^ rembruxiire;?/, subjonctif, bal- 
daquin, goertan, enfantons, mingrelin^ construire, 
andrachne, refringent, orangeade, lycophron, pan- 
theisme, contadin, sentenciew^, ditbyrarabe, kaolin, 
recemment, emprunteur, cindulisme, transhumance, 
implantons, mathurin, contourno/e/?^, ensoIe^2if, pen- 
daison, incombant, sensuel, responsif, iutertriguej 
ambigue, ganguiej, tentateur, congeer, subintrante, 
sauvageon, argentin, conjoncture, strangurie^ at- 
tainture, enchantons, sjiiderese, pompolix, lan- 
gouroux, assombiir, pimberah, engelure, guingoie^ 
transniuo?'e/?^, deprevinmes, alexandre, longirostres, 
enrhumer, main tenir, contingent, dissemblable, ar*- 
marinthe, tympanon, decacanthe, courantin, theo- 
pompe, pourfendeur, brabangon, azincourt, bri- 
gandeau, issoudun, limbilithe, pyxacanthe, con- 
qoiYaity rassemblo/^j poison, inventant^ inhumain, 



1S6 

succedantj congruisme, anglican, phaeton, penin- 
sule^ contempteur, impotent, poulperon, siraplifie/?/, 
prudemment, cochinchine, empsjcose, inconstant, 
brandebourg, spongieux, labyrinthe, congreer, am- 
phiptere, smaragdin, derangeaie/?/, quinquina, 
pompadour, transplantons, cantaar, phygethlon, 
antidesme, contrevinrew^, puissant, phlegeton, syn- 
cbronisme, engeiidrant, boulingrin, saucisson, pam- 
pelune, courbaton, xerantheme, kinkajou, ama- 
ranthe, camerlingue, contigiie, restreintif, sanc- 
tuaire, exsanguin, chrysolampe, clandestin, mara- 
thon, stipendiew/, Occident, importuns, inhibant, 
staphylin, convaincant, alen^on, enfourchure, thea- 
tin, aorant, renvoient^ ponctuo/ew/, glossanthrax, 
empruntant, lymphatique, trianon, calambour'^ 
comptoriste, somnambule, demiceint, pedantisme^ 
engrangeons, lestrigons, agapanthes, empreindr^/, 
spondaique, postposons, insensee, conjugal, me- 
temptose, desemplir, anavingue, engouoient^ go- 
nambouch, con frontons, quinzieme, transparence, 
faoazin, engourdir, zedaron, avranchin, contex- 
ture, ardemment, injuries/, echangeons, cuncta- 
teuse, accidence, hongrois, syudiquoit^ joncoi'des, 
contentant, intervinmes, rajsanthrope, constructifs, 
anticour, sympathie, enfon^ant, imposture, lamp- 
teries, ralinguo/e/?/, emploiew/, commensal, invin- 
cible, inherente, syndesmose. 

Four Soe/wrf^.— evangeliste, sincerite, concevoir, 
desembarquozVw/, ginglymoide, compatriote, dili- 
gemment, inferieur, tintouiner, omnipotence, en- 
sanglantant, cucurbitin, montezuma, emblay«?, hel- 
minthiase, insurmontable, republicain, metempsj- 
€Ose, circonjacent, pantocratrice, infanterie, con- 
trihuoient, extravaguant, nomenclature, sympho- 
niaste, anthirrethique, combiiiaison, vertugadin^ 
m6contentant, echanvroir, aphronatron, somnam- 
bulisme, vindicatif, opulemment, biconjuguee, em- 
bryulkie, reconduire, impudemment, pneumatom- 
^hale, amphibranchies, maraboutin, endomma- 
geons, impayable, coquantototl, syringotome, an- 



127 

tliropophage, debourseront, inconvertible, chan- 
tournement, splanchnographie, agamemnon, nialen- 
conlreux, agilolfinges, calycanthemes, circonstan- 
cientj ensemen^onsj contemporain, gargantua, in- 
convenance, enzootique, aliboron, pindarisoiew/, 
ambergeois, cylindroide, arboribonze, coherem- 
ment, inquietude, continuer, desendormir, hydror- 
jodin, potestantisme, observantin, montichicours, 
environnantes, sinodontide, preeminence, catholi- 
con, intelligent, deconcerta/, anthropokaies, naive- 
mentj incompetentes, harengeaison, constituaieT?^, 
anthynoptique, pycnogonon, temperature, archi- 
triclin, turbulemment, imboiro/^, decentoir, capa- 
ra^on, impuissante, inhiberont, suspensoire, rhodo- 
dendron, oxiacanthe, genovefain, eloquemment, 
gljphisodon^ intervertir, accipenser, spanopogon, 
licencieux, topinambours, perlinpinpin, entrela- 
90ns, pancreatite^ indolemment, conspirateur, tinp- 
balier, enrayo/c/?^, succintement, cenomancie, coty- 
ledon, incontestable, lieutenant, polyodons, aa- 
dreolithe, diamantin, epiplomphale, heptameron, 
transcendental, sjcophantin, condyloide,. revea- 
diquoisy cherangoir, ornitborinque,^ pertinemment, 
.adamantin, lithontriptony independance, surenche- 
rir, printanier, andropogons, leucacantha, para- 
bolains, embrunois, corymbiole, impetueux, fan- 
toccini, sexangulaire, concurremment, identifi^wf, 
diapazan, engastrimandre, ingratitude,^ sterno- 
mancie, ecarlatin, phosphorescence, enthousiasme, 
Gontribuaie;?/, synantherique, fondamental, dipte^ 
rodons, nephrelmintique, evidemment, ultramon- 
tain, desageuc^oient^ deceintroir, introduire, splan- 
chnotomie, surintendance^ raphanedon, investiture, 
terebenthine, boustrophedon, indecemment, noncu- 
patit^ embouchoirs, ichtyodontes, exhalaison^ inter- 
rogeant, plancheya/, interstellaire, tetraspaton, me- 
diastin, conventicule, rejouissance^ helmintholithe, 
oxymaron, allangourir, suggereront, infanticide, 
competemment, transsubstanciew^, orthontropie, dio- 
i^esain^ envisageons^ ceratosanthes^ inscierament, 



128 

eontrepoldsj asqavRniois^ rhombo'idal, cynorrhoJon^ 
phantasiastes, serancolin, echaufFaison, teinturier, 
tambourineurj croquelardoiij impartageable, theo- 
Tnancie, omphalopsjques, desimbriquei-j antithenar, 
benedictin^ difFeremment/ califourchon, malebran- 
chisme^ archifripon, polyacanthe, etinceler, condou* 
loir, instiiuoient y subsequemment, syngultueux, in- 
consequentes, rhinanthacees, fontenoi^ stoiquementj 
anthesphoriesy desenla^r/f, symposiarque, heptangu- 
laire, precedemmentj incandescence, sacramaroflj 
amphiarthrose, araericains, hyperthjron, spodoman- 
eie, incarnadin, peroraison, amphjprostyle, spinthe- 
Tometre, encensoir, ronsardiser, pantaguieres, in- 
dulgemment, laomedon, insermente, convoito/e;?/, 
peremptoire, scomberoides, samaritain, encoura- 
geohp, antiphthisique, succulemnient, incombustf* 
ble, megalodontes, panapaniforme, intemperance, 
earoxylon, enchevaucbure, enneacanthes, Constan- 
tinople, insolerament, hambourgeois, jambajo/e/?/, 
edontoide, phonocamptiquc, demangeaison, zone- 
colin, commensurable, orpheoron, ambranloire, , 
consequemment, aldobrandin, engastrimysme, nie- 
lichrjson, instrumental, acanthopode, surlende- 
main, enfouisseur, s^^ingulier, imanteligme, desen- 
chantons, anthjpophore, geropogons, violemment,^ 
poitevin, tephramancie, basilicon, mesaventure, 
interpinnc, deconvertir, sanguifier, sjnthocrator,. 
eminemment, clupanodons, cynanthropie, symphy^ 
togyne, amplexicaule, bellerophon, champenois, 
vempi'uuieroientf leviathan, dominiquin, reprehen- 
sif, nonchaloir, peinturlurer, akanticone, noncia- * 
ture, gendarmerie, enceinturons, noctambulisme, . 
principaute, estramaeon, congruite, hippocentaure^ i 
jiirisconsulte, incidemment, alphitedon, lycnoman- | 
cie, vilebrequin, contemplateur, degringoier, unti- | 
pyique, cyziagan, automedon, tamaricin, enlumi- j 
nure, salmigondis, kanguroo, helmintagog'^ue, re- ' 
compensant, chrysoprasin, amphimerine, yaconda^^ij 
inikiuoient^ buzaii^ois, ribaudequin, embryottdaste, 
rieyeremment^ eurymedon; caranxomores; instil u- 



129 

teur, desenclouer, oxyrrhodin^ harenguiere, spon- 
dj^lolithe, excellemment, inventori^^^w/, niiramolin, 
annonchalir, pericardin, chrjsobolan, cangoximain, 
eventuel, gjnopogon, anthropolithes, moineton, ob- 
temperoz^, saintongeois, acanthoide, principiot, 
coalescence^ derompoir, tinctorial^ apparemment, 
centarier, disconvenir, lepisacanthes, perigourdin, 
ca'imacan, conjugaison^ mansuetude, archigrelin, 
nomocanon, intemperie, concupiscible, boursouffle- 
mentj polypaston, enfon^oir, crepusculin, negligem- 
ment, pamoison, anacaniptique, tetraodons, conde- 
scendance, estrapontin, recommandable, lithontrip- 
tique, ouatergan, contrefa^on, liquidambar, gingem- 
brier, desinfecto/ew/, angoumois, syringoide^ sub- 
deleguonSj insinuaie/?/, contrevenir, accentuer, sin- 
cipital, preexistence, hvpericon, plancheieur, im- 
prudemment, circonduire, oomancie, bjacinthin, 
empourprerontj mala venture, imponderable, cjlin- 
drace, rensemen^ons, alexandrin, langayo/cw^, dant- 
zicois, rhinanthoide, inclinaison, tolerantisme, sue- 
cederons, r^conciliew/, innocerament, indemnite, 
decameron, myomancie, hematomphale, intervenir, 
aggravanter, splanchnologie, confidemment, desen- 
clouoienf^ econduire^ incertitude, inhumeront, sep- 
tembriseur, vaccinerons. 

Five Sounds, — Ponctualite, reverencieux, inter- 
cutane, eondemnatoire, employo/ew/, cystothrom- 
boide, consanguinite, ambigiiite, quimpercorentin, 
succenturier, archimandritat, irapertinemment, de- 
pedantisai, convulsionnaire, thyrostaphylin, olym- 
pionique, hecatompedon, cinquantenier, sanda- ^ 
liolithe, intolerantisme, diaciminon, helmintholo- 
gie, amphidiarthrose, inconciliaUle, toxicodea- 
dron, ornithomancie, circonvoisin, emphyteotique, 
blondoyaiewf, ecatomphonie, angoumoisin, desas- 
siegeons, glossopalatin, ankylomerisme, incontt- 
nemment, almucantarath, sindesmologie, enregi* 
jnentons, d^nsoyoient septentrional, amphibiolitho^ 
contigu'ite, ichtyomancie, antecedemment, discour 
iinua/; inter trans\ersaire, erythroxilon, laryngo^ 



130 

^raphie, antlscrophuleux, incongruite, enroydes, 
degingaiidement, intercervicaux, contrebandier, 
terebinthacees, neapolitain, obtusangule, mon- 
struosite, imployable, irreveremment, cerauno- 
chrjson, pantheologie, hieroranemons, rempois- 
sonnoit^ brandebourgeois, scolopendroide, ompha- 
lomancie, archipatelin^ meningophilax, odonto- 
techiiie, thyropalatin^ ebourgeonnement, parana- 
tellonsj instrumentatifj spongiosite, pharyngoto- 
mie, iritelligemmentj conciergeriej deralingue- 
ysiient^ successivementj agiosimandre, valentinoisj 
ondoyoient^ antiloimique, ingenuite, degeneres- 
cence, archiechanson, convolvulacees, incompre- 
hensible, inhumainement, staphylodendron, anti- 
puritain, spontaneite, amniomancie, quintessen- 
xier, sanctificateur, epistaphylin, antilogarithme, 
transsubstancio/e/?/, amphiblestrhoide, mesintelli- 
gence. onctuosite, incroyable. innocenteront^ ou- 
trecuidance, circonspectissime, necyomancie, in- 
competemment, diatessaron, medicarnenteux, crys- 
tometallin, allemazarron, pleniprebende, diacar- 
cinon, parenchiniateux, decontenan9ons, conti- 
nuite, syndesmographie, independantisme^ longa- 
.nimite, survivanciaire, hydrenterocele, parfour- 
nissement, tinrelintintin, circonstancier, embou- 
^tissoir, palingenesie, reajournement, infecondite, 
inintelligible, flamboyo/V, anthropomorphisme, cos- 
mopolitain, intertransversal, contrepoison, indifFe- 
remment, encepbalcide, peristaphylins^ sensuaJite, 
convoye, succenturiaux, peremptorisfis/, ompha- 
lorrhagie, consimilitude, ambiguite, enoptroman- 
cie, panharmonicon, sanctimoniale, metropolitain, 
emberlucoquer, confabulateurj ichtyospondiles, 
incipiomnite, desincorporons, ensoyoie?it^ inflani- 
matoire, nephrothromboide, glossostaphylin, equi« 
valemmentj conciliabule, iconantiptyque, somptuo- 
site, cristalloniancie, auiphiexaedre, contigiiite, 
helmintliocorton, desenrayaiew/^ intervertebral^ 
anthropopathie. 

Si.v 6'(?;/;2c/^. — <• Theophilanthropie, ^ntihydro- 



n 



131 

phobique, irreconclliable, enterohydromphale^ com- 
pressibilite, antivermiculaire, dodecadactylon, in- 
teriionciature, encoraedienno/e;?^^ consuetudinaire, 
desinteressement, andrapodocapelcj impitojable, 
dactyliomancie, palatostaphjlin, anfractuosite, dia- 
catholicon^ infructueusement, conventualite^ iiifi- 
nitesimaljandrocephaloide, ankyloblepharon^ impe- 
tuosite, oecumeniqueraent, extensibilite, contreba- 
lanceront, inferiorite^ cephalanomancie, enneacon- 
taedre, pterygopalatine amphibiologie, nephrocata- 
licon, epiplosarcomphale, anticacochimique, cera- 
tostaphjlin, calomnieusement, oneiromancie, dia- 
margariton, apophlegmatisante, stereotjperont, in- 
solvabilite, enterohydrocele, imparissyllabique, me- 
teoromancie, parallelopleuron, interclaviculairej 
panstereorama, symptomatologies desensorcelle- 
ment, pharyngostapliylin, sangiiificatif, unibrancha- 
pertures, impassibilite^ potamogeiton^ trisoljmpi'- 
onique, pantagruelisoz^, melodieusement, indemiii- 
sassiez, sarcoepiplomphalo, pterygostaphylin^ es- 
tramagonnerons. 

Seven Sounds. — Impecuniositej kephateonoman- 
cie, antihemorrhoidal, deprovincialisoxe/?/, contra- 
dictoirement, inextinguibilite, trigonometrique- 
ment, incompatibilite, enteroepiplomphale, anti- 
versificateur, consistorialite^ immateriellementj 
Iiemoi'oteleutonj contrebalangassiez^ antihypocon^^ 
driaque, incomparabilite, perpendiculairementj con- 
temporaneite, ecclesiastiquement^ archiconfia- 
ternite. ^ ' 

Eight Sounds. — Megalanthropogenesie, intel- 
lectualisero/e/2^9 ininteiligibilitej angeiohydrogra- 
phie, sphenophterigopalatin, extrajudiciairement, 
aiithroposomatologiej panharmonimetallicon, ih- 
commensurabilite, misericordieusement, antidi- 
comarianiteSj incomprehensibilite. 

Nine 6ow//c/5.— Pancreaticoduodenal. 



>#^^>##^*s#' 



132 



NASAL SOUNDS 

l^receded by Others, without Intermedial Consonants,^ 



TWO SOUNDS. 



ELEMENTS. 






ien ^ sound 



fin all words whose teimination is 
I ience, in their relatives and a 
^ . J few others, which, in Latin, end 
j in iens, as oriens. These last 
j will be given among the excep- 
\^tio7is to the next rule, 
^ in all words but those just men- 



I 



i-in 



( tioned. 



ien, eem . 



e-an ^at the beginning or middle of 
\ words, 
at the end of words. 



re-an f 
\ e-in . 



tim, aim • • •a-in 

^in, eim • • ^ • • • • . e-in 



oin • • • •• •• o-m 



um 



u-m 



The trema does not separate i 
singly, but the whole nasal sound 
m, from the preceding voweL 



Two Sounds. — Bien 5 science, rouons, neant, lion, 
soin, ^mxxient^ pbaon, cain, bleons, mien, tuons, coin, 
scion, oeanthe, plan, frouons, cleanthe, oing, muons, 
leandre, tient, rouen, inion, juan, moindre, zoanthe, 
louonsi, muance, ion, kouan, moins, luon, iambe, 
houons, tuant, oindre, triompheTZ^, seance, cion, 
chouans, groin, paean, Icon, lluente, lien, trouons, 
feoin, peon, zian, nuons, couin, beante, sien, reem- 
hYent^ douons, huant^ flouin, viande, ruons, bean, 
lyon, poindre, rouant^ choin, cloanthe, vouons, 
geant», rien, sion^ nuances, meon, loin, creance, 
cbien, jouons, truande, joindre, bion, meandre, 
huons, juin, ceans, tbaon, poings, creons, sciences^ 
vient, pean, nouons, gluant, pions, caantlie, suons, 
foin, yon^ diantre^ poinkw/, clouons, puante. 



133 

Tfiree Sowwi/^.— Gedeoii, joinclro/ew/, sjrierij 
-conscience^ phoceenj avouons, coriambe, baudouins, 
champion, firmien, messeante, orpheon^ vendeens, 
influenccw^5 thjmbrien, fian^ons^ sainfoin^ recre- 
ance, ginguions, thebeen, tetuan, ointure, albion, 
phrygiens, oleandre, tintoiiin, droguions, argiions, 
mimianibe, agreons, lyceen, reengendre??^, con- 
fliient, istrien, simoon, temiam, acoint, telxion, 
ouangou, nemeens, geryon, melianthe, lointain, 
jovien, decruons, gureen, pension, decheance, ly- 
caon, Iiypsiens, empointe;?/, padeen, tlieanthrope, 
scorpions, anian, museon, sagouin, faineante, car- 
neen, tension, julien, mediante, reinte, chlorions, 
tnefianee, dechouons, persien, croupion, hatuan, 
poin^on^ pupien, surseance, thamnionvS, loango, 
t-egeen, ^o'mioient^ liistrion, audience, ideen, con- 
gruent, claudien, fringuions, sicyon, adjoints, lou- 
pian, acteon, coendou, daheen, friandise, pointage, 
nuan9ons, terrien, periandre, cosseen, affluence, 
delpliien, qdeon, pourpoints, scipion, louangeur, 
suinto/e;?/, catheen, statuons, marsouins, cordouan, 
amphion, sabeen, inscience, pithien, Orleans, xi- 
phion, thomeen, babouin, curion, tienbord, cutlieen^ 
coriandre, stellion^ gordien, epoindre, smyrneen, 
briancoR, besoins, fluxion, ocean, bourgoin, iam- 
bique, areens, prescience, indiens, mantouan, co- 
incy, jussion, remuante, dacryon, ziangi, chiendent, 
piseen, doleance, chafouin, boroon, stjgien, coin- 
xhent, scission, haleen, boseuant, lionceaux, bron- 
teon, siarapan, pantheon, oindrr//, lucieny eche- 
ance, trianthemes^ bedouin, lycaon, amiante, the- 
andrique, eleen, affluent, lydien, ixion, pointeur, 
concluant, cxedLuioient^ succion, combien, mecre- 
ance, hesseen, pharaon, geantisme, temoins, puan- 
teur, phlegreens, abluons, cadouin, alcjon, sarap- 
ceens, sapience, cockien, preambule, lysianthe, 
dechouons, chuintante, simeon, arg^liant, tinguions, 
mesoing, oubliance, leontice, mineen, reembrer^/z^^ 
priscien, agreant, fusion. 



Ie34 

, Four Sounds.— J ehnseei}^ suspension^ parisien^^ 
constituante, enjoindro/e/?^, boirions^ argippeen, 
desavouons, dessuintage, intriguions, reintegrande, 
coindicant, corinthien, experience, cananeen, re- 
imprimere/?^, cereleon, paragueen. bienseances, 
extension, appoinleur, creancier, embothrion, tze- 
tzelien, redargiiant, seringuions, goinfrerie, epip- 
loon, cartouchien, accointo/e/2^, poisions, saduceen, 
psalmodions, alcmancien, timoleon, euganeens, 
reinstallassew/, liilherien, exsuccion, neannioins, 
cjmbidions, teinturien, adjoindrr//, triangulaire, 
psvdracion, empointeur, cyclopeen, suintement, ca- 
meleons, jamboloin, subversion, anthraciens, ac- 
coincere/?/, barbileens, pandaleon, mesalliance, au- 
bifoin, corrosion, deinclinant, eleleen, deileon, cog- 
cjgien, ammoneen, froissionsj reintegro2e/?/, em- 
bonpoint, suffusion, nathineens, omniscience, sciu- 
riens, coincident, yelion, ammorrlieen, padouan- 
tage, distinguions, agynniens, reengendrere/?/, ga- 
lileen, incision, contrepoint, eternuons, biendisant 
helcjdrion, maringouin, elymeen, ouanderou, ho* 
losteon, grammairien, conjoindro/e^/, croisions 
dositheens, instiguions, cliirurgien, insinuant, ty- 
riantin, occision, condoleance, idumeen, amoin- 
dnrent^ hystriciens, laocoon, luxuriance, rein- 
struire^ amphideon, nazareen, amadouant, tubal- 
cain, transfusion, inconcluant, recrean^asse/?^, athe- 
iiien, empyomphale, bienfaiteurs, anacreon, coin- 
teiie, pterygion, amaseen, epointere/?^, dimension, 
jiabatbeen, suinter^//, concision, ambrosien, fainean- 
tise, haranguions, garameen, appointage, deicoon,t 
anomeeii, reimposo/e/z^, stoi'cien, cloitrions, zoan-| 
tliropie, garajian, explosion, saturnien, obedience, 
corcyreens, bienseant, psalterion, europeen, res- 
tituant, ukranien, descension, samaneen, talapoin, 
panlaleon, insouciance, pyrrhonien, amphitryon, 
reinfect6re/?^, succession, poinsinet, calameon^ at- 
tenuant, georgiens, xylosteon, moindrement, de- 
senrouons, baragouin, oenopion^ buandier^ aerien^ 



? 



7 



135 

mezereon^ recipiangle^ asmoneen, redargtions, en* 
verguions, autrichien, disjoindvoient^ moirions^ em- 
puantir^ suspicion^ accointances. 

Five Sounds. — Contrepointoient^ rentoilions, 
amianthoide, carlovingiens, inexperience, hyper- 
boreens, trioinpbalement, reinterrogerew^, anacre- 
ontiques, comprehension, ethiopien, redistribuant, 
petteuterion, lithuaniens, gal^anthropie, operta- 
iieens, subdivision^ homoousiens, sandernanian, 
dodecatheon, gastrocneniiens, appointemens, ane- 
antiraie;?^, hypomochlion, acleidiens, conjointe- 
ment, apotropeens, reengendreroxew/, paroissien, 
holoturion, polyanthea, dipterjgien, rehabituons, 
anazarbeen, zuinglianisme, tetraodion, mastoidien, 
apointisso/ewf, rejointoif/?^, acidifiant, hjpsista- 
riens, malacosteon, archiloquien, pourpointerie, 
laodiceens, inconvenience, cesophagien, bienseam- 
ment, enkiridion. 

Six Sowwrf^, — Aperianthacees, leontopetalon, 
cricopharingien, aneantissement, animadversion, 
sacrococcygien, hjpotrahelion, epoingonneroxe;?^, 
condylo'idien, voiturisions, bibliuguiancie, pteri* 
goidien, reinvitassions, aristoxeniens, desappointe- 
ment, angoisserions, cameleontroide, empuantisse- 
m^nt, hyopharyngien, reengendrassions. 

Seven Sounds. — Eunomiophronien, desacointe- 
rions, acanthopterygiens, epiploenterocele, genio- 
pharyngien, defortifiassions, cricothyroidien, re^ 
^o'lntoyoient^ syndesmopharyngien, arythenoidien, 
empoisonnassions, malacopterygien, cephalopha- 
ryngien, desappointassions, mylohyoidien, aeros- 
tathonion, sternothyroidien, perroyassions, hyothy- 
roidien. 

Eight Sounds. — Coracohyoidien, italianiserions, 
trifemororotulien, geniohyoidien. 

Nine Sounds. — Hydroenteroepiplomphale, pe- 
ristaphylopharingien, rejointoyassions, thyroary- 
tenoidien. 

T'en Sounds. — Sternocleidohvoidien, stvlocera- 
tohyoidien. 



im 



THREE SOUNDS. 



Three Sounds, — Huions/payantj crelons, veiensj, 
douions, diiaiTibe^ pleyon, fai'ance, eoom, brayant, 
rui'onsj sciions, rayant, clouionSj maiencej boi'enSy 
sayon, ayant, taions, myoam, deion, frayant, 
jouions, bleions, fai'ence, paien^ crayons, sui'ons^ 
layant, niions. 

Four Sounds, — Attrayant^ echou'ions, velleiensj 
airg'iiions^ gordyeens, suppleions, biscaieiij rentray*- 
ant, reflui'onSj pompeiens, effrayons, cocce'ien, ex'^' 
trayantj solfiions, euboeen, congeions, tarpeien^ 
obviioiis, soustrayant, ardyeen^tatou'ions, plebeien^ 
phorbeion, sebueen, cominuions. 

Five Sounds. — Stupefiions, replancheyant, rama- 
douions, redarguions. 

Six Sounds. —Agetoreion^ tolistoboiens. 

Seven Sounds. — Aristophaneion, 

rOUR SOUNDS. 

Four Sounds. — Doyen, choyons, bruyarif, tvoyi^ 
^ns/tayoan, noyons, fuyant, moyen, voyons, croy* 
ance^, payions, royan. 

Five Sounds. — Lamproyon, clairvoyance, ci»i^'i 
toyens, aigayions, appuyant, conjoyons, rosoyant, 
mitoyen, larmoyante, brasseiions^ verdoyants, gras- 
seyions. 

Six Sounds. — Imprevoyance^ replancheiions^ 
concitoyens. 

FIVE SOUNDS. 

Five Sounds. — ^Broyions. 
Six Sounds. — Appuyions. 



it^4h^.tf^^e*' 



137 
T 

Followed by 7, and one or several Vowels. 

' T, followed hy i, and one or several vowels, is some' 
, times pronounced like s, and sometimes retains its proper 
articulation; a gross irregularity ivhich the interest of 
the Language requires the redress of. Some of the rules 
respecting it cannot guide the pupil unacquainted with 
grammar, or who does not know the meaning of words 
subject to them, 

T RETAINS ITS PROPER ARTICULATION 

When initial: 

Tiare, tiou, tieble, tion, tioul^ tienbordj tieulet/ 
tier^on — tiede, tiedeur, tiedement— tiens^ tienne;?/, 
iieuAroient — tieiinot. 

When medial, in the relatives of preceding words : 

Attiedir, attiedissement — delient, retiendr^/, con- 
fiendro/^5 apps^rtiennc^?^, obtiendront, maintien- 
droient^ soutic^ndriez, entretiendrions — soutien^ 
maintien, entretien— etienue. 

I71 words ending in ie, ie, i^e, ier, iere, ieme, with 
or without s final, and their relatives : 

Orties, cljtiej sarmatie, cotyties, pliilautiej hel- 
loties, samogitie, hippocraties — pitie^ inoities — ^1- 
tier, eiitier^ rentiers, volontiers, charcutier, pas- 
senientier, bimbelotiers, banqueroutier, guichetier, 
usufruitiers— tourtiere, cimetieres, lingotiere^ cafe- 
tiere. tabatieres, fruitiere, armentieres, miroitierCj 
chocolatiere — trentieaies^ quantieme, peDultiemes, 
quarantieme, huitieme, nonantiemes, septaiitieme, 
cinquantieme. octantiemes, antepenultieme, iiide- 
finitiemes — altierement^ entieremeiit, trentieme- 
ment, huitiemement. 

In the terminations of Verbs, and their relatives: 

Batie^ garanties, chatier^ chatiant^ chatiees, 
chatie;?^; chatiionS; chkiioient^ chatiamesj chatias- 






138 

siez, &c. — contentions, suintiez, rempruntions, 
ereintions, exploitiez, contrepointiez, etions, con- 
sentie, repentions, departiez^ revetions, compro- 
mettiez, redebattions. 

In the dissyllable anti : 

Antienne, antiope, antiacide, antietique, antiorw 
gastique, antiennaedre, antiarthritique, antiepi- 
leptiqae, antiarthriditique, antiapoplectique^ antia- 
phrodisiaque, antiadiaphoristes. 

When it is jweceded by s or x: 

Hostie, question, bastia, mixtion, bestiole, mous* 
tier, bastien, ustion, bestiaux, vestiaire. gestion, 
bastion, amnistie, christiens, bestiaire, combustion, 
celestiel, contristiez, digestion, sacristie, immijc- 
lion, flibustier, adastion, abstiendro/e/?/, dynastie, 
congestion, sebastien, bavestier, incrustions, ques- 
tionneur, revestiaire, subsistiez, suggestion, chris- 
tianisme, pretextiez, questionnaire, balaustier, in- 
sistions, immodestie, m'lx^iionnoient^ celestien bes- 
tialement, preexistiez, indigestion, coexistiez, chris* 
tianopelj questionnera/. 

A2id in • 

Chretien, chretiennement, antichretiens. 

T IS PRONOUNCED LIKE S, 

(Provided tlie words are not subject to any of tbe foregoing Rules.) 
Irt words ending in ion, and their relatives : 

Action, ambition, additions, transcription, in-' 
jonctions, redemption, e:?^tinclion, conscription, ob-' 
structions, rescription, soustraction, coemption, 
intinction, conception, adstriction, componction^ | 
fruition, peremption, inscriptions, contention, sou- * 
scription, coaction, presomption, recreation, em- I 
plastration, coalition, intersection, inhibition, sub- 
stitution, transplantation, intuition, constitutions, 
exsudation^ jurisdiction, transgulation, eirconspec- j 



139 

tion, ponctaation, vaccination, indistinction, deal- 
bation, restitution, cooptation, subgrondation, re- 
troaction, superstitions, abnegation, resurrection, 
instauration, reconstruction, imbibition, inhuma- 
tion, coaptation, transmigrations, prononciation^ 
expectoration, snrinstitution. delineation, concate- 
nation, incontradiction, sanctilication, habituation, 
desulturation, stratification, extravasation, reex- 
portation, irititulation, coindication, litholisation, 
transfiguration, porphjrisation. exploitation, su- 
perpurgations, infatuation, revivification, desin- 
cameration, immatriculation, mercurification, re- 
conciliation, discontinuation, excommunications, 
reappreciation, alcoholisalion, corporification, pre- 
determination, reedification, antioccupaiion^ spi- 
ritualisation. — actionner, actionnant actionne, ac- 
tionnons, actionnaire, nationaux, fractionnaire, ra- 
tionnel, perfectionne/?^, tortionnaire, fonctionnaires, 
rational, dictionnaire, refectionnes, stationai, fic- 
tionnaire, ambitionn^/, ambitionnasse??/, addition- 
nais, additionnels, mentionnero/e/^i^, conditionnee, 
cautionnions. cautionnement, affectionnerew^, con- 
ventionnel, rationatif, munitionnaire, precautionn^/, 
conditionnelle, retentionnaire, dictionariste, pro- 
portionnof/, intentionnel, petitionnaires, correc- 
tionnel, concept ionnaire, perfectionnement, dis- 
proportionno/e/?/, constitutionnel, expeditionnaire, 
nationalite, afFectionnement, jurisdictionnel, bene- 
dictionnaire, antinational, insurrectionnel, pro-* 
portionneileraent, inconstiliitionnei, revolutionne- 
Yoienf^ condition nellement, anticonstitutionnaireSy 
inconstitutionnalite, anticonstitutionneliement. 

When followed by ia, iai, io, iau, ieu, iel. Most of 
these words derive from the preceding in ion, or have c 
or s in their roots. They will all he classed, in the 
Second Part, among the exceptions. 

Martial, factieux, petiole, actiaque, captieuse, 
miltiade, partiaux, spartiates, nuptial, essentiel^ 
silentiaire^ devotieux, abatial^ nicotiane, substan- 



140 

iiel, ambltleux, infortiat^ initial, seditieuses, acti^ 
atique, impartial, contentieux, potential, solstitial, 
comitiaux, insatiable, partialiste, primatiale, face- 
tieux, difFerentiel, partialement, ratiocinofe/?/, pe- 
nitential, initiatif, pestilentieux, excrementiel, re* 
credentiaire, partiaiite, consubstantiel, captieuse- 
nient, reverentielle, penitentiaux, exponentiel, su- 
perstitienses, impartialement, plenipotentiaire, 
essentiellement, propitiation, impartialite, face- 
tieusement, initiation, propitiatoire, consubstan* 
tialite, differentiation, superstitieusement, trans- 
substantiation, consubstantiellement, insatiabilite, 
ratiocination, antipestilentiel^ partialisassiez, con- 
substantiation. 

In words ending in lewcQ, and their relatives : 

Patience, impatience, patiente, impatients, par 
tiemment, impatiemment, impatienter, patientions, 
impatientero/67?/— sapientiaux, obedientiel. 

In names and adjectives in ien, and their relatives : 

Titien, rhetiens, artien, brutiens, gratien, veni- 
tienne, domitien, egyptiens, helvetiennes, beotien, 
nepotiens, thesprotiens, goetien, pretutiens, le- 
pontiennes, horatien, aetiens, vocontiens, taulan- 
tiens, dioeletien, dassaretiens. 

And in these ivords, most from the Latin tia, tiae : 

Betie, beotie, facetie, inertie, croatie, goetie, 
minutie, dalmatie, calvitie, prophetie, grenetie, 
primatie, argutie, peripetie, theociatie, imperitie, 
democratie, suprematie, ochlocratie, onirocratie, 
cynecocratie, aristocratic, onirocritie — balbutier, 
balbutiant, balbutie, balbutie, balbutions, balbu- 
iioienty initier, initiees, imiienf^ initiions, ini- 
tiames. 

ISr. B. There are many words with the termination ion, 
in which t is differently pronounced according to their 
various grammatical Jiatures or meanings* Hereafter, 
it will he printed in italics, when jyronounced like s. 

Nous dictions, a verb : we dictated; dicdons^ a 



I 



141 

noun: dictions; options v^ opdons w; dations v^ 
clarions n ; notions t;, notions n ; rations t), ra- 
tions n ; portions v^ pordons n ; mentions v^ men- 
tions n ; desertions v^ deserdons n ; adoptions v^ 
adoptions /z ; exceptions t), exceptions ;z; refrac- 
tions D, refrac/ions w; collections t, coUecdons n ; 
inspections v^ inspections n ; acceptions v^ accep- 
tions n ; detractions v^ detracdons n ; infections v, 
infecdons n ; intentions v^ intensions n ; assertions 
v^ assertions n: relations, i;, relations n; objec- 
tions V, objecdons n ; injections Vy injecdons n ; af- 
fections 'Vj affec/ions n ; contentions v^ conten- 
tions n ; inventions v, inventions n ; translations v^ 
translations n ; editions v^ editions n ; retractions 
i?5 retracdons /2 ; attentions t:)^ attendons w; emo- 
tions v^ emotions n ; contractions i), contractions n ; 
legislations v^ legisladons ^ ; interjections v^ inters 
jecfionsn; persecutions v^ persecutions /z; desin- 
fections v^ desinfecdons n ; interceptions v^ inter- 
ceptions /z; executions t?^ executions/^. 



«sr^<r>^^^ 



' GN SALIt^AL. 

When gu cn*e medial, commonly g is inariicidated, 
mid n has a particular salival ^pronunciation, for which 
both are (superfluously) called gn mouilles (icet gn). 
These sad ruins of gn, consist in applying the tip of the 
tongue to the under teeth, then laying flat the jniddle of 
the tongue over the palate, and separating them with 
a little watery noise. 

One Sound, — Bagne, signe, daigne;?/, rogne^ 
lignesj gagne, regne, borgne, ceigne;//, digne, 
craigne, trogne, feigne^ pagne, cligne^ teigne, 
cogne, plaigne, vigne, hergne, peigne grogne, 
cjgne, baigne, lorgne/?^, guigne, saigne. 

Two Sounds, — Mignon, grogno?/^ joigne, ma- 
ligne, cognac, ligneux, ognon, bourgogne, cham- 
jpagne^ enseigne/?^, agneaux^ borgnesse, vignobie^ 



142 

montagne^ seigneur, eigne, peignoxVw^, megnie^ 
bi ugnon. gascogne, signal, duegne, trepigne, beig- 
nets, cagnard, chataigne, saigna/, insigne, pologne, 
tignon, ascagne, vignette, aignan, gagner, ver- 
gogne, niignard, lignee, repugne, consigne, bag* 
neres, pagnote, ignare, pignon, renfrognew/, barg- 
neux, romagne, ignoble, craignant, benigne, teig- 
nasse, regnoient^ poigne, boulogne, trognon, cog- 
nees, sardaigne, teigneux, grignan, indigne, cam- 
pagne, clugny, ivrogncj ence'ignent^ lignon, for- 
ligne, cocagne, gagnage, douegne, cagneuses, 
cigogne, rognon, auvergne, guigner, restreigne/?^, 
dordogne, chignon, provigne, impngne, guignard, 
eharogne, dignant, espagne, benigne, signaux, cog- 
ger, bretagne, soussigne. 

Three Sounds. — Charlemagne, dignitaire, sou*- 
ligna/, lumignon, peignions, agnelet, frontignan^j 
baignoir, designo/e;??^, magnetisme, avignon, cur- 
viligne, monseigneur, ignorance, rechignere/2^5 
clignement, grignoter, allemagne, bourguignonj^ 
interregne, campagnards, poignee, dignite, bag- 
nolet, colignac, encognure^ epargno/e/?/, ternoigne, 
magnanioie, taulignan, vergognenx, assignats, ma- 
quignon, araignee, signandaire, impregn«2, dig- 
noter, epagneul, repugnance, pourceaugnac, raig- 
nardises, moignon, clignions, saignement, depeig- 
nirent^ impugner, soigneuses, rossignol, castag- 
nettes, mignature, draguignant, rectiligne, con-i 
Iraignable, engignour, carmagnole, adjoigne, tre- 
pigno/r;//, orignac,'^ perpignan, barguigneur, vig- 
aieron, dedaigneuses, musaraigne, signature, poig- 
nant, champignon, espagnols, cognoir, lignager^ 
niontagneux, lu^ignan, dessaignere/z^, grognement, 
compagnon, egratigne, croquignole, armagnac^ 
lavignon, dignement, ]oignoienty mixtiligne, og^ 
nonet, marignan, compagnies, chantignole, au- 
bigny, montagnard. 

Fo?ir Sounds* — Enseignement, reassigner^/?^, 
clignotions, cognassier, eteignoir, malignite, ig- 
nominie, seigneurial, ognonniere, enfreignionsj 



143 

-dejoigno/ew^, signalement, bourgnigiionisrae, te^ 
moignage, igiiorantin, resignataire, poignardc//, 
decognoir, empoigno/^, maquignonage, egratig- 
-iiure, grinotions, indignement, magnetisasse^?^, la^ 
moignan, benignite, oignement, enguignonej saig- 
notions. 

Fixe Sounds. — Magnanituite, designations, amig- 
notions, soigneusement, acagnarderoVe/2^5 detigno- 
nionSj insignifiance, resignadon, champignoniere, 
espagnoliser, indignation, magnifiquement, accom- 
pagnateur, consignation^ eloignenient, degaig* 
noniez. 

Six Sounds. — Significations, nionseigneurise- 
Toienty reassignadon. 

Seven Sounds. — Ignominieusement. 

N,B, gn initial are both properly articulated^ that 
is, are not sallval : 

Gnome, gnide, gnemon, gnavelle, gnomide, 
gnidie, gnostiques, gnomon, gnomique, gnidienne^ 
gnosimaques, gnomonique. 






L AND LL SALIVAL. 

L and 11 preceded by \y and followed by a vowel, or 
being final, have generally a salival promtnciation, and 
sometimes retain the proper one. The salival articulation 
ejl and 11, also called mouillees (wet), is nearly the same 
^s that of^n mouilles, described in the preceding article ; 
XL and 1 being of the same organs, the palate and tongue, 
'Only it appears that, in pronouncing \, the tough'e ex- 
pands itself more widely and closely over the palate ; its 
point applying likewise to the under teeth, but no breath 
issuing through the nose, as it does with u(l). The 



(I) It is exactly the same pronunciation as that of the Spanish //, 
and lta,Y\?in gl schiacciato, inoLle, by which it is ordinarily lig'ured ; 
an imperfect, careless and dirty articulating of the pretended 
soft /, which is still more enervated, and reduced to non entity iu 



144 

tietter i, which dlwctys precedes 1 a7idU, a^ the primary 
cause of their saiivahi^ss, is silent after one or several 
vowels; .so ail, eil, euil, ouil, are pronounced, with 1 sali- 
val, al, el, eul, oul; hut i being alone, or preceded by u 
silent after g and q, must necessarily be sounded, 

SALIVAL PRONUNCIATION. 

A single 1 is salival only in the terminations ail, eil, 
euil, ouil: 

Bail, deuil, mails, seuils, dail, pareil, bercail, 
fauteuils, conseil, plumail, fenouil, auteuil, details, 
eveilj ventail, chevreuil, negueil, tramail, vieil,H 
portailsj reseuil, betail, ortqil^ bouvreuil, email, 
vermeils, corail, sommeil, linceiiil, camails, reyeil^ 
burail, cerfeuil, corbeil, travail, fenouils, soleil, 
vantail, appareil, gouvernails, ecureuils, poitrail, 
nompareil, borozail, chevrefeuil, eveiitail, soupirail, 
attirail, epouvantails. 

In these words, wherein uei irregularly sound eu, as 
in their relatives : 

Accueil, cercueils, eciieil, orgueil, recueils — in 
negoeil, oei sounding e — in the word ceil, pronounced 
eil, and oftener euil, as in its relatives — and in avril, 
gresil, peril. 

A double 1 is generally salival, except in words be- 
ginning with ill : 

Fille, ioWlent^ veille, cueille, houille, oille, cailles, 
feuille, strille, bouille/2^,maille, drill e, souille, treille, 
paille, grille/?^, pouille, traille, bille, veuille, 
brouille, aillent^ teille, quille, bailies, fouille, tille; 



the babish mouths of our he and she-dells. Bein^ the corrup- 
tion of a corruption, and a lie of the spelling, it has lately been 
favoured with a gracious reception by certain grammar and dic- 
tionary-masons, who represent, for instance, /Hie, soleil, bataille, 
^Jetiller, meilleur^ bomllant, bouillir, ifc, by J"ie, sole'ie, batale, , 
pet'U, we'ieur, bouian, bou'lir. The new rule, it appears, has also 
a respectable suite of exceptions, and is, therefore, very fit for 
science. 



145 

cueill^;?^, raille^ mouille, seille, vrille, douille, 
braille, squille, \ei\\ent^ rouille, copneille, brill- 
pient^ muraille, bastille, patrouille, tailleur, billet, 
volaille, groseille, roupille, taillant, grenouille, 
maillard, bouillir, bisbille, empouille, accueillew^, 
anguille, boiiteille, noailles, chatouille, siller, cuil- 
lere, mantille, ferraille, gazouille^z^, treillage, be- 
tille, andouille, sommeillew^, chenille, fouillo/^, 
vetille, maillet, cornouilles, pilleur, veiller, be- 
quille, Versailles, feuillaiit, sautillew^, quenouille, 
vermeille, blanquille, douillet, cisailles, ver- 
TouiWent^ gentille, graillon, veillaque, entrailles, 
millet, oseille, billards, mouillozY, sillons, fon- 
^ailles^ touillaud, oneille, filleul, limaille, jantille, 
souillard, ceillets, tillac, favouille, broussailles, 
feuillets, vailly, griWoient^ tauraille, merveille, guil- 
lestre, vaillant, faucille, peautraille, oeillere, pil- 
lage, abeille, jaillir, quintille, eanaille, veilleur, 
haillon, sillet, entaille, etrillew/, tilleul, brouillards, 
juillet, imbroille, meilleurs, mangeaille, corbeille, 
jonquille, soulWoient^ billon, ouailles, veillane, 
ibrilla/, ailleurs, citrouille, courtille, teiller, gueu- 
saille, neuilly, bailleul, crebillon, grapillo2Y, mai- 
jnaille, pouillerie, gentillesse, cornouiller, rimail- 
lleurs, mascarille, gribouillage, effeuill^rew/, vic- 
ituailles, chantilly, merveilleuses, houspillon, cueil- 
loir, pendillo/e^?^, grenouillere, oreiller, effon- 
j drilles, funerailles, brouillement, conseillasse/z^, 
jdefaillante, peccadille, oeilleton, nompareille, bous- 
jilleur, charbouiller, criaillcf/, bernouilli, malveil* 
jlance, brailliez, graillement, depouiller^'w^, sour- 
jcilleux, raiilerie, papillon, coailler, santillane, cho- 
caillon, surveillo/.?, tailloir, marguiller, corbillards, 
taillevent, armadille, tourbillon, recueillirew^, vail- 
lamment, brusquembille, oreillons, perilleux, cor- 
nouaille, reveille/, castillan, bouilloire, fusillo/ew/, 
inarceillan, cremaillere, saiitiller, ranguillon, nique- 
douille, caillement, e^os\l\ent^ persille, raenuaille, 
brouillerie, semillante, courcaillet, tillions, guil- 
locher, rabouillere, bouvillon, andilly, infaillible, 



verrouillasse;?^, 
beille, cabillauc 



146 




UNSALIVAL PRONUNCIATION. 
1 final is not salival in most of words in il : 

CII5 vil, fil, bil, nil, sil, mil, bill, profil, civil, 
chacril, subtil, goupil, viril, sextil, chartil, bresil, 
douzil, mirtil, grosil, mortfil, exil^ tortil, partil, 
volatil, incivil; pueril, colinil, bissextil, canabil. 

And in those in oil: 
Poil^ iiigroil^ contrepoil. 

A single 1 medial is not salival: 

He, baile, pile, aile, toile, concile, tiloienty troi'le, 
poile, railes, huile, \oilent^ zoile, h^ilaiy pilule, 
tuile, ailees, mixtiligne, toilette, vilete, 6toiles, 
aileron, curvilignes, indelebile, dilec/ion, dilations, 
piloriment, devoilo^Y, depilatoire, rehabilitions^ 
volatilisations. 



147 

A double 1 is not salival in words begiiming with ill : 

lUustre, illec, illisible, illatif, illecebres, illidon, 
illusoire, illustrero/^, illation, illusioiij illitere, il- 
luminisme, illeoalement, illutadon, illegitimite^ 
illusoirement, illuminaifion. 

Nor in these and their relatives, which will all he col- 
lected in the Second Part, as exceptions to the 11 salival : 

Ville, gille^ mille, sille, lille^ squille, ille, smille, 
strille, village, tranquille, pupille, villon, argille, 
Seville, villette, merville, stillinges, sebille, achille, 
villace^ perille, myrtille^ villeux, strigille, pre- 
ville, milliaire, belleville, miller, vacillerew^, ini- 
becille, villanelle^ papillaire, goniberville, mille- 
pores, abbeville, codicille, villicain, milligramme, 
charleville, squillitique, distillozV, luneville, sigil- 
laire, villenage, calleville, millouin, logistille, 
millerolle, millilitre, capillaire, joinville, mille- 
naire, angerville, scintilloze/?/, axillaire, vaudeville, 
millesime, villatique, malleville, pupillaire, ruillee, 
longueville, maxillaire, zillerthite, villageois, os- 
cilleroxV, pusillanime, sigillateur, villotier, stilla- 
^ion, villocite, strigilliforme, sigillaries, villon- 
iieroxY, stillatoire, villaquerie, intermaxillaire, titil- 
ladon, villegiature, cavilladons, pupillarite, instiU 
ladorij pusillanimite. 



EKD OF PART I. 



PART 11. 



RECAPITULA TION 

OP 

THE RULES, 

FOLLOWED BY THEIR 

EXCEPTIONS. 



jLhis recapitulation exhibits a complete view of 
the analogies and anomalies of French orthography 
and pronuncintion. It is intended to serve as au 
exercise for frequent perusal. The learner must, 
at first, read the explanations, together with the 
regular and irregular words; then these same words 
without the explanations, which, in that design, 
are put aside. Another object of the recapitulation 
is, to facilitate the finding out of any rule or ex- 
ception. For this purpose, the order adopted in it 
is not, as in the First Part, elementary and merely 
analogical, but elementary, alphabetical, and ana- 
logical; that is, the elements of the words (not the 
words) with their analogies, are alphabetically' 
ranged. The elements are a^ d^ ah^ ac^ am^ &c. ; 
ai^ ay^ au. eau^ ao^ oa^ &c. ; byCydy&oc. In order 
to know whether a word is regular or irregular, it 
must be successively looked for at each of its ele- 
ments, and if irregular, it will be found among the 
exceptions ; if not found, it is to be considered as 
regular. Such searches will be rendered still more 
easy by using the Alphabetical List of exceptional 
words, placed at the end of the book, wherein the 
pronunciation is figured, and the words accompa- 

o3 



150 

nied by numbers referring to the page and particu* 
lar exception they belong to in the Recapitulation. 
The unprejudiced reader^ aware of the important 
correspondence of orthography and pronunciation 
in language, will, doubtless, start at so many ex- 
ceptions to so many exceptionable rules. It has 
been indeed the Author's care to bring them all to 
sight by a scrupulous analysis; but, unlike the 
superstitious herd of grammarians and prosodists, 
he admires not such deformities, and would rather, 
were it in his power, reduce them all, some way or 
other, to regularity and usefulness. However, it 
must be remarked, that if the greatest and most 
received analogies are often violated by ignorance, 
pedantry, caprice, affectation, unruled and pre-f 
tended all-ruling custom ; on the other side, ano- ' 
malies are sometimes scorned and trampled under 
foot by reason. 

N. /?. Some words which, being regular and 
irregular, may have occurred in the preceding ex- 
ercises, will appear again among the Exceptions. 

In words of several forms, as nouns, adjectives, 
verbs, &c., the regularity or irregularity in the 
radical form is understood to pervade the others, 
unless the contrary is stated ; a v always follows an 
irregular verb. * 

Many elements composed of several letters occur 
several times in the Recapitulation; at, ch^ eau^ &c. 

Words containing two or three irregularities, 
are at the end of the Recapitulation. 

Besides the regularities and irregularities inherent 
in words, there are others arising from their con- 
nexion. 

CONNEXION OF WORDS (in Prose). 

The connexion of words is the relation esta- 
blished among them by meaning, in a sentence or 
part of it, a period, a chapter, a book. 

Connected words are, in pronunciation, either 
disjoined or closely joined by coalescing. 

I 



I 



151 

Two words are disjoined 

by the consonant which the second begins with, as 
due liberal, pour lui, son pcre, mont rude, ami Jidtle; 

or by hiatus, that is, the meeting of two sounds, 
one at the end of the first word, the other at the 
beginning of the second; as parla un peu, bit d ven- 
dre, cri horrible, zero en chiffre, venu ici, eau impure, feu 
eteint, vceu audacieux, fou aimable, vrai oncle, dey humilie, 
hai enjin, joua aux cartes, loi imaginaire, viceroi oiseux, 
il cria out, pourquoi oindre, tournoye a yeux clos (i). 

Two words are joined and coalesce 

by consonation (a new and necessary term), that is, 
by pronouncing the final consonant of the first with 
the vowel or h mute with which the second begins. 
Consonation is necessary and unavoidable when the 
filial consonant is always uttered, as vif argent^ hel 
homme^ sac a poudre^ mer orageuse. It may also 
take place though the consonant be mute in dis- 
junction, as vous allez^ les enfans^ des habits^ vous 
osez hes'iter^ mot a^reable^ dangers oubliesy vrai* 
merit utiles sort affreux^ vinrent heureusement a 



(1) One would think hiatus to be the spirit of liberty, so terrified 
do our poets seem to be at it. With the design of expelling it from 
every where, a Sainte Alliance binds them all. But their efforts 
have not quite the success they wish for. That ill-sounding spirit 
is niched in so many bodies, that it can be got rid of by nothing less 
than proscribing or destroying half of the people of words. If, regard- 
less of sense, aiid notwithstanding rhythm and rime, they succeed 
to shift off, for instance, parla a, vu ici, ri aux eclats, honte ^gale, 
HSro y fnt, vceu ardent, livre au, ou irez, mari age, vertu heii^ 
reuse, iroujjeau alter e, cri indecent, credulite idoldlre, genou en 
terre, hdti onze, cm honorable, and thousands of others ; then, 
under the title of diphthongs or dissyllables, pour down like rain, 
Baal, fuir, sociaiix, creer, hero'lsme, bleudtre, Ji^au, jouis, niO' 
riage, veriueux, cloaque, cloitre, lien, obeir, louange, notions^ 
cruaute, juin, ancien, ideal, luine, poete, isra'el, ncCiade, a'ieul, 
Joudroyanly loyaute, &c. and these not less hiatuses: proieattachee, 
vie obscure, plaie incurable, vue encore, bleue et rouge, prosternee 
hurnblement, joue au trictrac^ &c. Were this imaginary evil to be 
cured, authorised remedies might be used, such as elision, con- 
traction, aspiration, euphonic letters ; but, blinded and degraded 
by superstition, French poetry is doomed to creep in slavery and 
ridicule. 



152 

hout^ nous en avons^ pronounced voiizallez^ mota'^ 
greable^ innretheureusementaboidy nou%en 7iavonSj 
&c. Consonation in this case is often neglected, 
but still remains of itself, if there be another conso- 
nant sounding before the last, as sort affreux^ 
pron. sorcrffreiix ; vinrent heureusement^ pron. i^m* 
rheureusevie/nt ; if there be no other consonant 
pronounced, then a complete disjunction takes place 
with hiatus: mot agreahle, pron. moagreable; dan" 
gers oublies^ pron. dangeoublies ; il met un frein a 
lufureur^ pron. il met un frein \ a la fureur (i); 

Words are also joined by elision, which is the 
dropping of the sounds of vowels. In French it 
happens in the Avord only that precedes another, 
beginning with a vowel or h mute. E simple is tjhe 
only vowel generally elided before any other; Jidele 
ami^ aimabl'i homme^ mauvaise intention^ theatre 
ouvert^ harpe eolienne^ are not pronounced ^'rfe/e- 
aini^ aimablehomme^ but Jidelami^ aimablhommey 
&c. Other sounds may be and are often elided 
before their like, or rather thej all form but one, 
commonly long; as il va a la campagne^ pronounced < 
// vd la campagne ; elle chant a avec intelligence^ 
pron. chantdvec ' • • * ; je viendrai expres^ joli 
ivrogne^ donnez du gruau an chien\ vous avez lu 
line fois^ peu heureux^ lui y courts joujou ouhlie^ 
le roi a dity tu vois Clio oisive^ hoyau horriblement 



(l) Happily this clashins: of consonants is, in a great measure, 
optional in conversation, for it is very troublesome to those who 
submit to it. They must not only think of the meaning, but also 
of the spelling of words, to revive dead letters. If forgetful or 
' ignorant, they may bring back to life John for William, or William 
for John, and even such as never existed ; so, nous avons aussi 
will perhaps be nous-avontaussi, or nout-avons-aussi ; mort im"-^ 
prSvue mny be mors-impr^viie ; for des effets inutiles-, des effet- 
iniUiles; for nam anulogue, noms-analogue. The illiterate vulgar, 
unwillingly aping classical purists, are continually making the most 
curious blunders of this sort. As adverse as our rymers to hiatus, 
but more reasonahle and f-kilful, they likely would dishiatuse and 
harmonize these words, je le donnerai h eux et non ot elle in this 
niaaner, je le donnerai ta %eux tet 7ion za telle. 



153 

lourd^ il alia a Amiens^ vous qui 2/ trez. The same 
kind of elision may happen in case of unconsona- 
tion, as il se bat avec nous^ un nez epatt^ sujets 
aisesj its tenlo'ieni et Jlattoienty ce ruban encore^ 
vin insipide^ nous prerwns ombrage. Lastly, in 
careless and rapid speaking, sounds may be elided 
even before dissimilar ones; voila en quoi^ pro- 
nounced voilenquoi^ or xlenquoi ; tu veux un livre^ 
pron. tu vun ; je vais en France^ pron. je ven ; pas 
encore^ pron. p encore. 

To remove hiatus and even elision, an artificial 
consonation is sometimes procured by the insertion 
or rather restoration of s and t to the second and 
third persons of verbs, which formerly had, and, as 
well as others, shoiild still have them; as a-t-il^ 
aura-t-elle^ dinera-t-on^ va-s-i/^ va-t-elle^ aime't-il^ 
porte-S'T/^ donne-s-en (ij. The hyphens show the 
consonants to be inserted and pronounced with the 
following word, s like % as usual between vowels. 

In perhaps all languages, almost every word is 
the result of junction, disjunction, insertion, sup- 
pression, elision, contraction, &c., and many (for 
the misfortune of those whose understandings have 
branched out of their brains into their ears) contain 
or serve to produce hiatus. 

Some signs have an etrect upon connected words; 
they will be explained among the 

MARKS OF PUNCTUATION. 

Punctuation comprehends the marks which affect 
letters, direct the tone of the voice, its continuation 
or stopping, and point out to the reader the refe- 



(1) y^ comes from the Latio hahet; aura, dinera are for avoir «, 
diner a (ha'>et)^ the Fp'nch, Spanish, and Italian future being 
formed by affixing the present of avoir, haher, anr^ avere to the 
infinitive ; va, second person, is for vas, Latin vadis ; va and a'ane, 
third person, are in Latin vndit, amat ; parte, donne, should be as 
they are in the indicative, portes, donjies; in ludXiWy portasy donas. 



M 



154 

rences necessary for his information. Here is ex- 
plained the effect of such marks in pronunciation, 
and not their use in orthography. 

The Accent aigu (acute accent), placed over e 
only, gives it an acute and slender sound; as 
severite, 

' The Accent grave (grave accent), placed over e, 
gives it a broad sound, but does not modify a and 
u/ as proces^ mtre^ pere^ legere^ a, /«, voild^ ou. 

The Accent circonflexe (circumflex accent), 
which may be placed over all vowels or sounds, is 
intended to render them long, giving to e the sound 

i»\ A A A A A A A A A A 

of ey as «, e, i^ o^u^ ai^ aii^ ei^ eu^ ou. 

It is useful only when distinguishing words which* 
differ both in meaning and pronunciation; as tdche 
from tache ; male — ^mal ; pecheur — pecheiir ; mir^ 
ent— m^rent; hate-^hotte; maitre — metre; bdiller—r- 
bailler; jeune—jeune. 

It is useless when lengthening words that have 
neither right or motive to be longer than others ;| 
^sjlute^ paraitre^ voute^ dme^ dne^ abime^ vite. i 

It is worse than useless when lengthening and 
thereby confounding words whose pronunciation 
might become different; as etre^ hetre; chame^ 
chene; prete (ready), prete (lerid). 

It is treacherous, 1st, when the vowel it seems to 
lengthen is short, which is always the case with the 
first and second persons plural of the preterite indi- 
cative, and with the third person singular of the 
preterite subjunctive, as well as several other | 
words; as par/dmes^ parldles^ parldt;jinimes^ dites^ 
sorlit ; lumes^ conclutes^ parut ; vinmes^ iintes^ soU" 
tint ; maitresse^ gouter. 

2dly, when it seems to render alike words that 
are differently pronounced; ^s dimes^ long (tithes), 
dimes^ short (we said). 

Sdly, when it seems to render different words 
that are of a similar pronunciation ; as dites^ dites ; 
rimesj rimes; fumes^ fumes/ dit^ dit ; tint^ tint; 
sur^sur; du^du; cru^cru* 



155 

N*B. If any mark be necessary to distinguish 
words that are alike in spelling and pronunciation, 
but of a different meaning, it should not be the 
ambiguous '^ nor ' . 

The Trema or Dierese (diaeresis), placed over 
e, /, u, makes them sound separately; as ndivetSj 
plebeien^ boesser^ noel^ sauL 

It is useless with e accented, or any distinct 
sound; as plebeien^ ome^ lambe^ iatrique^ iotacisme^ 
noel ; 

abusive and ambiguous upon e, sounding e and d; 
as poete (poete)^ poesie (poesie) ; 

absurd and contrary to its own destination upon 
e mute ; as cigue^ exigue (cigu^ exigu) ; 

wanting in several words wherein u is pro- 
nounced after g and q; as contiguiie^ questeur. 

" o -^- The Marks of Quantity or length of sounds 
and syllables, are used in graramais, dictionaries, 
and treatises ; viz. - to indicate a sound long, ^ a 
short one, and '"" one common, both long and short. 
But except the sounds which, being followed by 
several pronounced consonants, are or seem to be 
long ; as albumine^ vertu^ wyslere^ opter^ distinctt^ 
merit ^ abstrait^ lourdeau; those also that end with 
e mute^ such as pensee^ maladie^ statue^ jnonnate^ 
desavoue^ banlieue^ deploie^ which are commonly 
long, and a few of those bearing the circumflex 
accent ; the quantity of all others is or ought to be 
common, free, arbitrary ; and all the rules, distinc- 
tions, observations of prosodists, are vain and ab- 
surd, being founded neither in use or usefulness ; as 
luiypie^ vue^ selj sels^ pompe^ ciment^ pomme^ pomade^ 
le terns est beaii^j^en suis bien alse^ vos soins et vos 
soupirs^ le vrai seul est mm but^ et toi seiil es man 
guide. 

' The mark of what is called Accent aigu^ toniqiie^ 
grammatical^ or appui^ vibration^ eclat ^ coup^ ictus^ 
(accent, stress, emphasis), is intended to shew the 
place of our fixed grammatical emphasis too, the 
want of which is deemed so shameful. But, un- 



i 



156 

fortunately, in spite of all the hunting of our long- 
eared and well-nosed literary hounds, not a shadow 
of it has yet been discovered. The fact is, French 
words have no fixed emphatical accent, and want 
none. The truly essential, that which is found inl 
men's and animals' languages, the oratorical accent,* 
is laid in French by sentiment and meaning, on any 
syllable whatever but the final e simple / and here, 
as elsewhere, freedom is an advantage to which no 
flowery gold-chain can be compared. The imagi- 
nary fixed accent is said always to dwell on the last 
syllable but the final e simple^ and ent in verbs ; as 
pdrle^ Frcince^ honnete^ parlerent, tableau^ sentit^ 
sera^ aurd^ veriu^ pariit^ mouveau^ solitude^ con* 
seiitit^ gdrde-le^ dites-le^ opera, figaro* 

f» The Cedille (cedilla), put under c before a, - 
o, u, makes it sound like s ; as cadenqa^ gargon^j 
congut. > 

It should be used also under ^, pronounced 5, in 
the words which cannot be reduced to the great ' 
analogy of those in ion; as inertie (pron. inerciejy 
martial (pron. marcial). 

- The Tiret or Trait d^union (hyphen), joins 
words and parts of words ; elision or consonation 
is to be made if possible ; as bec-Jigue^ sou-ve-'nir^ 
contre-ordre^ vis-d-vis^ guet-apensy dit^elle, vas'^y 
portes-en^ ira-t-on. 

' The Double tiret (double hyphen), is also used 
to connect parts of words ; as len^tement. 

' The Apostrophe (apostrophe), stands in the 
place of suppressed vowels, and requires the junc- 
tion of words, if possible, by elision or consonation ; 
sis fapprends (fox je apprendsjy entr^eux (entre.,.)j 
Vun (te..,)y rimage (la...)^ Vhonneur (le...)^ 
Vheure (la.*.)^ qu^on (que...), lorsqu*humble 
(lorsque...)y aujourd'hui (^...rfe...J, c'etait Cce..,)y 
f'« (ce...)y grand^mere, grand^soif (grande... 
pron. gran)y s'il (si.,,)^ v*ld c' quefpense (voild 
ce queje pense). 

• The t^oint (point, period, full stop), at the end 



I 



157 

of a sentence, marks a pause, and therefore a dis- 
iunction, bes des unwritten stops ; as la misere 
^^rcaaussi^tdt cet homme u s^Slablir dans la pro- 
vince continue oil Up une briHante fortune. 

.... The Points suspensifs, mark suspension, 
reticence or omission, and oOen require a disjunc- 
tion^ as peut-Stre direz~vous....mats nm parlons 
plus. nous....lirons. nous...dcrirons. 

*** The Asterisgues <stars, asterisks), ^a^k an 
omission and a disjunction; as Je Comtede*** a 
iaiambefracassee d'un bouleU 

, The Deux points (colon), are placed after a 
part of sentence, and require a pause ; as la lot 
de la nature porte, tous hs hommes^sont e^flwar. 

The r/r^w/e (comma), as placed after a part ot 
sentence, and marks a pause; as hommes, ammaux, 
xegitaux, mineraux, tout naif, crott, depent, meurt 



et reneil. 
: The 



Point et virgule (semicolon), are placed 

after a part of sentence, and mark a pause; as / .j- 

mrancl la superstition, Vhypocrtste et a crainte 

sont les bases du despotisme.; le pouvoir legitime se 

fonde sur la ■colonic et la force du peuple. 

. > The Point inlerrogatif (mark oUniertogation), 

is placed at the end of a sentence, and often re- 
quires a particular tone, with a pause \f Comment 
xous portez-xons, Madame? qui? T';f""*:'X'-^f 
• The Poi)7t exclamatif or admirattf (mark ot 
exclamation or admiration), is placed at the end of 
a sentence, and requires a particular to»e, with a 
pause; as hola! eh! icoutez, r homme! O ciel! 

vous pourriez....! , • -> • .„„j tr. 

(/The Parenthese (parenthesis), is used to 

inclose signs, letters, words, and sentences, and re- 

quiresseneralljaparticulartone, with a pause; as 

(' ) nTs, 3), (a), c'elail peut-itre (carje n avance 
pas ce/a coinne un faU certain) le chanovne du 
chamtre le plus ionor ant. . , 

fTThe Crochet (bracket, crotchet), is another 
sort of parenthesis ; as monsieur [^r on. mocteuj. 



158 

^^ " The Guillemets (quotations), indicate words 
extracted from a book or speech, and may require 
a particular tone; as "coici ce qu^on lit dans son 
ouvrage €t qu^il repetaU souvent: "la Verite seule 
hrisera les fers de Vhomme,''^ 

Different types, as Italics in a text of Roman 
letters, or these among the others, serve either as 
quotations, or to excite the attention of the reader, 
and often require a particular tone. 

- — The Barre (dash), denotes some change or 
a repetition, and often requires a different tone; as 
oil alleZ'Vous? — me promener. vin rouge^ — blanc. 

\ The Accolade (braces), placed in any way, 
serve to analyze, distinguish, and inclose. 

§ The Par«gTfl5jt}^6 (section), is a sign of sections. 

Letters, * ^^ ^ ^ &c. and Figures, * ^ ^ g^, 
* I II + H &c. are made use of by writers and 
printers for various purposes, generally relating to 
the understanding of the text. 

ABBREVIATIONS. 

Abbreviations are parts of words, or signs used 
instead of words. The most common are, — 

M, or My, for ........ Monsieur {pron, mocieu). > 

MM. or M^s Messieurs {p. mecieii). 

M^ M™^ M^^^— M^«. Sfc. . . Madame — Mesdames (p. 

medames). 
M^'«. — M"^^ Mademoiselle-Mesdemois- 

elles (p. mademoiselles)., 

S. M. ; . . . SaMajeste. 

L. M. Leurs Majestes. 

S. M. I Sa Majeste Imperiale. 

S. M. I. et R. ...... . Sa Majeste Imperiale et 

Roy ale. 

S. M. Cath. . Sa Majeste Catholique. ♦ 

S. M. T. C. Sa Majeste Tres-Chreti- 

enne. 

S. M. Brit. . . Sa Majest6 Britannique, 

S. A. R Son Altesse Royale. 

S. A. S Son Altesse Ser6nissime. 

S. E. or Ex Son Excellence, 



S, Em. •••,.••••.• Son Eminence. 

J. C Jesus Christ (p. Jesu cri). 

N. D Notre-Dame. 

S. S. — le S*. P. ...... . SaSaintete — le Saint P^re. 

le P. (C...., or ) . . . , . le Pere (Chateaubriand, 

or ). 

& et (jo. e or e), 

&e. or etc. et caetera (p. ete cetera). 

vol. chap. sect. pag. part. (^c. volume, chapitre, section, 

page, partie, ^c. 
fr. c, — MS. or MSS franc, centime — manuscrit 

or manuscrits. 
N. — N. B. — P.S. ....... Nota — nota b6ne — post 

scriptum(p. scriptome.) 
V«. — id. — n^. Veuve— idem (p. ideme). — 

numero. 

CIPHERS. 



zero. 

un, une. 

deux. 

trois. 

quatre.. 

cinq. 

six. 

sept. 

huit. 

neuf. 

dix. 



\t m .... 

1 or I 

2 — II 

3 — III 

4 — IV 

5 — V 

6 — VI 

7 — VII 

8 — VIII 

9 — IX 
10 — X 

&c. — &c. 

C premier. 
1«% 1<^'S l^ or ler, pre^ je^ . . ) premiere. 

(_unieme. 

{second, 
seconde. 
deuxieme. 

3% — IIP, . . . . . troisieme, 

4^, — IV% ..... quatrieme. 

5«, . . . . . — V®, cinquieme. 

6^, — VP, sixieme. 

7®, — VIP, . . . • septieme. 

8S — VHP, .... huitieme. 

9®, — IX% , . . . . neuvieme. 

10^, — X®, , . . .. ♦ dixieme. 

^c. ...... — &c. 



160 

l"'nt, or V, premierement or primo. 

3ment^ — 30^ troisiemement — tertio {p^ tercio). 

4meat^ — 40^ quatriememerit — quarto {p. couarto). 

5ment^ — 5^, cinqui^mement — qumto (/>» cuinto)* 

gment^ — go^ sixiemement — sexto. 

Tmeut^ — 7^, septiemement — septimo. 

gment^ — go^ huitiemement — octavo, 

9ment^ — 90^ neuvieinement — nono. 
IQinent^ — \qo^ dixiemement — decimo. 
&c* — &c. 

For thie rest, see grammars and mathematical treatises ; 
for the irregularities in the pronunciation of some, see the 
Recapitulation. 

i^hxQ^ or ^ . . sept. • . . . Septembre, 

gbre^ — ^ . . oct Octobre. 

gbre^ — ^ ^ ^ nov. . • • . Novembrc. 
10^% X^'^S or dec Decembre. 

RECAPITULATION. 
A. 

Rule, a, S^ accompawiec/ "J camarade, accabla, p^e, 
hy most consonants, or pre- ffol^tra, baal, beatitude, fi- 
ceded by any vowely preserve C 2iCTe, coalition, suave, ha- 
their elementary sounds, j madryade,bleu^tre,louable, 

, 1. Exception, a is silent in toast (pronounced toste). 

R. ea, ua^oimd a after! 3"^^^^' vogu^' quality, de- 
ff and q. >gageasse?i^, bloquames,jau- 

3 geage, legu^tes. 
E. See at U hereafter, 

R. am, an final or foU -\ <^^™^ Adam, artisan, qui- 
lowed by a different conso- ( ^^"^' ^^^^"' lampe, tante, 
nant, soundnasally, mandn( mantouan,coryambe,puant, 
being mate besides. \ Cloanthe, caanthe, voyant» 

-^ neanmoins. 

2. E. am are both pro- *) . , , ^ . t> 

nounced without the French (-^^^^^^^^ Priam, Koter- 
nasality, in most foreign ( ^^^y Amsterdam, mam« 
proper names, j l^^*^* 



161 

R. a, followed by la or n^ • ,. 

and a vowel or h mute, or ( ff"'' ^^S^**"' ^»^T^ P^"' 
by mm, nn, mn, ceases to be > l^f "-monicon sanhednn.con- 
"^ ' V stamment, bannir, amnistie. 



nasal. 
E.« ai, at, sound h, ^, 

3. E. ai sound e i?i • • , 



J vrai, savait, laissoi^, chan- 
\ taient, aile, maitre. 

ai (from avoir to have), 
sais, sait (from savoir), geai, 
quai, aigu, aiguiere, aigui- 
eree, quaiage (prow.k^age). 



r^^/p^/,/ ^..^..,^.i^ A .-^ ( aider v, aimer v, faineant, 



affectedly pronounced 6 in ^'V'?] ^' ^'r 
many words besides. S P^^^^^^ ^> ^.^' 

4. ai are regularly pro- 
nounced e ; irregularly a ^ 



( douaire, dbuairier, douai- 
friere. 



C faire, f ais, fait, faites ; refaire, 
5. ai are profiounced re- 1 Sfc; defaire, ^^c, redefaire, 
gularly e in the verb faire l ^-c, contrefaire, (^c, mal- 
and its compounds, ivhen ai/ faire, <^^., mefaire, ^c, 
are followed by e simple or J parfaire, (^c, satis faire, Sfc, 
no sound. I surfaire, Sfc, bienfait, for- 

vfait, imparfait, stupefait; 

faisant, faisons, faisoi^, fais- 

by some irregularly andk oit, faisions, faisiez, fais- 

whimsically e (eu) in the\ oze/iif , faisable, refaisant, ^c. 



same verb and compounds,, 
when ai are followed by 
any sound but e* 



defaisant, SfC. ; redefaisant^ 
t^c.; contrefaisant, ^c. ; 
malfaisant, 4 c- '* satisfais- 
ant, Sfc; surfaisant, ^c; 

e, if the style be dignified, 1 bienfaisant, bienfaisance. - 
and Q witaout emphasis, m j 

6. E. ai sound both a-i in maieur. 

R. ai sound e in the 1 
preterit of verbs in er and > allai, irai, plairai, baissai, 
in the future of all. J 

R. ai soimc/ a 5e/bre Tor 1 bail, ailleurs, vaillant, tfa- 
II salival; see at h. Jvaillais. 

R. ai sound both a-i. 1 ^^^ ^^•»^''', '^^'.^^^^> ^^' 

\ maia, aieul, taiau. . 

v3 



162 

or followed by a consonant, j ^^' P :> Y r Y * 

7. E. 2iy sound both a-i in Ay (a town). 

8. E. ay sound e-i and 1 pays, payse, paysage, pay- 
^-iin • • 3 sagiste, paysan,^ d^payser r. 

R. aye ending a syllable^ 
or a word are generally! ^g b^gayerais, 

pronounced fe, but by some >^'^^^^ 
h'l-e, both le sounding , \ 
though very faintly* J 

^ ^ 7 • ^ aye C^ cry of pain), An- 

9. E. ^ye sound a-i-e, f / -giJ -^^g, ^^^ 

both le very faintly in j caves. 

10. E. aye sound forcii 



f 



ei m 




R. ay, followed by any 
vowel but e simple weak, 
s^ound e-i. ^ drayure, drayoire. 

^ 1 r^T f ayeul, bisayeul, biscayen, 

11. E. ay sound both\ ^^^^^^ Mayence, fayence, 

^"^ ^^ (^ fayencier, fayencerie, Ba- 

yonne, bayonnette, Bayeux, cayenne, cayeu, brayette, 
dilayer v. drayer v. 

12. N.ay«o«.«dP-V«J'^yf ^- 

•^ (^ a-1 in brayer (a noun), 

R. aim, dim final or foW\ 
lowed by a different conso- f daim, gain, sain, staimbouc, 
7iant sound nasally in, tvith C vainqueur, maintinrewf . 
m and n mute J 

IR.B^in express two sounds:! • . r i •• 
a and in nLl j ^^^"> tubalcam. 

R. ^m final sound with^ 1 ^^^^ 6phraim 
ow^ nasality, a-i-me. J * 

R. aim, ain, cease to be *) aimer, domaine, trainer, cai- 

nasal, in the same cases as > mander, caimacan, zai- 

am, an. 3 ^^^^' 

' -n J 7 sarrau,seau,pau1,pourceaH, 

R. au, eau sound o > . ^ i . » i * 

' 3 taureau, moquoiseau, Torr 

gau, tourangeau, miaide, gruau, tuyau, joyaux. 



163 

R, aii sound both a-u, 7 Saiil, Esaii, Haiiy, fieau, 
and eau sound eo. 3 reaux. 

R. a;, co«fescmi7, sound 6 1 ^^P*^' tenioide, paearr, 

R. a e uncoalescing 9 sound 1 aerer, phaeton, Aglae, dode- 
6o//i, J caedre, Ismael, maestral 

13. E. a is silent in Caen (a toivn, pron. Kan .J 

R. ao sound both. \ ^T^^^' ^^'^^' ,*«™^'e' ^a- 

I odicee, extraordniaire, 

14. E. dLO sound o in aoriste (i), Sa6ne. 

15. E. ao sound a in \ ^''"""^ *'" P^^""^' P^o"- 

(^ neau, laonnois. 

R. aon express two sounds: 1 Craon, Phaon, Lycaon, 
a and on nasaL 3 Pharaon. 

an 171 Laon (the name of a town), 

faon, paon. 

16. E. aon J on in Laon (^^Ae name of a saint J\ 
are pronounced ) em by some 1. ^^7 ^ /, 

^ / on % o^Aer. V^^^ r^/ie^^^«^«e o/ a /?y, 

I in ) ^^^- ^^/y J 

R. aouea^p-ess^M^osoM/iicfs;') aouter v., Raoul, Baour, 
a-ou J caoutchouc, saouari.. 

17. E. ao u «re pro?iow?i- "^ 

ced resrMto% a-ou 61/ seremZ, f ^ . ^^j_^^^^_ 
awa irregularly ou oi/ P^" l 
rfs#5, in J 

f aoftterou, saouler v., des- 
J^ saouler t?, 

B. 

r barbarie, bdelle, bluet, bras, 

T^ , • •^. 1 J- 1 • V absorber, hebdomadaire, 

R. b mitial or medial is J i ^ .. , Ui^ • 

, , < abnei>:ation,marbre,obtenir, 

aZit-at/s pronounced ^ ^^^^^.^ .^ ^^^.^^,^ desobstrue- 

(^tif. 

R. b final precerfe^ ii/ a T job, caleb, Jacob, club, 
single vowel is pronounced 3 {^pronounced by some clobe), 

(1) Do not our pedagogues deserve something" for pronouncing 
in. so antisensical a manner a word which they alone have impyrted. 
and use i'. 



soun 



164 

R. b final, preceded %") i i , , 

another consonant or severalir' ^"'^P'"''"''' , 
vowels, is silent, as most ( *^'.^"^' T'^'', T^*' '?^''' 
consonants. ^ leux, loup, laid, arnault. 

1. E. b t5 pronounced in romb or rumb, radoub* 

DOUBLE CONSONANTS. 

A developement of the Rule^ page 32, necessary 

for its exceptions. 

i^abbe, succomber, difficile, 

T> TiT 7 7 ? .1 ag-ffraver, mollesse, plaisam- 

ii. JS'o double consonants, ) ^^ . • 1 

i ^ T ^j J < ment, mnocemment, oppo- 

i/ut rr, are both pronounced, \ j- i :• 

. ^ i ser, perruque, dissolution, 

(^batterie, Donawert, lazzi. ' 

N. B. Double consonants are said to be both 
pronounced in some words, but it is an error. For 
two similar consonants being both pronounced, 
there must be a vowel uttered between them, as 
in amomi^ eidalie^ imbiber^ fermement^ honmtttc^ 
unayiimement ^ sainlete^ nettete; but these are two ^ 
similar not double consonants. The pretended 
double is merely slozo articulating, that is to 
say, there is a pause not after the complete 
utterance of the consonant, but in the middle of 
the motion that performs it, which motion being 
finished, seems, by its interruption, to be double, 
though really single. It takes place in re.ddition^ 
belligerant^ Jinmon^ inne, &c. ; we do not pro- 
nounce rededition^ beleligerant, Amemon^ inene^ 
as some figure them ; therefore there is no double 
but slow^ interrupted articulating. So far from 
pronouncing both double consonants, we often 
pronounce but one, in the way just explained, 
when two may really be uttered, viz. in the case of 
e simple being interposed, as in unanimement^ 
honnetete saintete^ nettete, m^ ;?, t, pronounced 
slowly, unanimment^ honnette^ saintte^ nettte^ or 
rather figured unaniment^ honnete^ sainte^ 7iete. 

jB. rr may properly be said to express a double 
articulation in some words, such as courrons^moar*^^ 



165 

rais^ acquerrai, errer^ &c,, for r denotes a vibratorj 
motion which can be doubled. 

The slow articulating of double consonants 
seldom takes place but through affectation or for 
the sake of perspicuity and energy. 

R. cc and gg before e, i, "^ 
y, expressing two different t 

articulations, viz. ks and > vaccine, acceder, suggerer, 
gj, have no analogy with I 
the preceding rule, j 

R. bb sound b short. abb6, abbesse. 

2. E. bb are generally'\ 

pronounced like b short, / 

I but by some with a double, Vabbatial, {pron, abbacial) 

that is, a slow articulation, I 

in J 

Connexion. 

II. b final mute is not pro- 7 j i i. fu^ 

nounced before a vowel, m > i *^i • / .^ 3i ' 

., • r J I plomb inevitable. 

the connexion of words. j ^ 

C. 

R. c sounds k before a, (''^''''P^''''''^.^ ""T^Z' ^"" 
, ,/ • ^' ) cun,convaincant, publicain, 

o, u, and all consonants < ^' .• ' i 

, . / j discours, caution, close, 

tcri, czarine ecdusies, docte, 

bracmane, miracle, tocsin, ^criture, Ecbatanes. 

^claude, cicogne, cicogneau, 

I.E. c is pronounced also \ eclogue, necromant, necro- 

k, and absurdly g by several J mancie, secret, secretaire^ 

in j second, secondaire, se- 

(^condement, seconder t?. 

-o J , . , f forcat, acores, concu, ma- 

beteTTu^' \ ^4' avanfaut, franjais. re- 

^ ' ' * ^ f ois, laf o?s. 

R. c sounds s before se, ce. caecilie, caetera, coelicole. 

2. E. c sounds k in coeur, anticoeur. 

R. c sounds s before e, 7 • 
i y^ ( c^ci, cyzicene. 

3. E. c sounds ch in vermicelle, violoncelle. 



166 

r ammoniac, Armagnac, bac,. 

R. c final is generally J ^olz^c, bazac, bissac, bi* 

pionounced after vowels. \ vouac, Biissac, clic-clac, 

(^cognac, cornac, cric-crac, 
fric-frac, gai'ac, Girac, hac, Isaac, micmac, moyac, arignac, 
patac, Pourceaugnac, sac, sangiac, tic-tac, tillac, trac, 
trictrac, usquebac, zigzac, grec, pec, Quebec, romestec, 
salamalec, sec, agaric, alambic, aspic, astic, basilic, fie, 
mastic, pic, pronostic, public, ric-a-ric, syndic, tic, trafic, 
vie, astroc, bloc, choc, escroc, froc, hoc, manioc, Maroc, 
Medoc, roc, siroc, soc, toe, troc, aqueduc, archiduc, 
bonduc, caduc, due, Habacue, hey due, juc, Luc, stuc, 
Baboue, bouc, chabouc, pare, ture, talc. 

, 7 • . f arc, bee, lac or lacs (lake 
c IS pronounced also m | ^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^^^^^ 

name J, 6chee, 6checs (losses), croc (noise of something 
hard between the teeth while eating J, avec. 

^ T^ . . 7 . f arc-bouter v., arc-boutant, 

4.B.cisnotpronouncedm^^^^^_.^^^^ (prow, bejaune), 

bec-dane (/>row. b^dane), lacs (strings, snares J, entre- 
lacs, marc (a weight or dregs J, tehees (chess J, croc 
(hook, tusk, mustachio), accroc, eric, broc, clerc, tabac, 
arsenic, estomac^ cotignac, pore. 

N. c is not pronounced^ 
by some before a consonant >avec lui, avec hardiesse. 
and h aspirated in avec. j 

R. c final always sounds ( croc-en-jambe, elerc-a-ma{- 
k before a vowel in cowi-< tre, arc-en-ciel, pore-epic 
pound words. ^ (pron, by a few porkepi). 

{banc, blanc, jone, franc, 
trone, flanc, vainc, con- 
vainc. 

5. E. c sounds in " zinc. 

6. E. c is pronounced in ^je sens, done je suis ; il 
done, beginning a part ofa> etait homme, done il pou- 

fo7'mal argument, as j vait se tromper. 

c is silent in done when 1 
this word is in the middle ' vous ne faites done rien, de« 
of a sentence before a con- i pechez-vous donc^ 
so nant,or at the end. j 



c, in Aonc, does or does not ^ 
sound, at pleasure, before a>il fallait done y aller. 
vowel, in the preceding case, j 

,- , , J rKackerlake, bancksies, ac* 

R. ck and cq are always) quiescer^Balbeck, Inspruck, 
pronounced, viz. k. ^ Dantzick, Torek, Vicq. 

K. ct final are commonly 7 abject, eorreet, direct, dis- 
both pronounced, j tin ct, incorrect, indirect, in- 

distinct, infect, intact, intellect, strict, succinct, tact, ab- 
stract, ambact, compact, contact. 



7.N. 



ct are not pro^ 1 

nounced by some > exact, inexact, 

in 3 

c alone is pro^l 

nounced by some > district. 

in ) 



^ -r, , ., . C amict, aspect, circonspect> 

8. E. ct are silent in | .^^^^^^^^ ^^^p^^t, suspect. 

-r> t /• ij 7 7 C chercher, chuchoterie, psy- 

li. en, followed by a VOW' \ i / i u • u i i, 

7 Jti. 1 • j& 7- I. 7 che, bachique, chyle, cny^ 

eL sound li/ie ^htn lLnglisk:< • i- • i i j 
i' I ^^^^' cnirurgie, colchide, mo- 

vnarchie, architecture, anar- 
chic, Michel, Ezechiel, cherubin, Zachee, Joachim, 
Michee, Hachel. 

9. E. ch sound like k (^) in achores, acrochirisme, 
acrochordon, anachorete, archaeographe, archaeo- 
graphie^ archagologie, archgeologue, archaisme, 
archange5archangelique, archetype^ archiepiscopal, 
archiepiscopat, archonlat, archonte, asiarchat, au- 
cheiiopteres, batrachomjomachie, (pro?2. batrako- 
mjomachie,) bracheljtres, brachial, brachiopodes, 
i^rachypnee^ brachypteres, brachystochrone, cachec- 
tique, cachexie, cacocholie^ carchesion, catechurae- 
natcatechumene, chaiasie,chalastiquej chalaza, cha- 

(1) Learned pedants! why do not you pronounce these v^ords as 
.1^ you do the others ? or speU them with k or kh as in the old 
Greek ? Are they not difficult enough ? Is it fair to lay, in each 
of them, a rat-trap, as Port-Royal calls it, to those who have not 
tli£ happ ness to be so deep as you ? 



168 

lazee^ chalazophylaces, chaJcees, chalcies, chalcide, 
chalcidique, chacioecies, chalcite, chalcographe, 
chalcographie, chalcopyrite, chaldaique, chaldeen, 
chan,, chamecisse, chameleucee, chamesyce, chao- 
mancie, chaos, charisies, charisticaire, charisties, 
chartophylax, cheiroptere, chelidoine, chelonee, 
cheloniens, chelonite, cbersonese^ chersydre^ che- 
todon, chiliade, chiliarque, chiliastes, chiliogone, 
chilioQibe, chionanthe, chiragre, chirograpliaire, 
. chirolqg'ie, chiromancie, chiromancien, chirononaie, 
chironomistej chironomontej chirotonie, choeur, 
/cholagogue, choledographie, choledologie, chole- 
doque, chondrille, chondrographie, chondrologie, 
chondropterygien, chondrotomie^ choraique^ cho» 
raule^ chordapse, choree, chorege, choregraphe, 
choregraphie^ choreion, choreveque, choriambe, 
chorion, chorique, choriste, chorobate, chorodi- 
dascale, chorodie, chorographie, chorographique, 
choroide, conchites, conchylifere, conchylioide, 
conchyliologie, conchyliologiste, conchyliotypo- 
lithes, corchore, dichoree, dichotomal, dichotome, 
dichotomie, ditrochee, dolichodrome, echidna, 
echidne, echinodermes, echinomes, echinomies, 
echo, echometre, echometrie, enchiridion, en- 
ehymose, enorchite, epichereme, epitrochasme, 
eucharistie, eucharistique, exarchat, hesychastes, 
hesychastique, hjpochjma, hjporcheme, hjpotra- 
chelion, iachagogues, ichor, ichoreux, ichoroide, 
luraachelle, machabees, macrochere, manichordion, 
marchelto, melochia, mesochondriaque, mesochore, 
metachorese, nionachisme, onychomancie, orches- 
tique, orchestre, orchestrino, orchidees, orchite, 
orcholomie, pachydermes, patriarchal, picrochole, 
polycholie, procharisteries, psychagoge, psycha- 
gogique, psychologic, psychoniancie, psychostasie, 
rachialgie, rachisagre, rachitique, rachitisme, sco- 
lopomacherion, stenochorie, stichometrie, synchon- 
drose, synchyse, terpsichore, tetrarchat, trachoma, ; 
trecheur, trichodes, trichonianie, trochaiques, tro- 
chee^ trocholique, tyche, xenodochion. 



169 



Important N.B. ch, sai^s^ 
M. I'Abbe Gattel, in his 
French Dictionary^ which 






ach^ron — Yivent les Gram- 



Mr. Boiste, the lexicogra- >matistes....au fin fond de 
pher, thinks excellent, sound L F Acheron. 



k on the stage of the Opera, 
in 

N. ch sound k in many other foreign words. 



I ■ 



_. , .IT/- 1 chlore, chleuasme, chrono- 

R. ch sound k before a (^ . ichneumon, alechtre. 

J menechme, ischnote. 
drachme, didrachme. 

CAbimelech, sumach, roch, 
I Zurich, baruch. 

11. E, ch sound as inl j. , , a i, \ 

> Auch {pron. oche). 



consonant, 

10. E. ch sound g in 
R. ch final sound k. 



chercher, in 

12. E. ch are mute in 
N. cht final sound k in 






almanach. 

Utrecht, Maestricht, yacht. 



r bacchanal, bacchanale, bac- 
R. cch sound k* < chanaUser v, bacchant, 

(^ bacche, bacchique, bacchie, 
bacchionites, baccharis (pron, bakarice), bacchus (pron, 
bakuceX ecchymose, saccharin, saccharoide. 

R. cc before e, i, y, sound 7 succession, accident, coc- 
ks. 3 cygien, siccite. 

R. cc, before a, o, u, or 1 baccalaureat, succombe, 
a consonant, sound like a >succursale, accroitre, ec- 



single k. 

Connexion. 



J clesiastique. 

fall! Madame, vous avez 



R. c final mute commonly J du tabac excellent ; le banc 
remains such before a vowels avait rompu; il a Festomac 
or h mute, in connexion. (^un peu creux; elle a fait 
un petit accroc a sa robe ; mettez le pore au pot ; que 
dit-il lorsquil se vit le flanc ouvert? le clerc etait k 
Tetude ; nous donnons de Farsenic aux rats ; le trone 
humain difi'ere du tronc des arbres; il convainc et touche^ 
apportez le eric aussitot ; le broc etait vide, on le 



170 

remplit; un franc heureusement suffisait; on laisse le 
marc expose au soleil; le roi vainc et pardonne; ar- 
rachez le croc enfin ; cela produit un jonc utile ; quel 
cotignac insipide! 

r franc 6tourdi, franc alleu, 

13. E. c is pronounced in J franc arbitre, k franc etrier, 
these expressions, j du blanc au noir, de brie ^ 

(^et de broc. | 

14. c in done may, or not, *) 

be pronounced in the middle > allez done oil Ton vous dit. 
of sentences, J k 

15. c is pronounced by^ 

some in respect, t aZica?/^ > porter respect auxvieillards. 
being mute. j 

R. d initial and medial 7 dindon, druidisme, admettre, 
is always pronounced, j mordre. 

R, d final is pronounced 7 sud, david, alfred, 6pliod, 
after a single vowel. y arphaxad. 

1. £• d is mute in bled, nid, nud, palinod. 

^ pied, laid, coud, sied, poid, 

R. d final is mute after f muid, noeud, badaud, tre- 

several vowels. C pied, marchepied, rougeaud, 

I assied. 

2. E. d sounds in caid, 

T> 1 /. 1 . ^ r, ") rond, bord, vend, perd, 
R. d hnal IS mute after a (^ ,^^j ^j^jjj^;^ H^^^_; 

consonant. j chand. 

3. E. d sounds in sund {pron» sonde.) 

R. Id are both mute after 1 , , , , 

several vovoeU. j arnauld. amould. 

T, J .^, , , f ffrand'mere, grand'messe, 

^ A with an apostrophe^ |randrue,grand'tante,grand 
IS mute bejore a consonant, i vhambre 

T» 11 • J ^ 1 I. ^iL f addition, additionnel, ad- 

R. dd are said to be both\ ^^^^^^^^^ adducteur, ad. 

pronounced. | duction, reddition. ■ 



171 

Connexion. rdu sud au nord; Alfred 

R. d final pronounced, \ 6tait un bon roi ; et ral* 
retains its proper articula-J luma le flambeau de David 



tion before a vowel, in con- / eteint ; 
nexion. 

R. d final mute, sounds 
t in connexion, before a 
vowel, when joined to it by 
a hyphen ; 



or. et de David 



grand, without hyphen; 






(^eteint ralluma le flambeau. 

vend-il coud-elle, perd-on, 
mord-elle, s'assied-il, grand- 
oeuvre, pied-a-boule, pied-a- 
pied, pied-^-terre. 

C quand arrivera-t-elle, quand- 
generally in quand awe? j on tombe, quand a-t-il, quand 

et quand, grand homme, 
grand animal,grand attentat. 

, . ^, . f de fond en comble, de pied 

and in these expressions; < ' r 

, . . ,7 jC^^ vend k bon marche, elle 

out IS seldom pronounced V . , , ' „ 

^T , ^ ^^ ^ repond avec humeur, elje 

inotkerwordsor other cases, ) ^ i v • ^ 

'^^1 ^ J 1 7 • -^ J- ^ coud ordmairement, posez 
tf the style be plain; if dig- \ i • j ^ . j • j- 

•^ J i r y ^ u\ i ^^ pi^cl a terre, noeud mdis- 

nified, a 7naii be sounded (t). f / . i r -i- . i-i 

*^ ' ^ ^^ V. soluble, troidmsupportable, 

il fait chaud aujourd'hui, elle s'assied et travaille, fecond 

en ruses, marchand epicier, reverend oncle, accord har- 

monieux, bavard eterned, lourd etgrossier, milord Edouard 

ici, il perd encore, brigand atroce. 

E. 

ebeniste, eblouir, ebranler. 



R. e initial, simple or un- 
accented, sounds e before 
any single consonant (but n 
in some cases) followed by 
vowels or one of these three 
letters, h, 1, r. 



ecarlate, echafaud, eclat, 
ecrit, editeur, edredon, efau- 
filer, egoisme, eglise, egru- 
geoir, eherber, ehrharte, e- 
j amber, elu, emouvoir, enig- 
me, epais, epliemere, eplu- 

cher, epris, equite, eruption, esoterique, etui„ ethiopien, 

etroit, eveque, ezoterique. 

1. E. e sou7ids nasally an, 1 enivrertj.enivrement, enhar- 
and n is pronounced with Vmouique, enherber v, en- 
t he following sound, in j huiler v, 

ienhache, enhaillonne, en- 
hair V, enhardir v, enhar- 
nachement, enharnacher v. 



(^ enhay 



eur. 



173 

3.N. e is pronounced €bii'^ , ^ ' , 

some, ami an % others, with ( enarrhement, enarrher^, en- 

n joined to the following l?''^f''' ""' ^""""'S^^'^^'' ^' ^n- 
sound in both cases, in j ^ ^ * 

-o .•.•!• 1 J fesul, esoterique, esperance, 

R e initial simple soM«*>^^^i ^^^-^ escroqueur 

e before sorxm any case, l^^^,;^^ esplanade, essoufler! ., 
estrapade, exil, exhumer, extase, excepte, exfoliatif, ex-ji 
traordinaire, exportation, excuse, exsanguin, exploit, ex-' 
quis, exclure, exstipule, expres, excr^toire, ex-voto, ex-roi, 

T> J. 1 7* ftenir, mollement, senecon, 

K. e medial, preceding \ ^ i i i u u^ 

. , f r ij \]J redevenu, dehors, rehab, re- 

a single consonant followed ^^^^^^ ^^^^^^ ' ^^^Jt 

by a vowel or h, sounds e^x. (^ehasarder, rehaussement; 
reheurter, menehould, rechercher, redhibition, redhibitoire, 
developpement, cachetere/if, amener, greneterie, saintete, 
nettete, doctorerie, l^gitimement, tirer«^, pierreries, ser- 
rerons, fourrerez, bizarrerie, quarrerozs, abhorrei(?2e?iif. 

4. E. e sounds nasally ?iW, 1 
and n is pronounced with > desenamoure, desenivrer v* 
the following vowel, in j 

5. E. e sou7ids an with n 7 ^^^^^^^^^ ^, 
mute in j 

~ N e m f Ae case of f Ae P,'T' ™''^''T"*' ^^"'f"*"' '■^" 
i\. e, m the case ojinei jgy„„ red'venu, rVlev'nu, 

preceding rule, ^^ often V ^^^,^, cacKtevent, 

v^eakened and sounded asl am'ner, gren'terie, gren'frie 
zf unwritten: this will be\ g^int't^, netft^, doctor'rie 
the subject of an exercise i i^ itim'ment, tivrai, pierr'I 
hereafter; see page 164. \^^.^^^ gerrVons, fourr'rez, bi- 
zarr'rie, quarr'rois, ahhorv roient. 

-n , V ^ ^j ,/^ere, eve, pere, mere, breche, 

n. e sounds eat the endL ^ ^^ ^^^^^ j^j^_ 

of syllabes before conso- 1 ^, j^^^^ ^j^^j d^j^cae- 
nants followed by e ^ym^\e)^^\^^^ ^i^ . 

final or entire terminations ^^ j- ^^^^ ' 

of the third person plural t ^^.^^^^^ glometre, hyene, sil- 
oj verbs. \^houete, eonvexe, baiete, cin- 

quieme, armerent, rierent, peserent, tuerent, nouerent, 
sevrerent, creerent, aererent, rejeterent, egayerent, rece- 
lerent, appuyerent, grenelerent, broyerent, remenerentj^ 
releverent. 




173 

V 

R. e final preceded hy a^ morale — moral, desire — de- 
consonant sounds weakly y as f sir, achete, ronde, confisse, 
if the consonant alone were Tconfise, patrone, imprime, 
articulated. j aucune, frangipane. 

^ . 1 . ^ /!c r mue, prie, agree, paie, loue. 
R. e simple is mute after \ ^^^j *- ^^.| ^^^ ^ 

a vowel at the end oj words ^ ^^^^.^^ ^^.^^.^^ ^^^^^.^ ^^.^. 
or syllables. (^ ra, agreerons, paierois, loiie- 

raiew^, aboieriez, gaiete, braiement, aboiement, continue- 
ment, remerciement, essuiemain. 



6. E. e sounds e in 

R. aye, eye, oye, uye, at'\ 



bienheureux.. 



the end of words or syllables, I paye, deploye, plancheye- 
are commonly pronounced ^, Vroif, balayerions, noyera, 
oa, ui, and by some eie, oaie, I appuyerai. 
uie, e sounding weakly. j 

R. e is mute preceded by ") mangea, geolier, pigeon, 
g and followed by a, o ; g > bourgeois, bougeo^5, nagea2, 
sounding j. j rongeant. 

R. e sounds 6 before x, 7 mexique, alexandrin, sexa-^ 
followed by vowels. j gesime, cynorexie. 

R. e sounds e before a 1 ebbe, grefFe, belle, ^trenne, 
double consonant followed >dieppe, terre, justesse, blu- 
by e weak final. j ette, grecque. 

-,» y r re r- ,7 , Teffet, befFroi, eflSeurir, ffref- 
IL e before ff followed i^^^^g^^y^^^^g^^^^l^. 

by any vowel but e weak j^^^^^^^j ressuyer, mes- 
hna\, sounds e and common-^ cessation, lessive, 

Iv e and e before ss. f a* • • 

^ »^ / c . ^^pressentir, pressoir, session, 

tressaillir, tresser, cresson, adresser, caresser, oppresseiir, 
confession, redresser, empressement, transgression, pro- 
fesseur, interesser. 

7. E. e sounds eu in dessus, dessous. 

R. .,• 1 jt ( ressacrer, ressaiffner, ressai- 

. etnre initial, sounds) - • ^ i 

, /. * < ffuer,ressaisir,ressaluer,res- 

eu before ss. ) i^ i. 

^ t sarcele, ressasser, ressaut, 

ressauter, ressecher,. ressel, resseller, ressemblance, res- 
sembler, ressemeler, ressemer, ressentiment, ressentir, 
resserrement, resserrer, ressort, ressortir, ressouder, res- 
source, ressouvenir„ressuage> ressuer, ressui. 

q3 



174 

8. N. e sounds eu and of. 1 ^^^^^^^^^^ ^^ 
tener em j 

9. E. e sounds 6 in ressiiyer v. 

R. e is commonly pro--) ^^^ ^^^ nouTelllste,, 

nounced e and % some e, T ^„nemi,seppia,daerr6,bret- 
befo^-e other double conso- C J^^^J^ 

nants, J 

_ TIN Cverdii, hebdomadaire, tes- 

/R' e commonly sounds e\l^^^^ j^^^^^^^ septuage- 

before two or three different 1 ^^^^^^ ^^^^^^ ceitique, et- 

consonants if joined to the^ ^^^^ segment, lettre, neph- 

Jirst m pronunciation. ^^^^^^ delphine, polytech- 

nique, ethnarchie, erechth^e, sextuple^ perdreau, gertrude, 

hypermnestre^ 

^ oreb, avec, lautreck, lamech, 

R. e sounds h before these i ethelred, derechef, eh, vau- 

Jinal consonants, when ar-j bek, actuel, miel, raphael, 

ticulated, viz. b, c, d, f, h,"\ r6el, noel, julep, ver, index, 

k, 1, p, r, X. f Joseph, kell, perd, serf, of- 

^fert, bittern, 

rtransmet, bonnet, piquet, 

R. e,beforetfin^\, sounds J muguet, bluet, brouet, feuil- 

e, and t is mute. j let, douillet, beignet, goet, 

y^ inquiet. 

Ti 7 / 7 y- C chez, venez, asreez, niez, 

R. e sounds e before zA ^ontinuez, ravel, ^chouez 

(_ croyez. 



m 



final, which is mute. 



R. e sounds 6 before r f berger, narguer, trouer, prier, 
final, which is mute. \ firayer, loyer, suppleer, huer. 

R. e in monosyllables 1 
sounds h or ^ before s final >ees,des,es,les,mes,ses,tes.- 
mute. J 



R. e m 'polysyllables 



is\ 

ing<^ 



pStre, p'dtres, lionore, ho- 



^ JT X ^j ii. r 11 • I nores,nes, ardoises.repeses,. 
not affected by the following < ^^ ' ,. j- v ^ 

^ -^ . ^ -^ ^ j proues, lieues, dioceses, pa- 

(^rentheses, nargues, nague- 

res, cousues, vraies, haies, proies, recr66es. 

10. E. e sounds h «»<^ « I ad patres, ad honores. 
IS pronounced m > 



175 

C terns, empan, rembourse- 
R. em faial or before a- \ ^^^^^ demembrer, exemple^ 
nother consonant, sound na'<^^^^^^}^^Q^ novembre, de- 
sally an, m hemy mute. f^cembre* 

^ 7 V • ( septemvir,. novemvir, de- 

ll. E. em sound erne in | ^^^^.^^^^ decemviral, decem- 

virat, decempede, proem ptose, tu-autem, hem, item^ 
idem, Sem, Jerusalem, Bethl^em, Ephrem, Salem* 

7 7/- fguembe, memphite, mem- 

12. em sound nasally m, 1 phitique, pemphigode, lem- 
with m mute, in 1 baires. 

-Re befm-e mm sounds a ~J ^^^^^^4 ardemment, 
m the adverbs formed from ( f^.^ie^^^nt apparemment,, 
adjectives m ent, and m a U^ femmelette. 
Jew other words, J 

f dilemme, gemme, lemme,. 

13. E. e sounds e in < Emmanuel {both mm jtron. 

(^ in the last word) . 

T^ , /. , r emmaffasineri;, emmaiofrir r. 

Re before Tam so^'J^H emmaiUotter «, emmaScher 

nasally ^n in the words be- ^ emmanequiner »,, emman- 

ginnmg with the prepositim\ ^^j. emmarchement, emma- 

or vronoun en. spelt em. (i). f • • 

u, iJi^jiL y ^ V /• ^rmer v, emmarquiser v, em- 

melie, emmenager v, emmener v, emmenotter v, emmieller 
Vy emmitouffler v, emmitrer v, emmortaiser v, emmotte, 
emmuseler v, remmaillatter v, remmancher v, remmener v. 



(1) Too striking a proof of the ingenuity and improving skill of 
grammarians is exhibited in these words not to deserve the Reader's 
notice. Each begins with what they term the preposition or pro- 
noun en. It always sounds nasally an with 7i unuttered before ano- 
ther consonant; here they spell it em before my because emm sound 
a or e, not an. This spelling, indeed, confuses the mind with regard 
both to pronunciation and meaning ; but what have grammarians 
to do with mind ? So stupid a trick perhaps thfey are not to be 
accused of, for attraction seems to be for something in the affair. — 
What ! that god-like power discovered and ascertained by the hea- 
ven-dwelling genius of Newton ? — yes, letterly attraction by which 
two-legged n invidiously seeing ils neighbour m with three legs, 
drew another from the inkful brains of the gramma-tribe, thougk 
unwilling to stir. It may expect the same fortune in neanmoins^ 
vinmeSy tinmes, &c. which, if spelt neammoins, vimmes, timmesy. 
would be sufficiently absurd and more grammarian-like.. 



176 

14. E. e is pronounced an 1 emm^nagogues, emm^nago- 
hy sortie^ and e by others^ with > logie, emmenologie, emme- 
double m sounding, in j sostome, emmi. 

R. e sounds e before mn, *) indemne,lemniscate,clytem- 
and any two or three diffe- >nestre, agamemnon, indem- 
rent consonants. j niser v, indemnity, perdre. 

-ir 1VT • *^^i.. ^r^^ f indemnisert;, indemnite, mo- 

15. N e z. wantonly pro-\ ^^^ „,oelleux, moellon mo- 
nounced ^ by some m ( ellonnier. 

16. E. e sounds a with m ^ ^^x^^^^,^^^ solemnisert, 
»'«^^*« ^olemnite. 

T> ^ 1 r 11 jC rouen, encens, dcouen, tri- 

R, en /«aZ or followed ^ j^„ confluent, intendant, 

by another consonant, sound . entendement, renmaiUer. 

nasally an, n being, mute. (^^^^^^^ penture. 

,„ T, , „ . ("agenda, appendice, appen- 

\1. ^. en sound nasally m\^^^^^^^ ^^^'^.^^ calenf car- 

with n mute, m | ^^^^^^^ debentures, dias- , 

phendonese, elenchtique, Agen, Mentor, Benjamin, Saint- 
Ouen., 

^^ iv • f abdomen, amen, cerumen,. 

18. en sound ene z« ^ ^^^^ ^^j^^^^ 

19. en are »ro/iot«/icecZ en e 1 T«i , , 
5«some, a J nasally in j^, (. Eden, examen, hymen, glu- 
others/in ^ ^j ten, cyclamen. ^ 

r . . f accenses (public officers a- 
1Q,^,ensoundna$ally\ ^^ ^^\ mong the Romans J,. 
' ^axiin accenses (dependencies J, 

T> T 77 • r pentacontarque, pentacan- 

R en sound nasally m\^^ pentacorde, pentaco- 
«7^ ^Ae ^m^^aZ Greek word^ siom Jimne, pentacrinite, 
pent.., rjTivej. f pentacrostiche, pentadac- 

tyle, pentadecagone, pentaMre, pentaglotte, pentagon e> 
pentagraphe, pentagyne, pentalithe, pentandrie, pen tan- 
there, pentapaste, pentapetalee, pentaphylle, pentapole,, 
pentarchie, pentateuque, pentathle, pentecomarque, pen- 
tecontacorde. 

21,, E. en sound an in pentec&te*. 



177 

22. N. en are pronounced ^ 

an by some, and in by others, >pentametre. 
in } 

,^ , ^ J , ,. C vendeen, europeen, galileen, 

R. eenjinal sound em. | .^^^^^^^^ hyperborlen. 

R. een initial sound ^din, reengendrerv,reenfreindrer. 

T» . T .• -^1 f bien. rien, chiendent, chre- 

R. len sound iin, with n N ^. ^^,^^^i biens6aace, 

»*«'^- Iretient. 

23. ^, ien sound ihue i7i chretiente, 

f client, clientele, coefficient, 

24. ien sound ian in < consciencieusenient, consci- 

(^ encieux, deficient, desorien- 
ter V, efficient, Emollient, escient, excipient, expedient, 
faciende, faiencerie, faiencier, fiente, fienter r, inconveni- 
ent, ingredient, lienterie, obedienciaire, obedienciel, obe- 
diencier, orient, oriental, orientaliste, orienter v, recipi- 
endaire, recipient, remoilient, scientifique, scientifique- 
ment. 

-r, . /» 7 J- f audience, conscience, exp6- 

±1, lence final somidmnce,^. ^ '. . / • t.^ 

•^ I rience,iaience, inexperience, 

inscience, maience, obedience, omniscience, prescience, 

sapience, science, 

R. ent, the tennination\ ^ v . / ^ i 
of the third person plural 0/17''^''^' I'ent, creent, devai- 
^ J ^ * /v "^ lent, enrouent, croiroi^/if, oil- 

ier 65, are mute after a > -. .' ^ ^. J . ^ ^' 
vowel, and sound ^ y,^^i,Cf>^^nt,disent,chaUent,Yen. 

r. . 1 dent. 

ajter a consonant. J 

-y.-r A. 1 ' .7 f ardent, coincident, evident, 

N. ent sound anm tJiese) ^^^^dent. president, r6si- 
words when not verbs ; y^ abstergent, conver- 

gent, divergent, negligent, expedient, dolent, equipollent, 
equivalent, excellent, fiolent, insolent, talent, violent, ser- 
pent, adherent, deferent, different, parent, recurrent, con- 
tent, latent, patent, convent, levent, affluent. 

are mute or sound e vreak ") -, ^ . . , , , „ ^ 
in the same words when third \ '"'^^''^' , coincdent, ta lent. 

1 1 r 1 \ recurent, patent, levent, <Sc 

persons plural oj verbs ; j ,^ x. , vr ,; 

sound iin in this third ? • . 

7 > convient. 

person singular ; j 



are mute in this third per* 7 



178 

convientr 



son plural, J 

R, e before nn sounds ^ "J ennemi, garenne, parisienne^ 
or e without nasality^ and D f comprenne/i^, europeenne, 
is pronounced with the ^wc- Centre tie nne//^ doyenne, cai- 
ceeding voweL j enne,moyennant,n€meenRe. 

25. E, e sounds nasalld an^ 1 ^y ^ • 

.^; /. xA / ^ f ennoblirtJ, ennui, ennuyertv 

n'lth n joined to the next vow- > ^ l^ ir \ v. . 

. . ^ I ennuyeuseraent, ennuyeux, 

26. e sounds e or a ia couenne, coiienneuXr 

rt« 7 . f nenni, solennel, solennelle- 

27. e 50M«(f* a *« | ^^^^^ solennisation, solen- 

niserr r, solennite, rouennerie, hennir v, hennissement. m 

T» 7 / . raeruo;meux,oedipe,aedoeaffra- 

R. ae, ce *o««d e— ei, ey V . j" ^^j^^ neiger, enseigne- 
*o««rfe— eu, oeu.o««J>m-«'^g„j ■ ° „ompareiI, 

My e— eau *o««d o. ^ ^j^j,^ groseille, sonimeille, 

n^goeil, negueil, couleur, euphonie, studieux, noueux, 
glaieul, vainqueur, sinueux, fougueux, neigeux, chargeur, 
gageur, mangeur, chapeau, morceau. 

no -c • • j foeil, ceillade, oeilladerr,oein6, 

28. E. cei, uei sound eu, > ... '.„ ^^xXetene 

« , 7 I'll 71 7'i' ^ LClllclt;. Lciiict. vc/iiictc;i !«:./, 

■with 1 silent and 1 saUval m | ^jj,^^^;^ ceiUetonnerr, cueil- 

lage, cueillement, eueillaire, cueilleret, cueillette, cueilleuFy 
cueillir t?, cueilloir, accueil, acciieillir Vy recueil, recueille- 
ment, reeueilleiir, recueillir x?, recueilloir, cercueil, ^cueil^j 
orgueil, orgueilleux, orgueilleusement. 

N. cei are regularly pro- J j, ^^^^' ^ 
nouncea e 02/ some, m j 

29. ei, sounding eu z/i or- 1 
guei\,arepro7i02mc€d e % some > orgueilleux. 
zigzag purists, in onlj/ j 

fchargeure, 6grugeure, en- 

30. eu sound u in < vergeure, gageure, laceure, 

{ mangeure, pleingeure^ ver- 
geure, eu, eue, eut, eumes, eutes, euYe7it, eusse, eusses, 
eut, eussions, eussiez, enssent (from avoir to have)* 

rt^ TVT • .7 , . C seoir :?, asseoirx', surseoirr, 

31. iN. e ?5 silent m -< 1 a. • 

(^ douceatre, jean. 



sally 



179 

C rein,frein, plein, sein, serein, 
. ein or eim sound na-j atteindre, demiceint, enip- 
in, j reinte, restreindre, peinture, 

\^ enfreindre, 

R. eun sound nasally un. jeun. 

r ete, fleau, geometre, phaeton, 

■R ^ ^ ^ nlwnvs express 1 ^^^^^^^^^ cx^me, n^oenies, ne- 
K. e, e, e alxiays express j ^^^^ ^.j^. ^^^ ^..^^ 

their demcntary sounds. ^^^^^,^ r^instruire, ^ppele, 

^proces, tempete. 

32. N. 6, e, e are by somel boheme,bohemien,bohemil- 
most absurdly pronounced a, Mon, poele, poelier, pollon, 
in J poelonnee. 

33. e (worse than useless) 7 .., . . . .., .,, ^ 
i. r.rn.n.LrJ h in j godette, isiHael, poete, Src. 

C aeriser, aloetique, noe, poe- 
\ tique, 4*^« 



is pronounced e in 



e iH 



€ or a by some in 
and is 7nutc in 



f poele, poelier, moelle, moel- 
\ leux, SfC. 

J aigue, contigue, cigue, cru'e, 
\ roue, SfC. 

F. 



R. f is generally pro- 1 facile, confiture, raf, grief, 
nuunced With its elementary >chef, instructif, azof, tuf, el- 
articulation. } beuf, soif, pouf. 

clef, chef-d*oeuvre, cerf-vo* 
eteuf — la clef ouvre la 



1, E. iis mute in 



il renvoie Feteuf avec 



- p . . • J C cerf, cerfs — mettre le cerf 

1. {n or IS not pronounced,)^ ^„^ ^^^j ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^ 

3. f, 2rt boeuf, 50w/?c?<y :r^r7iTaimez-vous le boeuf a la 
the word is followed by a vowel, > mode ? 
or is at the end of the sentence; j na anger du bceuf. 

it is silent when the word is 
followed by a consonant, or is J>-du boeuf sale j des boeufs. 
plural. 



180 



4. f, in nerf, mai/ always he 
pronounced y especially before 
a vowel and at the end of a 
sentence — several never pro- 
nounce it ; 



un nerf k cet 



on coupe 
homme. 
un style plein de nerf. 
un nerf du bras. 



4 



....,,. ^, , , f une attaque de nerfs: cela 
It u silent tn the plural. J j^^j^^ les nerfs. 

5. f, in ceuf, may always he^ il mange un oeuf. 
pronounced — several do not f donner un ceuf pour avoir un 
pronounce it before a conso- ^ boeuf. 
nant ; Junoeufdur; onceuffrais. 

it is silent in the plur ah des oeufs. 

€. f, m neuf (new)yis aU'^ v, K*f r 
ways pronounced in the sinmi- S-'J^ naoit neu . 
lar, but is mute in the plural. ) des habits neufs. 

7. (, in neu( Cnine, ninth J, 1 
is pronounced when the word > trois, neuf, onze, neuf^ douze. 
is unconnected^ or in a series; } ^ 

r trente-neuf, Charles-neuf roi 

or connected to a preceding J de France, page cent-neuf 

number or word ; j du premier volume, il en 

(^veut neuf. 

/. 7, ,, J xi f neuf de iuin, neuf mai, neuf 

or followed by a word with- 1 , ^ c x • 

^ '^ . *;. .. < de coeur, neut contre seize, 

out expr€ssi7is[ its units; } i^ - j. - c 

^ ° (^ neut moms trois, neut mou- 

rurew^ mesure k neuf-quatre, neuf et quatre, de neuf a 
onze, neuf avec nous. 

it sounds v before a word'\ «, p, 

, • . . vA 7 1 f neut ecus, neut hommes, cin- 

bestnmnff with a vowel or h\ ^ i> J 

mute, ^hose units are ^x- H"a"te-neuf ans. neuf oc 
pressed by uev£; ) tantiemes. 

it is silent before a itJort/ "^ neuf personnes, neufheros, 
beginning with a consonant f quarante-neuf livres, neuf 
or h aspirated, whose units t cent, neuf millions, neuf 
are expressed by neuf. j quinziemes, neuf neuviemes. 

Please to make out tkis Chinese puzzle, b^ preceding directions (1). 

neuf cent neuf 90,9. 

neuf habits neufs • • • • 9 new coats, literally 9 coats new. 

neuf chapeaux neufs. • 9 new hats 9 hats new. 

un neuf neuf . . • 1 new 9 one 9 new. 

neuf neuf neufs 9 new 9*s 9 9*s new. 

<^M^f ■! I 11 1^ lllWlgllMI ■■ L * "" ■ ■'■ '■■■■ ■■—■I —— I... . I.. ■■ , — — .■ ■! !■< ■ IMI IP**— i———— .————— 

(1) Ave, ave, aves esse aves ? 



181 

r affaire, effeminer, effleurer, 
R. fF sound f < difforme, chauffer, bouffon, 

(^ offrir* 

Connexion. 

R. f final is alxvai/s pro-l ^^^^ j^^^^^, ^^^.^ ^^ 

nouncea ut connexion, except >. . -n i . 
^, ; .. 7 i ^out, soil ardente. 

Me cases above mentioned^ j 

G. 

^gateau, engourdir, degoufler, 

H. g denotes a guttural \ gauche, ambigu, ambigiie, 

articulation before a, o, u,< gros, dogme, sanglier, aug- 

and any consonant but n. I mente, larghetto, enghien, 

V^bourgmestre. 

1. E. g (thejirst) is pro- 1 gangrene, gangrener v, gan- 
nouneed c by some in J g^eneux. 

r imbroglio, imbroghe, doigt, 
^ . II 7. 7 . J doiffter r, doi2:tier, sansrsue, 

2. g IS mute and 1 salival in -^ ^i„|taine, vingtains, ying- 

^tieme. 

II. g, followed by u «W6/ ") distinguates, conjuguons, 
another vowel^ is guttural, >guerir, languit, sanguin, 
and u is mute; see at U, j longueur, dialogue. 

n.gsouvdsj before e, i,j.] ^§*^' g^n^alogie gyrovague, 
° ^^ ^ ' ' J ^ sergent, engm, tourangeau, 

geindre, geant, geographe, spongieux, engagions. 

B/. g, followed by e awr/ljaugeage, geolier, fargeau, 
another vowel, sounds j, c/x^/ >nageoire, pigeon, exigeant, 
e is mute, j geai. 

R. 2: 25 pronounced j before ") , p 

7 ■ J * ' ji-7 ( laro:eur, coura^euse, lour- 

eu, zt7?^c/i retain their etemen- > '^ i ^ i? 

^./^V sound e ; .ee a^ E. 3 ^^S^"^' ombrageux, forgeur. 

R. gn medial ^re^a/zW; 7 ?^-^^^' ^^"^"' ^^^mpagne, 
seev.\41, Mvrogne, consigne, agneau, 

^* ' 3 compagnie. 

o 17 7^7 7 f a&nacat, a^nat, affnathes, 

Z.hj.mareboth pronounced y ^ .- J ^ 

.^y ^^ ,' I . < agnation, aornatique, aanoi- 

witnout 6aiivmness m j . ® v.® ^ ' ® 

(^ tes, agnoetes, cognat, cog- 

nation, cognatique, diagnostique, elaeagnoides, geognosie, 

igne, ignicole, ignition, impregnation, inexpugnable, mag- 



182 

nat, pathognomonique, physiognomonie, pignoratif, preg- 
nant, pregnation, progne, pyro-lignite, recognition, regni- 
cole, restagnation, stagnant, stagnation, stegnotique, 
syngnathe. 

4.N. gn are salivalorboth 1 incognito. 
pronounced in 3 

^,gis silent andximsalivall^\%n\ei, Regnard (the nmnc 
„-^ ^ oj a French writer). 

R. gn initial are both pro- 7 a ^^ gnemon, gnavelle. 
nounced without sahvalness. 3 ° 

6. E. gn are pronounced en 7 Qiji^j^^ 
by some in j 

gn are pronounced ni in 






gnou. 

R. g final, preceded by al ^ ^j^.j^ ^jg^ag 

n:oxvel, is pronounced guttural, j^ ^' ^ 

7. E. sis mute in legs, prelegs. 

, , J J y ( long, rang, sang, 6tang, ha- 

R. g final, preceded by a^ ^^^^^ ^^-^^^ p^i^^^ oing, 

consonant, is mute. ^ coing, faubourg, luxem- 

bourg, ^dimbourg, magdebourg, calembourg, amberg- 

8. E. g is pron. k by some; 1 
g guttural by others, and is > bourg, joug. 
made silent by many, in J 

R. gg sound gj bef ore lagg^e, suggeste, suggerer, 
e, i, y. j suggestion. 

R. gg sound g before a, 7 ogga, agglom6rer, aggluti- 
o, u, and consonants. 3 nation, reaggraver. 



4 



Connexion. 

R. g final, pronounced 
guttural, retains this articu- 
lation before a vowel or h' 
mute, in connexion^ 

9. N . g, in bourg, is pro- 
pronced k by some, and not 
nounounced by many, before a 
>i}0wel; it is generally silent 
before a consonant. 



Feclair forme sou vent un zig- 
zag admirable ; briseeejoug 
ignoble ; un bourg habite 
par des gens laborieux ; il 
^instigue Agag k guerroyer. 

allez au bourg acheter de la 
viande; le bourg oil vous 
demeurez me plait fort; le 

I bourg tient le mileu entre la 
ville (pron. vile) et le vil- 

^lage (pron. vilage). 



183 

10. g sounds guttural in bourg-^pine. 

,, . . . , ( nous le secouons enfin ce 

,11. g tn joug IS «/»'«f \joug odieux; vous vous 

pronounced guttural, or hkekK^^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^ . ^. . 

by some, and never uttered^ ^ j^ . ^^ ^^^^^ j^ 

by others. (.liberty k rhomme. 

^^ . , fun lonff hippodrome; ce 

12 g in long, sang, rang, V ^ ^^^^.^ fut d^cu; ce ty- 

sounds k 6e>re t^oi^e/., ?/. « < ran s'abreuva de sang et de 
solemn St]/ le. (larmes, jusquk ce que son 

sang 6teignit la vengeance des opprimes; n^ d'un sang 
impur, il tient un rang elev6; vous tenez le premier rang 
entre les auteurs ; le sang et Teau sont la meme chose 
pour les conquerans. 

13. g always sounds k in 7 suer sang et eau (pron, 
the expression ysankeo). 

- - . ., , , rharenff oeuv^; coins: odori- 

14. ff IS said never to be\ p/ ^ -iv ,^ 

^ J • 1 /. \ reran t; voiia un etane: mi- 

pronounced m hareng, etang, ) ^ jj ^.^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^ 

semg poing, oing, nor n^ ^^^ ^^ ,,^^^^ ^,j^ ,^^j ^ »^^^ 

joined to the next vowel. (^ ^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^ j^^ ^^^^ 

yeux; il faut un peut de vieux oing a ces roues. 

rie faubourg avoisine la mer; 

R. g, preceded by r, 2* \ mettez Cherbourg en 6tat 

generally silent, and r isjoin^l de defense; Konigsberg en- 

ed to the next vowel. j voie des troupes, calem- 

V^bourg insignifiant. 

15. N. tl>ej!rst g is §«««J^aT^r"Si«7v''!it"^iT 
vaL and the second site fit in j i^ "^ " -t 

' t 4^^ A homme avili. 



H. 



R. h never sounds by itself' 
in French. It is (absurdly 
therefore) distinguished by 
the names of mute and aspi- 
rated. 

h is mute in (about 1000 
wordsy most of' which techni- 
cal) 



h6roine,heros,homme,harpe, 
heure, hameau, hopital, hou- 
lette, humeur. 

heroine, heroisme, homme, 
heure, hopital, humeur, ^c. 
(pron. eroine). 



184 

^ , . • ^ T ^,7 ^ • i-heros, harpe, hameau, hou- 
1. h '« aspirated r</Ja^e*rjg^^lj^^l/^^^^^jjjj^^jjj 

mute, but called aspimtedl ^^ ^^^ ^^. haillou, haine, 

without aspiration) m (about 1 hafr«,halle,hallebarde,han- 

^W> ^ord,, most oj xckichJ ^^^ haquen^e, harangue. 



usual) 



harasser r,harceler t-,harde». 



^// W*, *fg;»«^»g/^^^^lhardi,hareng,hargneux,ha- 

^fPf, ',''r'''/''?.1" ff ricot, harnais, Imrpie, ha- 
AlphabeticalList attheend.y^^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^^ 'hautain, 

hauteur, heraut, here, herisse, herisson, heron, herse, 
hetre, hibou, hideux, hierarchic, hochet, homard, honte, 
hoquet, horde, hors, hotte,^ houblon, houille, housard, hous- 
piller X), housse, houssine, huees, huguenot, huit, humer v, 
huppe, hurler i>, hutte, ah I eh! oh! {pron.ero, arpe, Sfc) 

TVT 1 7 ^ 7 ' r^heurter, aheurtement, de- 

N h. between vowek is I j^^j d^hancher, d^harder, 

said by some to be aspirated / i/i i I'l i 

, .*^^, , . ^. V , < deharnacher, deharnache- 

onty in the derivatives of words \ . j/u-I j^i -4.^ j^ 

, •^' . 'j^T 'J. '^ i ment, dehait, dehaite, de- 

^ o * V^herence, dehiscence, dehon- 

te, dehors, dehousser, ehanch6, ehonte, ehouper, rehacher, 

rehanter, rehasarder, rehaussement, rehausser, rehauts, 

reheurter. 

^ahi (/?. a"i not ai, e), ahan, 

always and V ever ^ by others; \ ahaner, ahores, ahouai, ahu- 

but^ whatever be its name^ it 'I rir, alcohol, annihiler, ap- 

prevents the junction of vowels, J prehender, antihydropique, 

V^bahut, bahutier, beauhar- 
nais, behourd, bohourt, bouhours, bihai, bihoreau, bahar, 
boheme, bohon, brehaigne, breh^m^, brouhaha, brouhi, 
buhot, buhottier, cahier, cahin-caha, cahosset, cahot, ca- 
botage, cahoter, cahuottier, cahute, chupmessahites, co- 
habiter, cohel, coherence, coheriter, coheritier, cohesion, 
cohier, cohober, cohorte, cohue, coracohyoidien, couhage^ 
crohol, dihelie, dihexaedre, eherber, evohe, gehuph, gehir, 
gehenne, ispahan, jehebo, jehovah, kahouane, kihaia„ 
mahaleb, maherne, maheutre, mahogou, mahomet, maho- 
m^tan, mahometisme, mahon, mahot, mahou, mahumerie, 
mahute, mohabut, moharre, mohatra, nihil, ohin, pleuro- 
hyoidien, prehension, prohiber, prohibitif, prohibition, re- 
hab, rehabilitation, rehabiliter, rehabitue, rohan, rohaut, 
souhait, souhaiter, spahi, stylohyoidienne, tocanhoha, 
trahine, trahir, trahison, vahou-ranou, vehemence, vehe« 
mentement, v^hiculcj^ d^c* 



f 



185 

R. h mute does not affect") ,, ,,,■•, 

the preceding consonant (ex- ( abhorre, adhesion,mhumain, 
ceptc, g, p), nor disjoin it ^ exhumer, khan, Ihomond, 
fiom thffolLing towel. ) *"'»^'^' »^l»eteur. 

■R. or rather IE.. \^^V^:^ ^^y^^^u, enhaillonn6, en- 
rated medial prevents jf f hair v, enhardir v, enhar- 
possible, the junction of the >^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^ 
preceding consonant to the V ^^^^ 
jGllowing vowcli J 

N. Whether h he aspi- "Y 

rated or mute, it cannot pf e- Lxhaussement, exhausser v. 
vent the junction of soundtng I 

K to the following vowel, in J 

C thomas, arithmetique, or- 

R. th sou7id t, not as inj thographe, pantheon, ath- 

English.- j lete, synarthrose, thesmo- 

(^tethe. 

-r» ^y r 1 7 r Elisabeth, zenith, bismuth, 

R. th final are pronounced | ^gtaroth, archiluth. 

2.Er th are silent in goth, ostrogoth, visigoth. 

R. sh, between t?owe&, 7 deshonorer,deshabituer,des- 
soxind Zr j humaniser, gentishommes, 

3. N. sh sound ch (as sh 7 i i^^ -c 

m hnglish) tn y * 

R, . gh sowid g guttural. ghisol, borghese, ghazal, 

R. ph somd f. i philosophie, daphn^, para- 

^ (^phrase, apophthegme. 

R. ch, before a t;or.e/, C^J^^'^^^^' ^^^'*'??^' J^^^^^^^^ 
sound like sh in English. i P^auss^r, zachee, choisir, 

° t jonchaie, chiche. 

4iE. ch sound kin, (see Ichorkte, orchestre, chal- 
^ C.J j deen ^^c. 

R. ch, before a consonant, 7 chlorose, parachronisme, 
sound k. j" melanchthon, chthoniens, 

R, ch final sound k. sumach. 

5. E. ch are silent in Cseel! , , 

atCjj j-almanach.. 

k3^ 



Connexion. 

R. h mute, in connexion, 
requires the elision and some- 
times suppression of the pre- 
ceding e simple, and never 
hinders the articulating of 
preceding consonants. 



66 

une heure ( pron. uneui 
maiivaise habitude, coupes 
cette herbe, vous defendez 
4 votre honneur, no tie hypo- 
these, contre-hermine, en- 
tre-hiverner, rhymne, Fhar- 
,_monie, il fhumilie, tu m'ho- 



nores, n'h6site pas, un nombre d'histoiiens, elle s'habitue^ 
ne faites qu humecter, les habits (pron, lezabi), un petit 
homme, un grand homme, vieillards honores, bonnes 
hotesses, ils yivent heureux, mouvem^nt horizontal, il dis- 
court habilement, son humeur, mon habitation, ton hor- 
loge, en homme, avec horreur, par humanite, vous n'^tes 
pas trop hospitalier, rendez hommage aux h^ro'iques 
vertus {pron.,..au zeroiques). 

les h^ros (pron. le 6ro), a tout 



R. h, termed aspirated, 
has often a retroactive effect. 
It then kicks, as it were, 
and won't be ridden, if it 
can help it, by preceding 
consonants; not caring if it 
throws both words into the< 
yawning chasm of hiatus, 
H aspirated is not a conso- 
nant, since unheard, but is 
merely disjunctive, prevent- 
ing elision^ and sometimes 
consonation. 



hasard, quand haranguerez- 
vous ? ces courageux hou- 
sards, ton hameau, je mange 
mon haehis, on lui met son 
harnais, vous avez Fair d'un^ 
herisson, excellents haricots^ 
vertueux huguenots, trop ha- 
tee, en son chemin heurt6e, 
en hantant les grands, je 
vais vous houspiller, nous 
vimes le vaisseau aux hau- 
teurs indiqu^esj tu as hai 






ces hideux hurlements, j'ai 
eu un hibou ou chat-huan, il fossoya au hoyau, 

Joab hata sa marche (pron» 



R. the stubborn thing is 
sometimes obliged to carry 
the rider on its back, in spite 
of its pretended aspiration; 
and that happens when the 



joab^a), Jacobhaissaitrido-^ 
I'^trie, 'un roc haut de cent 
toises, on dit le thalmud 
herisse d'absurdes reveries, 
un chetif hameau, un cheval 



preceding consonant or con- -i ^ ,/ x/ i u 

i,^^ 4. i:^ 1 ^ ^ ' harnache, Jerusalem hon- 
sonant before last must ne- ^ x ' . i 

cessarih be 'nronouncpd Tf *^"^^ *^ ^^^ crimes, il ap- 
cessanlyoe pronounced. It .^^ ^.^^^ brigand, Philo- 

i, joined to the vowel after 1 ^ h^ros; nous cing- 
h, wUcK ^f a cmsonant, H ^^^ ^^^^ j^ hardiment. 
would prevent the junction. (^ , hasard, Felix heurte i 



187 

laporte, cafards hideux, vous serez toujoursitableur, 3 
court haletant, infect herisson. 



-> 



R. if aspirated h can 
often silence letters that may 
speak, it makes them speak 
which are mute; that is, e 
simple, elided before vowels 
or h mute, and (as well as 
ent, the termination of the 
third person plural of verbs) 
pronounced weak before con- 
sonants as if unwritten, 
sounds forcibly en before h 
aspiraied,whichpr€vents the 
elision.— It is a stratagem to 
protecthfrom being ran over 
as in the preceding Rule. 
This ridiculous practice 
would be useless were h 
really aspirated. 



r 



J 



^ternelle haine {pron. 6ter- 
nelleu aine), excellente 
liarpe, quel pauvre havre- 
sac, sa fameuse harangue, 
un sale harpagon, la cheve- 
lure herissee, convert d'inde- 
crottables haillons, un chan- 
cre hideux, pauvre here, j ai 
presque herse tout le champ, 
ils veule?i^ hasarder, ils ne 
peuvent hausser, ils parais- 
sent hagards, sans te hair, 
pour me h^ter, tu ne fais 
que hounir, je t^che de le 
happer, contre-heurtoir, ils 
s'entre-haissew^. 



^ , , • A J C beros, henriade, honffrois, 

N. h is always aspirated 1 j^^^^,^^^ hongrer, huitain, 

^^ {^huitaine. 



6. in Henri (proper 
name), if the style be ele- 
vated; 



le vertueux Henri, Fintre- 
pide Henri, il parle a Hen» 
ry, fie-toi en Henri, les 
Henris. 



fHollande, Hongrie, huit 

7. most generally in < (see this word at T), huiti- 

(^^ erne, huitiemement — nous 
venons de Hollande, il va en Hollande, la reine de 
Hongrie, Fancienne Hongrie, le huit du mois, les huit 
francs, ils sont huit en tout, le huitieme, les huitiemes, 
cent huitiemes, ils prononce/if huitiemement.. 

_ . ^ . TT f Vive Henri-Quatl'e, ce dia- 

8. buth IS mute %n^en-\^^^ v ^^^^,^j On ne parle 

x\, provided the style be not <^^:^^^ d^Henri-Quatre, On 
too sublime. (^ne par le que du cheval, 

ia statue d'Henri-Qtiatre, le bon Henri, voyez Henri. 



1 



188 

9. we are allowed to say ) i,tt i, -, , \t „ p 
with or without elision i. Hollande or de Hollande, 
witftof without elision. ^ ^^^ point d'Hongrie, eau de 

la reine d'Hongrie or de Hongrie. 

10. we always say ^ithy'^^^'^fl^P/'^^^^^ 

elision and consonation, } / 7. "I ' ^^' . ^^"^ "1^ 

( \pion, dizuite), vmgt-huit 

{pron. ymimie), trente-huitieme, ^c. dix-huitieme-ment,^ 

f lieroicite,heroi-comiqiie,he- 
h w always mute m ^ roide, heroifier, heroine, he- 

( roiGjue, heroi'quement, hero- 
isme, holland^e, hoUander, hollandille, hollandiser, hol- 
landaise (a machine), hongroyeur,. hongrieur, henri (a^ 
coin), Henriette. t 

11. h zs aspirated withV, ,. , ,. 
srnne, ^ mute with others, in J hongrehne-une hongrehne- 

12. h seems to pass /or / Hollandais — ces bons Hol- 
mute in j landais, il parle hoUandais. . 

,R. h, when standing for '^ une h aspir^e, une h muette,v 
its own name, and called ( vous faites de belles h. | 
ache, is mute^ and a sw6-/ils ecriyent h, quelle pestef 
stantive feminine. j quel'h!: J 

^ , 7j J 1 , 1 /^rh aspire, rh muet, le h, du 

R. when called he r^wj, 4 j,, au h, Hi, de I'h, k I'h, les 
h zs^ both mute and aspi-J ^ ^^^ j, ^„^ h, un beauh, 
r^ted and IS a substantive^ ^^ ^^^ j^ ^j^ ^ grand h, 
mascuhne. (^^^^ h or ce h a«d ces h com- 

meiicew^ a me fatiguer, ,allez vous promener avec vos h. 

N. The unclassical and illiterate, who are, at least, to 
the learned as ninety -nine to one, make no distinction of 
h; and (in my individual opinion) are far more correct, 
because more rational than those who have or pretend to 
Iiave the greatest claims to accuracy and classicalness, for 
there is no real difference in the pronunciation of h mute 
and h aspirated. They pronounce with or without con'-- 
sonation and real aspiration, just as they please, but in 
the same manner: les heros, les heroines, vous haissez, , 
vous heritez, un peu d'hachis, un peu d'humeur, belle 
harpe, belle horloge. Hereafter h mute initial will be 
considered as nothing in pronunciation, and the word as.. 



189 

beginning with a vowel; h aspirated as a consonant ^ 
though neither heard nor affecting the word it begins, and 
will be distinguished by an italic (i). 



(l) In France I had always believed, on authority, that we too,, 
like the Greeks and Romans, could boast of an aspirated h, though 
I had not a very clear idea of its nature. But at the first Frencli 
lesson I gave in this country, my pupil taught me we had none, 

I was amazed to hear him pronounce heros, hameau like hat^ 
heart; however, magisterial duty and charity required my advising 
him not to set his lungs to so hard a work, and waste of vital air. 
My astonishment increased, when, to prove he was right, he adduced 
Chambaud*s authority, who says, ** it {h aspirated) is pronounced, 
with a hard aspiration, as in host, hunting;*' — and L^visac*s, 
who declares, *' h, when aspirated, is sounded with a strong gut- 
tural impulse.'* I looked rather foolish, and was afraid to see him 
question my qualification of being a native of France, freshly come 
from the schools of Paris. However, 1 replied, there was no doubt 
but this aspirating of h was very correct and fashionable in the 
reign of our good kingDagobert, and perhaps down to the epoch of 
the learned authors ; but that time had so much enfeebled our con- 
stitutions, that if such an aspiration were now to be regularly used, 
it would soon be followed by a total soul-exspiring. I still persist 
in this statement, and support it by the all and self-overwhelming 
authority of the Grammaire des Grammaires, which, after saying 
that 7i aspirated gives a guttural articulation to the sound of the 
fallowing vowel, adds (p. 38, 2d [edit.) these curious words: — *^ 11 
seroit a souh.aiter que Ton eijit quelques regies generates pour 
distinguer les mots* oii Ton aspire la lettre h de ceux oii elle est 
muette.'* Now is it not plain that if we cannot distinguish the^ 
words wherein we aspirate h from those wherein it is mute, it is 
because we do not really aspirate? and that if we really aspirate, 
we have no need of rules; for aspiration must be as much a self- 
distinction as any other sound and articulation? The only thing 
necessary, if we had an h aspirated, would be a gi'aphic mark to 
distinguish it from h mute, for the sake of uninformed readers, not 
of speakers. Mr. Boiste also is candid enough to make this kind 
of confession, p. 98, Second Part of his Dictionnaire Universel de la 
JLangue Francoise, 4th edit. ** On trouve au Dictionnaire tous les 
mots dans lesquels cette lettre (//) est aspir^e au commencement, 
precedes de ce sigtie (:) ; mais cela n'empeche pas que cette aspira^ 
tion ne puisse tressouvent disparoitre dans les conversations et que 
Ton de puisse dire un coup d'halleharde pour de hallebarde; ce- 
pendant on ne pourroit dire sans une negligence qui d^gen^reroit 
eix populacerie (why ? ), donnez-moi unpen d* hachis ^^ouv dc^ hachis. 

II faudroit prendre ainsi les mots I'un apr^s Tautre, et peut-etre 
cette revue clioqueroit-elle heaucoup de personnes qui croyent tres- 
hien parler et qui tombent dans ces negligences^' There are, you 
see, many persons who neglect and very likely despise h aspirated, 
thinking nevertheless they speak ve^y well, and who would, 
perhapsj, be affronted were Mr. Boiste to say they do not, especially 



IS 



190 
I. 

R. i and i before ^/^fli^ "ez, piissime, fiole, dm^^ 

vowels, andivith most conso-) "^'^ "^^.*' f^'^> W}oient, bri- 

nants, preserve their elemenA'''^' ^'^"^^ ™"^' ^^!^' 
^ari/ .ow;^./.. / ^""^"^^^ coriambe rien, sci- 

V^ence, lion, penible, ivre, 
abime, mourir, tie, pilon, rimer, dina, ami, peri. 

It. i, followed by e mutey 1 n . ,. . . . 
lona. \ nerais, chirurgie, crierie. 

R' ^^ . ^ , fconsulaire, trainer, monnaieJIi 

. ai, ai, or ei, ei, sound ) • ; • • 

singly he. ^ songeaie/i^, vemeux, peigne^ 

•^ ' * (^ seine. I 

R. ai sound sinqly k in^ n - - • • i • • 

the Preterit and Future ^/•(fla.rai,jouerai,mena,,boirai. 
'^erbs, \ ^tudiai, saluai, nouai. J 

ii S',!:T.f*''^T''f^'4«l»Po'ies, oubliions, ^dryitv 
11, yi, ui, eui, om, which ex- > • ri • /• • *^ 

press two sounds. j '■"•"^' '*'^"''"' "^^ao^'^s^nce. 

R. oi sound e in the Im- 1 courois, dansoit, gageoienf, 
perfect and Conditional of >faitignoit, cherirois, plairoi- 
verbs, yent, engo«oie/«i^, 

o • ^ T^ envoi, courroie, valoir, an- 

.« - ""' oj' «'-«i»'-'>«''««''«,<^( toine, 6toile, cloitre, accroi- 
oa, oa and by some oua, oe, \ bourgeois, turquoise, 

co^;,med t« Me ^^recerfm^ ) angoumois. bavarois, cala- 

( brois^ champenois, chinois, 
condommois, comtois,danois,dantzicois, dieppois, gaulois, 
genevois, genois, hibernois, hongrois, illinois^ iroquois, 
pertois, remois, siamois, suedois, valentinois, vaudois, 
verdunois, viennois. 



having, it appears, no populacerie about themselves, and being as 
much Messieurs and Dames as Monsieur Boiste the lexieo-builder. 
In order to give an air of truth to their dream, grammarians have 
recourse to delusions, namely, the disjunction of words and change 
of the sound of final e simple int'> the ridiculous ew, a practice un- 
thought of in Greek, Latin, German, and English, in which h or 
the spiritus asper is uttered. To conclude : what is called, in 
French, h aspirated, is a mere fanciful nominal thing, a gross im- 
posture, an arbitrary, troublesome, and useless distinction, esta- 
blished by rusty pedants, observed by slavish, finical or half-learned 
purists, and is utterly unknown to the bulk of the nation. 



191 

1. E. oi, ol, sound e, ^, in f^ff^jWir v, affoiblissement, 
these words, which are net- ) l^^^""'^^ apparoiti;e v, bour- 

ther imperfects nor eo^c;z.V''"''T/ '''''"P^''''^'^''' ^''''" 
tionals § "^i^^^"*^* connoissance, 

V.c^w"^issement, connoisseur, 
connoitre v, dijonois, disparoitre v, ecossois, foiblage, 
foible, foiblement, foiblesse, foiblir v, harnois, hollandois, 
irlandois, japonois, lyonnois, meconnoissable, meconnois- 
sance, meconnoitre v, monnoie, monnoierie, (also mon- 
noyage, monnoyer v, monnoyere, monnoyeur) nivernois, 
orleanois, paroitre v, polonois, reconnoissable, 4*0. repa- 
roitre v. 



oa^ oua, oe, oue, 7 f^^„^^j^ {Francis), 



2.oisow7irf<{ 



in 
e in 



franfois {French), 

V V C avoine, charolois, ivroie* 
oa, oua, oe, oue, \ Ji . • j • i 

V . ' V marseillois, roide, roideur, 
or em j • 1,1 -j. ' ' 

(^ roidillon, roidir v. 

/'anchois,barrois,bavois, ber- 

e in these words \ nois, briois, chinois, contois, 

when Imperfects < gaulois, g^nois,gravois,hon- 

of verbs, i grois, marnois, matois, mi- 

(^nois, pantois, parois, patois, 
pavois, sourdois, tournois, tramois, valois, co- 
^,01 sound J toient, coudoient, devoient, fetoient, flamboient, 
louvoient, renettoient, soudoient, tournoient, 
versoient 



oa, Sfc, in the 
same, when not 
verbs, or are 
Presents. 



anchois, barrois, Sfc. com- 
tois, genois, patois, Sfc, c6- 
toient, devoient, renettoient, 
Sfc. 

4:.iismute,o alone sounds lencoignure, oignon, oigno^- 
in j niere, oignonet. 

R. im or in unfollowed by 1 imbibe, joachim, dandin, 
a vowel, sound nasally, m > simplicite, terebinthe, vin- 
and n being silent, j mes, soutinmes. 

5. E. im are both sounded 7 interim, platatim, Ibrahim, 
without nasality, in J parnassim, Selim, Crim. 

T> . - . r immeuble, immortel, inno- 

R. imm or mn are not ) • u 1 1 • 

, < cenee, mnombrable, grimm, 

'^^*'*^- (brinn. 



192 / 

R. imn are all three fro- 7 limnacides, mimnerme, lim- 
nounctd without namlity, J norie. 

K. aim or aiii ; eim or 1 daim, pain, Rheims, {])ron. 
ein denote the dngle nasal\xmQ,(^), reiir, maintenant, 
aound in j peintre. 

R. im or in sound sepU' ^ i • • . • 

v^jr I ( Aoin, smnter, marsoum, 

rfl^e/j/ from any preceding > ^-^ ^ -^^ 

"vowel but a and e. J / 

u flr/io w «7ewf fl/?e?' gr a/jt? q. < ^ . ^ ' x- ' ^ ! 

C quimpercorentm, ^ 

R. i initial, followed hy 

II, r/oe^ not make them ^a- ( lustre, illegal, illisible. 
iivat^ and both are pro- ' 
nounced. See at L. 

R. i medial, followed hy 1 fiUe, pillard, billet, griWois^ 
11, makes them salivaL — > egrilloir, castillan, postilion, 
See at L. j habillement. * i 



E. See at L. 

R. i, preceded hy a vowel, 
and followed by 1 or 11, renders 
them salival, but is neither 
pronounced y nor affects the 
preceding sound. 



ville. 

travail, sommeil, chevreuil, 
fenouil, mangeaille, paille, 
piaille, ouaille, efFeuiller, 
quenouille, oille, imbroille, 
cuillere, cuillier, juillet, 
veille, vieille, brouillard. 

R. i is distinctly pronoun- ") .„ .„ .,, 

ced, preceded by u silent after V?^^^"! ^ ,^^^^^^> giullaume, 
g and q; it makes 11 salival. ) oequiUard. 

R. oi sound oa, S^c, before 
a single 1 final without sali 
valness, 

il final. -See at L. 



w >poil, nigroiK 



rfile, pilote, davila, aquilon, 



R. i gives no sallvalnessj guilee, habilement, aile, 
to a single 1 medial. j baile, hailer, eilat, etoilee, 

(^troile, tuileau. 

R. i, im or in do not coa- 
lesce with the prece 
c en ted vowel. 



not cofl- ") ^neide, plebeien, reimpres- 
uiing ac' > g-^jj^ reinstaller, ambigiiite. 



193 

rlaique^ theiforme, zo'ile, 

R. i or in are separated \ roioc, cain, tarpeien, mai- 

/•j/ tlie diceresis from o^/^er< ence, paien, ai'eiil, conti- 

rowels. j gu'ite, pinguin, quintuple, 

{^{pron, pinguin qiiintuple), 

R. im final sound ime. ^aim, ephraim, 

J. 

R. j is always and ^/^f- 7: jamais, toujaurs, jeunesse, 
Jormly pronounced like g ^;i ("jQ^cher/ 
g^» g^ gy* g^^» geo, geu. 3"^ 

K. 

R. k is alx^ays and mM^^f^^^ ^"^«*' Koran, 
formly pronounced like c ,>J i^urte.Keraunosc^pie^&^^ 
Vq po PI, J «^etre, Kynelle, Kakkerlac, 

'^^*^''^^^^' (Kopstuck, 

L. 

R/" laborieux, olympe^ 6valuei% 
1 . . 7 1 pouloe, cloison, capable, 

, I IS most cotiimonlij ; in i ^ i r i 

, , " < bible, cycle, carnaval, plu- 

pronounced. i » i • i i i *^ i 

^ J riei, rossignoi, calcul, paul^ 

(^trisaieul^ capitoul, 

l.V..\udkntm Ir"''' r'' ^"V ^^"^"'' 

J^ bommes(/^ro;?,gentizomme.) 

and y familiarly speaking, in quelque, cela, (pioz/V sa). 

R, Id or it final are silent "^ Rochefoucauld, Fontev- 
after au c'ay/ ou, j rault, Menehould, 

il, bissextil, Bresil, civil, 

II, I. final preceded by the \ exil, fil, Nil^ pistiij profil, 

oiily voxvel i, is pronQunced J ^weril, sextil, subtil, viF, 

without saliralness, J vinl,volatil,transfil, tranche- 

fih 

( baril, chenil, coutil, fenil, 
2. E. lis mute in ^ fournil, fraisil, fusil, nom« 

I bril, outil, persil, sourcil. 



i 




194 



1 in fils {threads) sounds, 
and s is mute before conso- 
nants, 

1 in fils (son, sons) is mute, 
and s is never pronounced by 
some but like Zy injunction, 
before a vowel; ahcays s (f ice) 
by many, and by others only 
at the end of sentences. 



fils de soie, brouiller Ie§ 
fils, des fils enchev^tres. 

un fils aime, son fils lui 
parle, il parle ^ son fils, ces 
fils honoxent leur p^re, ce 
fils ^ait sa mere, fi ! des fils 
dii fils, son fils fitTouvrage, 
ilfaudrait que vos fils {sons) 
fissent des fils {threads). 



1 



in 



is pronounced mualivall-^ ^i^^„,^„jj^ 



salival in 



C mil (millet), avril, gresil/ 
\ peril. 



sounds with or without 1 o-^Qgii 
salivalness in j * 

is pronounced salival by 1 ^j, ^,J, ^^ ^ji,_ 

some, and not by others, in ^ 

is not pronounced by many ; 1 
is salivally by some, and un- > babil. 
salivally by others, in j 

is generally jnute in prose, 7 , ,.i 
but salival in poetry, in J ^^^ * 

gentil (pagan) — un gentil 
avec un obretien, le gentil 
se convertit enfin, un fi- 
dele trouve un gentil //ideux. 



IS never pronounced by 
several, always and unsaUtal 
by some, and only in the sin- 
gular, before vowels, by 
others^ in 



is pronounced, and salival 
only in the singular, before- 
vowels, in 



il fut I'apotre des gentils. 

genti' {pretty) — gentil enfant, 
gentil histrion,gentil-homme 
gentil ^ousard, gentil Ber- 
nard, gentils enfants, vous 
^tes bien gentils. 

R. a single 1 medial is^iot 7 gentile, fertilite,filon,poilon, 
made salival by preceding i. j ruiler, quilot, cailar, voila. 

C gentilhomme, gentilhom- 
3. E. 1 is salival in ^ meau, gentilhommer v, ^2i\- 

I tilhommerie, gentilhommi- 
ere, Milhaud, Pardalhac, Filhon, Marsilhargues. 



195 

R. 11, preceded hi/ i initial, ") illusion, illatif, illiberal, illu- 
are unsalivaly and both pro- > miner, illegalite, illutatioii, 
nounced, j illustrissime. 

R. 11, preceded by i medial, C §^"*i"«' f^"?'"^ ' "'"^t' *«"[- 
aremostoftensadal; a«rf i 1 f '"«"' corbillard. sourcil- 
is silent if preceded by one or\ leux, sautil ement cmlleron, 

* . ~!) I . .,^;o i laiiioise, oiile, oei lade, ca- 

t wo sounded vowels. / .„ ,' .„ ^ ^ .„ ^ . ., 

V^naille, /^ouiiie, treiiie, criail- 
lerie, jouailler, imbroille, cuilleree, quoailler, vieillesse, 
veuillcw^, veille, ceill^re, babilliez, fouaillions, mouilliez, 
conseilliez, effeuillions — accueille, recueilliez. 

N. i is pro?wunced, pre- j ^.nguiWe, jonquille, guil- 
ceded byn^ silent after gandq, \ laume,. boquillon^ 

4. E. 11 are not salival in \ ^^^^"^' ..^""^^^ armilles, 

I campaniUe, codicrlle, dis- 

tillateur, distillation, distiller r, gille, gillerie, imbeeille, 

imbecillite, instiller r,. Lille, logistille, niille, millegreux, 

milliaire, milliard, milliasse, millieme, millier, milligramme, 

millimetre, million, millionieme, millionnaire, mutille, 

myrtille, papille, pupille, ruillee, ruiller v, scille, scillitique, 

sebille, sille, smille, smiller v, squille, squillitique, tran- 

quille, tranquillement, tranquilliser v, tranquillite, villace, 

village, villageois, villanelle, villaquerie, villatique, ville- 

giature, villenage, villette, ville. — Abbeville, Angerville, 

Belleville, calle ville, Cbarleville, dierville, Gomberville, 

Joinville, Longueville, Lun^ville, Malleville, Merville, 

Preville, Seville, vaudeville. 

b.W. are pronounced salival 1 :»■ .„ «, .,, 

, i t I 4.1 • h dessiUer «;, fibrille. 

hxj somc^ and not by ot/icrs, in j * "ii"'^. 

r ancillaire, armillaire, ax- 

G.W are unsalival, a?id both J illmrey capillace, capillaire, 

pronounced, in j capillament, capillarite, ca- 

(^villation, codicillaire, ectil- 
lotique, fritillaire, gilla, intermaxillaire, lapillo, maxillaire, 
millenaire, millesime, oscillation, oscillatoire, osciller v, 
papillaire, phillyree, pupillaire, pupillarite, pusillanime, 
pusillanimite, scintillation, scintiller r, sigillaire, sigil- 
laries, sigillateurs, sigille, sugiliolatn, titillation, tonsillaire, 
vacillation, vaciller v, vexillaire. 

K. 1 final, preceded by ai, ^ bail, eveil, ceil, deuil,fenouil, 
ei^oei, eui, oui, uei, is salival, >recueil, ecueil, accueil, cer- 
andi is silent. J cueil, orgueil. 



196 

R, 1 final preceded by oi 7 . j ^y..^*\ 
is not salivaly and i sounds a, e. J " ^ ® 

n. 1 or 11 are no^ madeS'j^^t' ^^''^ P''>'"°"' 

salival by y* 



^ r idyile, sibylHn, phyllon 
-? styletj, hypsipyle, pycno« 
(^ style, bajue, ceylan* 



R. 1 or 11 are «o< .afitaZ ( ff^> .installer colleur, nul- 
if not preceded by I. 1 ^^e. violon jidien deuca- 

*^ ' *^ :( lion, seliier, buiiiard, rel 



leur. 



^ *^ , „ ,. ,. C Sully, Pardalhac, vellon, 

^ 7.^.\or\\aresalivalm | Uanta, llama, Ihama. • 

N. i cifter 11 sallvairi^^^^^^T^^^ 
t ?!/ r i'^ ti . \ ions, baiilons; bataillions, 

,Uuld he d tmcffy pronoun-) ^^^^^^ Millions, billons 

ced but ojtcys «"<J««''i'1 bouiUions bouillon ; brouill 
make nodr0^ere„,el,Hxceeni bouillons; chocail- 

tlme contrasted zoora.. L,.^^^^^ chocaillons; 6caillions, 

6caillons; goupillions, goupillons ; grapillions, grapillons ; 
grillions, grillons; ^ouspillions, houspillons; reveillions, 
reveillons; sillions, sillons; souillions, souillons; taillions, 
taillons; tortillions, tortillons; ecaillier, ^cailler; jouail- 
lier, jouailler; pouillier, pouiller; vrillier, vriller; conseil- 
liez, conseillez, conseiller; bouteillier, medaillier, ^c. 

, '-,. 1 , . X ' /"//ilions, allions, alliions, ///re 
1 followed, but not pre- 1 ? u , . \ , , 

, -/ , . . rx j.h l\ /?aiIlons, but not so bad as 
ceded I;, i, ts often , through I ^.^^ ^ ^^^^ ^^^ 

effeminacy or carelessness J ^^ ^, detaiUez 

pronounced sahval, «"^\K empalions. empaiUions.^m- 
^earj, rfroW'^^j ;"««3' 7;*^ J paillons;foulions,fouilions; 
no dutznc ion between these I V^ ^^^.„^^. ^^ 

contrasted words. \^souilliez, souiUez ; palliasse, 

paillasse; mouliez, mouillez; ralions, rallions, raillions, 

raillons; roulier, rouiller; rev61iez, reveillez; pilions, 

pillons; quiiier, quiller; poilier, poaillier; julien, deuca- 

lion, seliier, SfC. 

_ „ , , , f aller, ballon, scell^, embel- 

' R 11 sound commonly 1. | Hssetnent, bastille, cailloux. 

R P 11 are both vronouu- \ a^lantoide, allegorie, all6- 
Q.h. 11 a;e bot/i pronoun ) ^^^,-^^^^^^ allegoriquement, 

'■'^""* ( all^oriser V, allegro, alle- 

luia, alliteration, allobroge, allocution, allodial, allodialite, 
allonyme, apollinaire, apoUon, appellatif, appellation. 



197 

atellane*?, belligerant, belliqueux, bellonalres, buccellaire 
buccellation, calleux, calligraphe, calligraphie, Calliope, 
callipyge, callitriche, callosite, cancellation, canceller v, 
caryophylloide, collaborateur, collationnage, collationner r, 
collection, coUimation, collision, collocation, colloque, 
colloquer v, colluder t?, collusion, collusoire, collusoire- 
ment, coliybistiqiie, columella, constellation, constelle, 
contrevallation, coralloide, corollaire, corollitique, crypto- 
metallin, ebullition ,^ ellebore, elleborine, ellipse, ellipsoide, 
elliptoide, equipolle, equipollence, equipollent, equipoller v, 
fallace, fallacieusement, fallacieux, flagellation, flageller v, 
folliculaire, follicule, gallate, galliambe, gallica, gallican, 
gallicisme, gallinasse, gallique, hallucination, hellano- 
dices, hellanodiques, hellenes, hellenique, hellenisme, 
helleniste, liellenistique, illegal, SfC. inintelligibilite, inin- 
telligible, interstellaire, lamelle, libellatique, libeller v, 
malleabilite, malleole, medullaire,metallique, metallisation, 
metalliser v, metallographie, metallurgie, meiallurgiste, 
miscellanees, nuUite, oUaire, palliatif, palliation, patellaire, 
pellicule, pbyllobolie, pollicitation, polluer v, pollution, 
Pollux, pulluler v, recollection, repulluler x', saceliaire, 
satellite, scabellon, stellionat, stellionataire, tabellionage, 
telline, thallophores, tr^bellianique, vallaire, velleite ; 

To these must be added the'\ 
v^ords begivning wilh \ and / iij. , ^^^^^^ airciUaire, 
some of those in uhich 11 are >^aciller t>, &c. 
not saiivaL oee above, and V 
the Alphabetical List. J 

Connexion. 
R. 1 final mute rema/;i4 ^'.^ ^ ^ ^" ?^"^ ^1^"4," ^ ^^^'^e, 
such, in connexion, /)^/bre ^ '^ ^^ ^^^'^^^ .^^I^^ ^ ^^^^to- 
'Dowels. ) ^^^' "" chenil humide et 

(. sale, taillez le coutil apres, 
fenil etroit, fournil embarrasse, fraisil ardent, en tirant 
son fusil inconsidereraent, je mets le gril avant ma 
grillade sur le fen, vous travaillez avec un outil use, 
1^ la salade etait pleine d un persil appetissant, tu fronces' 
envain ton sourcil epais et farouche— cessez votre babil 
importun. 

JST. I in il (//e, ityisnotpro-^ il parle, il vient, il frappe, 
I nounced by several before con- lil /;ait, il /^eurte,— il herite, 
j sonants, in careless speaking, ) il hume, il arriv e, il entend! 

See above the word i-. gentil. 

S o 



198 



M. 



R. m^ followed by a votvel^ 
or preceded by a consonant i 
is pronounced according to 
its elementary articulation. 



mamaii, palmier, fourmiy 
pygmee, rhj^tmop^e, ad- 
mettre, cosmopolite, sma- 
ragdin, mnemosyne, plume, 
^^asme, salm, Stockholm. 



1 . E. m is pronoiiticed with'- 
out nasality in (See at A, 

E, I) 



^adam, terns, thym, Joachim) 

R. m Jinalor follovoed % I faim, Rlieims, {pron. rince, 

any other consonant but m orj dom, parfum, exemple, 

n, is silent^ and renders ike's grimper, tambour, triomphe, 

preceding vowel nasal. i nymphe, humble, imbu, 

^ implorer. 

Abraham, Amsterdam, 
mamlouk, Jerusalem, Grim, 
Selim, 4'C. ^em, idem, item, 
interim, parnassim, platatim. 

wid in (nm pron, ome. Trlium, triumvir, triumvir at. 
See at V) j duumvir. 

R. lim final sound ome in 1 \. ,_ r ..^ v 
. J ^. J o ^ rr r album, lorum, decorum. 

most tatm words. iSee at U.J 

^amnistie, calomnier, mem- 

H. mn are both pronouii'-jnon, sonmalnbuHsme, in- 

ced without nasality. j demnit6, vertumne, autom- 

(nal. 

C automne, damnable, dam- 

\ nablement, damnation, dam- 

iierx', condamnable, condamnation, condamner v, eon- 

damnatoire, solemnel, solemnellement, soleminisation, 

solemniser -e, solemnite. 

r> '^^' *, 7 i? xf^rimm, immense, sommer, 

11. mm sound without A^ ■■' 4. i / 

^^ ;., < savamment, prudemment, 

nasatiti/, ) vi ^ 

^ (^ diiemme. 

3. E. e before mm is nasal 1 . . 

. ^(^ /F) > emmagasmer, emmeoer, eye, 

R. mm sound commonly m.i cpmmode, commis, commis- 

(^ sion, commissaire, gram- 
maire, grammairien, myriagramme, enflammer, nonchalam- 
ment, 6videmment, diiemme, femme, emmaneher, horn- 
mage. 



2. E. m is silent in 



199 

. Ti 7 7 C commiseration, ^ramma^ 

4, E. mm are said always \ .. , ,/ , ^. 

, * , ,, 1 -,1 4.) tical, aTammatiste. Ammon- 

to he both pronounced wit liout < ^^. \^ ^ 

J " j ammomac, ammonite^ mam« 

nasaiitij, in ^ (maire, Emmanuel, emme- 

nagogues, emmenologie, emmesostome, emmi, lemme^ 
sommite. 

initial, are both pronounced. \ ^tement, immense, immer- 

J sion, immeubie, immiseri- 
cordieiix, immobile, immoler, immortalite, immiiable, 
immutability. 

Connexion-. ^. j.tt. , 

-o x: 1 ^ . r Adam aceepta d Eve le 

K. m linai mute remains \n .. j^r j i • 

, . . I J' } "Uit aeiendu, ce dami a une 

siic/i. III connexion, Oejore<n' • ^. 

J *^ I i^im excessive, ce thvm 

vowels, / ^ u I ^ r ^ ^ 

(^exhale un partum extraor- 
dinaire qui attire un essaim immense d'abeilles, tous 
cfoyez vous faire un renom infini en tiaitant du 
nom et du pronom avec de tels principes, mais je 
crains bien qu'on ne joigne a votre prenom un surnoni 
intlecent. -pj 

E. n followed by a vowel, ( "«««bstant, dor^navant ^. 
•^ , , , *^ J \ nerme, vemr, manmie, etna, 

or preceded ini a consonant^ ) * i i / i,i i • 

/. .. 7^ . ., ,.V corne, balneabie, lemnisque, 
retains its elementarif arti- \ v ' ^ "i ? 

; . ^ i gymnomurene, apnee, pyc- 

V^nite, bosnie, bothnie^ iicli- 
nopbore, daplinoide, tarn, beam, bittern, valdern. 

digne, regrier, soigneuXjCom- 
pagnon, besogiie, baigne, 
repugne, signal. 



R. gn medial sound n 
saliva! . 



agnacat, agnat, cognation, 
ignicole, stagnant. 



1. E. g\\ are both pro^ 
iiounced without salivahiess 

in C See at G J 

R. gn initial are Z^of/^ pro- 7 gnome, gnavelle, gnosi- 
nounced loithout salivahiess, J maques. 

an, en, in, on, un, lent, vient. 



R. n final or followed by 
any consonant but h, is si- 
lent, and renders the pre^ 
ceding vowel nasaL See at 
each voweL 



orient, nemeen, branclie, 
suppliant, in -folio, vin^ 
lymphe, Aauteiin, ceinture, 
facon, mentions, lundi, im- 



portuns, neanmoins, renmail- 
ler, tinmes, convient, expedient, affluent, content, negli- 
gent, president. 



200 



R. ent, in the Third 
Person plural of Verbs, are 
mute after a vowel, and 
sound e weak after a con- 
sonant. 



convient, expedient, envient, 
affluent, statu ent, agreent, 
vouent, seraient, vnoient, 
tounioient, tournoient^ sou- 
doient, soudoient, content, 
negligent, president. 

R. n, followed hy a vowel C enoncer, enigme, enancher, 
or h mute, sounds without j energum^ne, enumeration, 
nasality. j benin, nanine, nonagenaire, 

E. see at E. (^inhabile, inhonore, manhiot. 

11. n, followed hy h aspi-"J 

rated, is silent, and renders ( ^nhardir, enharnaclier. 
ike preceding vowel nasal. ( 
See at H. 

11. nn sound n 
nasality. 



without 



2. E. enn sound nasally 
an with n proiioiinced, in 

3. nn are both pronounced 



in 



ennemi, annoncer, garenne, 
innombrable, corinne, cin- 
namome, sonnette. 

\ ennui, ennuyerr,ennuyeuse- 
j ment, ennuyeux, ennoblir v. 

annaire, annal, annales, an- 
nate, annexer t?, annexion, 
annihilation, annihiler v, an- 
niversaire, annoise, annotation, annuaire, annuel, annu- 
ellement, annuite, annulaire, annuler r, bipinnatifide, bi- 
pinnee, decennal, desempenn^, empenner v, enneacon- 
taedre, enneacorde, enneadactyle, enneade, enneadeca- 
eteride, enneagone, innascibilite, inn6, innome, innomine, 
innovateur, innovation, innover v, pannomie, septennal, 
smannation, triennal, triennalite, triennat. 

plomb, rond, banc, sang, 
N. fljial consonants, pre- 
ceded by nasal sounds, are 
commonly silent. 



Connexion* 
R. n final mute is pro»- 
nounced, in connexion, in 
the adjective before its sub- 
stantive, some say without 
the nasal sound losing any 
of its nasality, others with- 
out losing it entirely, and 
others icithout retaining a 
hit of it. 



jone, convamc, semg, long, 
camp, rompt, sont, defunts, 
flancs, champs, vingts, 
prompts. 

ancien ami, Tancien ecrit, 
certain auteur, vilain honrme, 
vain espoir, le souverain 
etre, en plein air, leur bon 
ami, notre boA homme, 
divin amour, il se croit lui 
lin observateur, malin esprit, 
son b6nin epoux, commun 
avantage, importun ergo- 



201 

imt, un arbre, un homiiie, aucun objet, — mon hypothese, 
ton argent, son idee, mon excellente mfere, ton injuste et 
cruelle mar^tre, son aimable, savant et modeste frere, 
Xpron. ancien nami, or ancie nami, or .. ,.) 

on a dit, on espfere, on om- 
brage, on honore, on iuonde, 
on unit, on an on n a, on y 
court, on en trouve, on y a 
,^te, on en sera surpris. 

en Italie, en Angleterre, en 
effet, en usage, en officier, 
ien habile homme, en avant, 
en elle, en eux, en un, en 



n sounds also in on before 
its verb, or the pronoun pre- 
ceding the verb; 

in en before the word 
it governsy or the verb it is 
governed hy ; 



entier, tu en es las, nous en endurons, elle s'en inquiete, 
j'en obtiens, ilfaut en humer, le votre en est fait, ayez en 
horreur, va ten acheter du vin, en y allant, vous y en 
employez plusieurs, en en ouvrant un, en en entendant 
parler, on en analyse, on y en inhume. 

. . , /. ,, T ifil ne veut rien appiendre, 

in nen before the verb or\ . ^^ i .a! 

. . . , i 2L • L •-» • 1 sans nen opposer, piutot 

participle on ichicn tt zs<( , . a> ,. ' ^ 

^ ^ / ^ *^ X 's ] que dene nen mdiquer, vous 

aoverned C<^^eept ouij • / ^ • • / -x 

^ ^ ^ ^ (^ n aviez nen ecnt, on en aura 

rien ofFert, apres n'en avoir rien annonce — je n'ai rien 

oui dire. 



in bien before the noun, 
adjective, verb, adverb^ Sfc. 
i^iich it modifies. 



vous fetes bien enfant, tu 
m'as Fair bien kne, elle est 

I W«cA it modifies. t ^'^n indifferente, il faut bieii 

i "^ (^ecouter, li a bien assure, 

nous fumes bien habilles, bien anciennement, bien assez, 
bien apres, bien en arriere, vous paraissez bien au dessus 
de lui, nons arriv^mes bien a-propos, bien entendu qu'il ie 
fera, j'ecris sou vent mal mais je veux bien ecrire aujourd'- 
hui, les bienheureux sont bien heureux. 

N. h\^M\ and m, joined^ 
by a hyphen to another ivord, f bien-aime, bien-aise, bien- 
1^ sound without nasality, fetre, bienheureux, in-octavo. 
(bie-n, i-n). j 

/^un arbre, un homme, un 

un is most commonly pro- \ effrayant tableau, un hono- 

nounced icithout nasality^ rable emploi, un intendant 

before its noun. J fidele, faites un un (pron. 



202 



« . ., . . „ J, Tancien et respectable ami, 

R. n IS silent in all other I ^^^ ^ ^onter, il etait enclin 

cases; namely, in theadjec-J ^^ ^^. jj ^^^^^ ^^^^j^ 1^^ 

tive before amj ivord but tts-\ ^^^^^^^ ^j^j^ ^^ ^^^^^^^ 



lire enfantin affect^, Tempire ottoman incapable, ton 
caquet importun etourdit, un animal commun en Amerique. 

■ y,, ^, . f a-t-on eu soin ? est-on ici? 

mon and en after their \^^^^^_^_^^ ^^^^^^^.y^^^^ ^^ 

^^ ' (^ avait-on ^te content ? fut-on 

infornie ? sembla-t-on ob^ir ? aussi la croit-on hereditaire, 

— prends-en un, parlez-en au ministre, donnez-ienr-en 

assez, montrons-nous-en affliges, ayez-en horreur, croyez- 

m'en innocent, va-t'en acheter du vin.. 

, , . , ^ r ce rien a des attraits pour 
m nen and bien before I ^^. „,^ ^j^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ 

the verb they govern^ or) ^ ^^ -^ ^-^^ ^^ ^.^.^^g^. 

after the verb by which they'\ ^^.^ J^^^ ^^ ,,^ ^^-^ 

are governed ; ^^-^^ ^^f^^-^ ^^ ^^^i^ ^^ ^j^^^ 

une personne, c'est un rien inexprimable, n'ajoutez rien 

apres cel-^, nous n'avons rien i craindre — ce bien est a 

moi, ton bien accroit, notrebieny passera, il a son bien eu 

especes, il parlait bien et pensait fortement, c'est un bien 

k souhaiter, je sais bien oil vous allez, vous ^tes bien 

ensemble, tu te plais bien ici, je jouira^ de mon bien apres, : 

il faut bien ecouter, il a un bien assure, j'ecris souvent ' 

bien, mais je veux bien 6crire mal aujourd'hui, bien et rien 

auraie^^^ bien ete pour la rime. 

, ,. ^. , f il yen eut un assez /tardi, 
in un not used adject ivenf;< -^ . . rr 1 

1 3 ^^ trouvtti un errrayant 

tout le reste, ils se mirent trois contre un alors ; portez-en 

un au jardin, j'en entendis un avancer, tu en croyais un 

homme libra, ce n'etait qu'un vil esclave, il fit un un un 

pen trop long. 

in the substantive 6e/ore CP^'^'^", ^^^".^'''' ^*=*'''" 
its adjective and jj/,, J mnocente, pain exquis, un 
,..^,.,7 ^ \ ancien ami des sciences, 

(^jardm anglais, artisan ha- 
bile, tribun eloquent, an entier, t^moin oculaire, le^on 
apprise, voir un dessein echouer, la raison enseigne, il 
trace un plan avec facilite, un chirurgien aussi celebre, 
va faire le fanfaron ailleurs, voila du vin horribIemeB4; 
cher. 



203 



in non, and likely in pre- 
positions and adverbs^ selon, 
environ, loin, soudain, com- 
bien, enfin {except bien, 
rien, en); 

usage, non-ouvre, non-etre- 



personne non instruite, non 

approuAe nonobstant son 

excellence, il repondit non k 

la question, c^est un non 

irrevocable, ce non excita 

leur surprise, non-{ige, non- 

-selon elle, environ un mois, 

loin" apres eux, il a soudain appercu, combien inter^ssa 

celle qui, enfin arriva le jour, il Ta enfin econduit. 

^j 1' . 1 r •. f I'ancien ecrit, le souverain 

m the subiect before tts\ ,^ , / 

; , -^ V -^ < etre assez aveude pour . . . 

xerb (except on).. j . u i. i. 

\ f ^ ^ un rien abat souvent, ce 

bien est a moi, la raison enseigne, le mien est meilleur, 

le sien eprouve, votre en est fait pour tourmenter les 

commenf ans, cet un exprime cent. 

N. on, standing for its 1 j^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^ embarrasse 
own name, is not joined to its K^^^ent les etrangers. 
verb: ) * 

J . . ^ 7 • r on embarrasse souvent les 

but or\. expressing any thinf^K . , 

, ^ ., ]r ^ ' '^ I ^ ^ •? j etrangers par des coutumes 
but itself^ IS joined to its< .- i^ ^ u- 

L *^ "^ 1 nation ales bizarres, on a 

\ dit, on espere. 

Teet ouvrage ancien 6crit 

iastli/^ n is silent in words yavec simplicite, il le frappa 

not directlj/ connected bj/ their J de son baton a la t^te, vous 

meaning. ] avez en vain espoir d'y 

(^parvenir, ilfautbien ecouter 
vos sottises, qu attend-on ici ? il en coupa un avec sou 
canif, la nuit est loin encore, il p6rit enfin accable de 
maux, non il n'est rien que Nanine n'honore^ 

]Sr. n is or is not pronounced, at pleasure, bj/ the gene* 
raiitj, in .most cases of the preceding Rule (1). 



(1) This statement is proved by the following^ stricture of the 
author of *' La G ram m aire des Grammaires," who, p. 17, says In 
his lucid and logical manner—'^ Les regies que nous allons douner 
pour le cas ou cette lettre (n) est muette ou sonore h la fm de la 
si/liabe [ha lUQAUi woi'd) , sont d'autaut plusesscntitlles k connoitre, 
qu'au th&Xive uiAme, ou Ton doit prononcer plus correctement 
qu'ailleurs, on paroit souvent les Ignorer/' After leg'islating; hi«i 
uiiivnowu and disregarded rules, it -was incumbent on that author 
not only to assert the necessity of knowing* them, but to prcjve u\(* 
necessity of their very existence; for it is not soU'-evident whv ^ 



004 
O. 

iS'. o ana o genet any pe.\ ^ . fantorne, 

serve t/ieir elementary sounds,'' ..K . ' , '„„^ ^, 

^rr,r>t fhe rrn^e^ hereafter J Uthotome, astronome, mor 
except thetai^es liereajter. \^^^^^^^^ antichthones, archi- 

throne, octogone, trigonom^trique, d^monomanie. 

«. , . ■ ■^-. ■■ . , . ., ,r:_ ...1. .J. J 1 lu ij.. J.-. ..-■ I. _. ■ .- ■ . — — — i-rfi- — — 

practice often unknown, it seems, even on the stage, and, of 
course, to the whole nation but M. Girault-Duvivier and his 
authorities, is s(> very right ai)d necessai^; and why the contrary 
custom of the people, which is Custom, the lawgiver of language and 
deity of grammarians, is wrong. It is true, indeed, our orthoepists, 
from whom the above rules are taken, have enacted that n final of 
nasal soundsin the cases of the last rule, must never be pronounced ; 
that those sounds siiould always produce hiatus ; that this kind of 
hiatus is often very hard ; that therefore it ought not to be avoided 
by merel)^ articulating. ?i (a licence always unpardonable, says M, 
Dieudonn6 Thii^bault, in his '< Principes de Lecture," p. 138, sup- 
porting his principle with a very grammarianic reasoning), ^nd that 
such poets as aim at perfection, must follow, as a law, the observa* 
tlon of a trio of abbots (Abbot Dangeau, Abbot R^gnier, Abbot 
• D'OUvet) ; namely, to proscribe the meeting of nasal with other 
sounds, for fear or disturbing the high, deep, and wide conceptions 
of such auricular cerebra, which can neither bear w nor the hiatus 
they require it should give room to by its unutteranoe. To show j 
the groundlessness of their prohibitions, it would not be sufficient to \, 
prove they are contrary to custom, but stupid, opntradictory, and 
against analogy,-— Stupid : for if that sort of hiatus be so hard, why 
not avoid it by sounding ii /—contradictory j for if it be right to 
pronounce ancien-ami because there ig a close connexion between 
the adjective and the noun, why not say passion^aveugle^ le tyran^ 
inter dit^ there being as close a connexion between the noun and the 
adjective ; between tUe su'^ject and the verb ?--'again&t analogy ; for iff 
we say avez^vous^appriSi why not a't^on-appris ? It would be vain 
to adduce to these Marsyases the example of the three thousand 
years old Homer, who, as well as his fathers and children, far from 
being inimical to w, vyas now and then very glad to call it to his help,] 
The authority of our own perfect bards would not have a muohj 
greater weight, who sung undoubtedly without hiatus : 

^* Dans un gouffre profond Siow est descendue. 
^'Innocence un Vengeup^ et I'OrpheUn wi F^re. Racine, 

Mais saehez cju'une main ?wpure, 

Ou comme Vaxiuin ewflamni^* 
Combiew monsvnous vu d'eloges unanimes. J. B» Rousseau, 
hodo^tin U ses yeux n'ogerait balancer. 
En peut-on admirer deux ou troia entrc mille. 
Que si sous Adam m6me et Win ovant No^, 

N'ont v\e7i oux que n'etfaea. 

Kat-ee Apollo?^ at Neptune,**— i?W/^<srw, 



205 

R. om or on unfollou^edC^''^/ ^^^' ^^^^^* ^"^I^- 
bj/ a vowel, sound nasally, ml ^^nf^^n^ons, pompons, com- 
and n being silent. ) P'^nientons, restitution, pha, 

V^raon, gedeon, laocoon, 
alcyon, remuons, 6chouons, sayon, creions, fetoyons 
essuyions. 

1. E. on sound one in oxybaphon, montassins. 

2. oon af^e said to sound 1 • 

f simoon. 



oune m 



3. aon sou7id 



an in Laon, C^ town J faon^ paon. 

on in Laon fa saint J. 

n,nwithsome^-l 

on with others, >taon (ox-Jiy). 



tn 






Tpomme, gomme, personne, 
R. omm, omn, or onn, ) baionnette, commission- 
are not nasal. j naire, omnipotence, calom- 

{^ niateur. 

R. and E. 01, oi, oy, C '^'"'^'*''. "^'T'^ tonmoient, 
sound e, oa, oua, one, ^^Jtoumoient h^vvozs, barrois, 
o-L See at I and Y. ymripi^ ffrench), fran9ois 

\(jrancts), anglois, danois, 
connoitre, accroitre, roide, froide, octroi, octroi te, fontenoy, 
troyes, royaume. 

R. oim or oin express C loin, soin, coin, tSmoin, 
two sounds, the second nasal, < sainfoin, poing, loin tain, en- 
o-in or ou-in ^ joindre. 

R^ , / 7 f cesopha&e, ceonistice, coe- 

/^A 7,z.- ^„ .•>., *7L^ 17,, ) cale, ceuvriste, manoeuvre, 

joujoux, lourdaud, ajourner, 
troubadour, Strasbourg, 
chiourme, bouhours, raoul, sarquiou, homoousiens, homoi- 
ousiens, chiaoux, douanes, nouure, prouesse, fouine, 
Xxonoient, rouen, secouant, bafouons, marsouin, clouiere. 



ou, ou, like ou in the En- 
glish word could. 



Actors, therefore, are perfectly correct in pronouncing n, and 
only follow the general practice. But, in poetry, they lie under 
the most imperious obligation of doing so, not to tear off the fine 
ears of their hearers with the howling of hiatus so painfully hunted 
away by rhymers ; for the lamentable consequence of that outrage 
would prove their being instantaneously shot dead by a hiss. 



206 

■R cei sound en, with i | ^j, ^j,j^^ ^jj,^^ 
silent before 1 sahval. J ' 

; R. oii express their two | ^-^^^^^^^^ (p^„„. piritoiice). 
elementary sounds, 3 

. ("croasser, zoe, cacoethe, 

K. o sounds distinctly \^^^^^^ coercitif, zoologie, 

m the other combinations of< loan go, coemption, extra- 

vowelst ^ordinaire, tMorie, idiot, 

myope, duodrame, homoioteleute, tayoan. 

4. E. 00 are said to ^ o in looch (lok). 
sound \oMin sloop, 

^ . . 7 . f faonner v, paonne, paon- 

5.01s not pronounced m | ^^^^^ laonnois. 

Connexion. 

-. - ... , „ ,,f ffrandofficier, vend-on ? lonff 

- R oimtial, as well as all il^^^-^ ^^ .^^^ y^^ ^^^ 

Towels, does not hinder l^eA^^^^^^ original, trop ob- 

junctwn of Jinal consonants X^^^^ mouchoirs ourl^s, les 

ortheehswnofesimipleofi^^^.^ ^ ^^^ ^^. ^^^ 

preceding words m connexion. ^ ^^.^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^ 

ouimes, ils ont oui, que vous ouissiez — mauvaise ouie, il 
faut rouir, est-ce ouvert, quelque objet, illustre origine. 

^ -« • . / s . rton oui, un oui, vos oui, ces 

6. ±!i. o m OUI (yes) prevents \ • 1 ^, • _ . . V 
^ , . ^ . /. ^-^ ^ (• 1 OUI, les OUI, mais oui, char- 

tie lunction of precedins^ con- ) ' • _ 1. 

^ ^ /^r I- • ^ ^ -( mant oui, vous direz oui, 

sonants, and the elision 0/ e ) i-. . ' n ^ J 

. , * , X- J i dites oui ou non, elle repond 

e/i le, ce, and sometimes de. f • i • vi ^ 

' ' Voui, le OUI qu il prononca, 

il a dit ce oui-lk a regret, un oui- dire, que de oui-dire ! 

but the elision takes place \ ^ ^n ' \ v^"^ ^^ 

in other words. i »7 • . f "« °^ P"* .^f «».'• 

(^ adorable oui, horrible oui ; 

du mot oe, dit-on, s'est forme celui d'oui. 

-, , . ^ , .V ( Louis onze, sur les onze 

7. o z« onze and onzieme V ^ ^^^ ^^^^ regiments. 

presents t^e junction of pre- -> ^^^^^ ^^^ .^^^^^ ^^j^ • 

^ ^^^ ' ' ' ^ onze, chez onze marchands, 

vous formez onze classes, aux onze personnes, je veux 
onze chaises, d^chirez toutes les onziemes feuilles. 

and of any consonant in a Cq^^atre-vingt-onze, cent onze, 
preceding number ; ^ mil /mit cent onze, un on- 

^ ® (^zieme (un one), deux onzi- 



207 

^mes, trois onziemes, cinq onziemes, six onziemes, sept 
onzi^es, huit onziemes, neuf onziemes, dix onziemes. 

, ^ .. 7 , , f il prend onze sous, il en 

out it does fiol seem to pre- V j -i . V 

^ .J . ,. ^ ^ 1 vend onze, 11 est onze neures, 

vent the pincUon of any J ^ ' -i • ! 

^ • , ^ -^ y < elles seront onze, il vmt 

consonants but s, z, x, z/i \ 

-. I onze vovaffeurs, en onze 

other cases : f . .» *^ i ^ 

"* V jours, J avale mon onzieme 

verre, tu commences ton onzieme lustre, son onzieme 

theme, ajoute un onzieme chapitre (un a), 

Ae onze du mois, de onze 

it may prevent the elision I quails etaiew^, ce onze de 

of the vowels in le, la, de,Jljuillet, le onzieme siecle; 

ce, xvliich is said to be now^ la onzieme espece, ce on^ 

more elegant I zieme livre, accord de on- 

^zieme. 

, f I'onze du mois, d'onze 

\ qu'ils eiedent, cet onze de 
juillet, Tonzieme siecle, Tonzieme espece, cet onzieme 
livre, accord d'onzieme. 

neither Junction nor elision ^ Chdivles onze {pron. char- 
take place in I leu onze). 

. ^ ^T ,, . . Centre onze heures et midi, 

but tne elision occurs m ) . , . , ., * 

,j J < ie n en ai qu onze, yen 

other words ; ) 1 ^ . . ^^ 

' (^ trouve onze, soixante onze 

(pron* soifante), soixante-onzieme,^ votre onzieme page, 

cette onzieme classe. 

, ..1 C mon onzieme course, ton 

do we or may we say with ) .^ , ' .^ 

,, . ^. x' ^ I ,o \ \ onzieme annee,- son onzieme 
(/.ejuncHon of n (xcky notO | campagne, 

f ma onzieme course, ta on- 
as zee say irregularly < zieme annee, sa onzieme 

(^ campagne ? 

P. 

R. p is generally p/o- f P^^\^^> ^pargne baptismal 
nounced according to its } expliquer, surprise, i emphr 
elementary articulation. ) promptuaire exemption, 

(^ desespoir, aptitude, lamp- 
saque, splenalgie, symptose, symptomatique, peremptoire, 
pneumatique, pseaumes, pt^rigoide, cap, cep, egip. 






208 

C anabaptistes, baptfeme, bap- 

1. E. p IS mute in | ^-g^^ ^,^ baptistaire, baptis- 

tere, catabaptistes, comptable, compter Vy compteur, 
comptoir, debaptiser t, d6compter v, discompte, escomp- 
ter V, exempt, exempter v, m^compter x?, pr^compter v, 
prompt, prompte, promptement, ptisane, promptitude, 
rebaptisation, rebaptiser v, recompter v, sculpter r, 
sculpteur, sculpture, septieme, septiemement, drap, galop, 
sirop, sparadrap, loup— coup, beaucoup, trop. 

2. p is not pronounced by 7 syinpt6me. 

some in 3 , ,,1.1 

- , f domptable, dompter v, dom- 

3. p is never pronounced by ) .^^^ indomptable, indom- 
many, and is by others, in ^ ^^^^ redompter v. 

T> , ■ ^ C philosophie, diphthongue, 

'R.ph sound t I periphrase, Joseph. 






R. pp sound p. 

Connexion. 

R. p final mute remains 
such, in connexion, before 
vowels, 

4. E. p is often pronoun- 
ced, before vowels, in 



supposer, apprendre, 

loup affam6, ce drap ^tait 
bon, galop irresistible, spa- 
radrap assez cher, sirop 
adoucissant. 

coup, beaucoup, trop, — un, 
coup inevitable, il va beau- ) 
coup a clieval; vous etes .j 
trop aimable. | 

Q- i 

que, qui, qu'a, qu'humilie, 
piquure,aquilon, quiproquo, 
quatre, marquee, embar- 
C[\xoLent, pourquoi, convain- 
quions, queue, quiosser, 
quioulette, choq, coq. 
I.E. c{ is silent in coq-d'inde. 

2. q in cinq (five, fifth) C d^q.—deux, quatre, cinq, 
sounds whenthiswordisalone,^^^^ ^.^i^^ cinq, neuf, il en 
or m a series, or ending a^ ^' 

sentence; j^o o ^ 

or connected to a preceding C trente-cinq, Louis cinq roi 
number or noun ; ) , ,. ^^^"^^^ chapitre cinq 

t du hvre neuf. 



R. q is pronounced like k, 
7iot with the following u com- 
monly silent, but with the next 
voweL See at U. 



209 

or followed by a word with-' lcmc{ Janvier, cinq moins 
out expressing its units ; J deux, cinq viendront. 

or followed by a wordl • r • i. 

7^ • •• .7 '^^ J f cinq entans, cmq hommes, 

bes'inmns!: with a vowel or > . ^ . ' • ^ . u 
h mute 1 ^*^^ arrivew^, cmq octobre. 

q is silent before a number'\ cinq cent, cinq mille, cinq 
or a noun beginning with a I douziemes, cinquante-cinq 
consonant or h aspirated, Vsous, cinq ^arpes. — cinq 
whose units are expressed by ^ cent cinq; cinq cinq (five 
cinq. J^'s). 

N. q, in cinq is pro- T Henry cinq roi d'Angle- 
7iounced by many but ^e/b/e ) terre, cinq mai, cinq travaill- 
a vowel ^ or at the end o/" a j ew^, cinq oiseaux, cinq habits,' 
sente7ice. ( je vous en donne cinq. 

R^,. __ 7 frire, rhetoricien, quartron,% 

. T IS commonly pronoun* ) ..*, ^ *^ a.* 

» -^ ^ < strictement, notre, votre, 

(^ fetre, sacre, lugubre, hydre, 
nectar, punir, encor, futur, eclair, candeur, pourvoir, 
sejour, contour, soupir, martyr, desir, visir, nadir, sapir, 
elixir, fakir, zephyr. 

f monsieur, (pronounced wit h^ 
1. E. r is ulent in < out nasality mocieu), mes- 

(_ sieurs, oublieur. 

^ N. r is not pronounced 1 j^j^i j^i^i repentir, agir, 
by several vn speaking, at the f souvenir, . punir, venir, 
end of verbs, and a few other C ^^r^- ^^^^{^^ 
words tniY, j 

T> £ 1 7 / f parler, cocher, fier fta 

R. er final sound e. | 1^^^^^^^ p^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^^ ^1^^^^ 

leger, vaquer, surveiller, prodiguer, daigner, poiriers, . 
^ternuer, doner, ecuyers, foyer, porter fto carry). 

o •c 7 - • f amer, auster, belveder, can- 

3. Jb. er sound ere m ^ ' *u a+^^ ^^^^r^^c, ^»;i 

1^ cer, catheter, convers, cuil 

ler, devers, devers, divers^ enfer, enquiers (from enquerir r,) 
envers, ^ther, fier (haughty J, frater, gaster, besper, hier, 
hiver, hydropiper, Jupiter, lucifer, machefer, magister^ 
masseter, nanguer, outremer, partner^ pater (pater J, per- 
vers, porter Y/^or^er J, revers, Soter, sphincter, sputer, 
taillemer, taler, tiers, travers, univers, vomer, zaejier. 

t2 



210 

^, m sound ere or re ill stathouder. 

N. er are perA«p5 «<i?n ^Itj 1^ 

pronounced ere 01/ a few, m ) . . ^ 

R. er sound ere in mono- T fer, mer, per, ter, ver, pers, 
syllables^ y sers, vers, gers. 

T> 7 T T 7 . if irradiation, irrassasiable, 

R.rr 502/^7.^ (/oz/^/ez/mW.Vi^,^.^^^tib]e,irr6gulien irre- 

beginning with ivv. ^ prehensibilite, irr^soluble, 

irrespeetueux, irreussite, irr^veremment, irrision, irriter, 
irroration, irruption. 

T» 7 . , .7 f embarras, terrain, carreau, 

^' rv sound r inmost other )^^^^^^^.- ^^^ ^^^^^_ 

t rompre, myrrhe, serrer, 
correctement, arrher, pourra/, verrois, enverr^fi. 

^ -o 7 I. / 7 f aberration, abhorrer ^, con- 

4. ±!i. Yv are commonly both \ , n ;. • 

_^ , ^ , . *^ < curremment, eonlarreation, 

pronounced 171 } •., ^ ^cc ^ r 

^ (. decurrent, dinarreation, er- 

ra:ta, errer v, erratique, errone, inenarrable, interregne, 
interrex, narrateur, narratif, narration, narrer x?, re- 
current. 



en- 
re quer- 



6. alxouys in these Futures C acquerraj, acquerrois, 
and Conditionals of verbs inir,}l''^'^'f'' enquerrais, requer- 
i being dropped between rr ) •^^'' ^'^.- fonquerrai, recon- 
° ^^ (_querrai, <^c. mourrai, cour- 

rai, accourrai, concourrai, discourrai, encourrai, parcourrai, 
recourrai, secourrai, entre-seeourrons, 4 c. (differing from 
acquerois, acquerons, acquerions, SfC.) (i), 

N, , . -admirer«^■ (pronounced ad- 

. e simple, between f - > m _' • j^ 

f ' k mir raO^ niesuren/e, decore- 

rr or any two similar conso- \ • 1 

^ , -< r, , , J ro?.s assurerons, pleurerez, 

nants. beins- often dropped or. < • • . ' ^ v , 

,7 ' /^ I , ,v M soupireriez, lurera, susfsere- 

rather, weakened, both conso- i f u ' &» 

' ' , front, barrera, enterrerions, 

7iants are pronounced. I 1 . -v • . i 

' ^arrher^^^ arriererozew^, ab- 

horrerait, tresorerie, verrerie, SfC. 

■ l , '«» ■■ ' , II , 1 ■ 'I . ■ ' - I - I . J- L I f ll W " 

(1) Besides the cases wherein Mr. TAbb^ Gattel, in his Dicti- 
oiiary, states rr to be bath pronounced, he often calls them r forte. 
What he means is not easy lo compi ehend, unless it is that he aims 
at some nice imitation of the Greek 1%^ with the lene and rough 

spirits, and is one of those vaXx£o(pa;vo/, blessed with yaAxsoy 
lorof, whoj every now and then, rub and re -rub their lingual files. 



211 

i' am^norrh^e, exerrhose^ 
murrhine, cirrhifere, cynor- 
rhodon, pyrrhiqiie, errhuij^ 
pyrrhonisme, galactirrh^e. 

Connexion. 

-^ /- 1 -1 . • fvenez parler k Monsieur 

R. r final silent ~«5 ^ ^,j..^^,l,,^^,^,j^^^^^^,j^ ^^^ 

such m connexion, "g/^'-^ j oublies, il nefaut passe fier 
vowels. ^ aveugiernent a chacun, vous 

auriez du pater aiiparavant ces souliers, il a Fair altier et 
rampant tour a tour, homme leger en tout^ ecolier indocile, 
cocher eiFronte, daignez agreer egalement mes liommages,^ 
singulier hieroglyphe, je I'entendis aboyer hier. 

loisir occup6, loisir oisif^ 
plaisir inexprimable, sou- 
venir horrible, repentir 
inutile, vous dutes vous re- 



N. r final of verbs and 
of a few other words in ir, 
is not pronounced by some 
before vowels. 



pentir en suite, peux-tu te 



souvenir aussi bien des mots que des faits ? nous voudrions 
choisir entre eux, ose-t-il mentir ainsi? il ne pourrait 
consentir a envahir alors leur territoire. 



r, in notre, votre, notre, 
votre, is gen er ally dropped, 
in familiar speaking, before 
consonants, and by several ^ 
in the same words and some 
others ending ivith tre, dre, 
vre, SfC, before vowels as well 
as consonants. 



notre pere, votre mere, 
notre dame, le notre vient, 
la v&tre demeure, les n6tres 
sont bons, les votres me 
-^ iplsiisent, — votre >^onte pa- 
rait un enfan tillage, com- 
ment trouvez-vous notre 
/zacbis?— votre ami, notre 



^humeur, les v6tres imagi- 
ne;?^, les notres out commence — nous n'avons pas quatre 
sous vaillant, Tabitre declaie, Tautre sera arrive, ce rustre 
frustre ses voisins, votre maitre va vous battre joliment, 
tachez d'toe la, il faut vivre partout, j'irrtz moudre men 
ble, vous allez perdre votre temps, pauvre petit, Sfc, 

, ^ . ,, J • S Notre-Dame rthe Virsiin 

lutvis well pronounced m J 3^^^^ ^^. ^ ^^^^^.^.^^^ ^ 5 



212^ 



Sv 



R. s is pro7iounced ac-rssivoir, shire, scandal, shdLiu 
cording to its elementary^ scrit, slabres, smaragdin, 
articulation, at tlue beginning^ speculateur, sphere, squirre, 
of words, or in the middle if J stature, sth^nie, svelte, 
double between vowels,, or j sclerophtalmie, scrupiile, 
accompanied by almost flwj/l splendeur, sprate, strophe, 
ather consonant. vpuisque, confession, dissi- 

mule, assurer, absolu, depenser, indiscret, catholicisme, 
psyche, lorsque transfuge, transgresseur, transir, trans- 
nover, Transylvanie., 



1. E. sh sound ch m 
% s sounds z in 



shako, sh^rif. 



I balsamier, balsamine, bal- 
\ samique, balsamite, intran- 
sitif, transaction, transalpin, transanimation, transiger r, 
transitif, transition, transitoire, transit (/7row. tranzite), 
Alsace, Alsacien — opobalsamum, xylobalsamum (urn. 
pro?u ome).. 

3.N.. sis pronounced z I transissement; 
by some, and s by others, m j 

. ^ , 1* IV . / • f basbord, basbordes, des- 
4. s (medial) is mute m J ^^^j .^ j^,^^ j^j^^^ \L<^y,^\^, 

mesdames, mesdenaoiselles, meslier. 

N. s is silent before a f Descartes, Desfontaines, 
consonant in several French^ Desmoulins,. Deslauriers,. 
names beginning with Ahs. (^ Deachamps*^. 

r scepticism e, suscitation, 

H. sc before e>^, I,, y, and J Aiscv^Xe, rescinder, des- 

sf, before di, Oy u, sound s. \;cendre-, condescendre^ ado- 

^ lescen^je, sfavoir, sfu^ins^u* 

N, ., rcondescendt"e v, adoles- 

. sc are both pro^ V ^ 

J / \ i v-^i I cence, enervesconce, aces- 

novnced (ss) bv some {the } ' i. In 

Viz."* ^/ < cence, acescent, etiiores- 

omission of which, they sav, \ . • 

jjL •« /- u\ •^i cence, tur^escence, mcan- 

womd be a serious fault ) in f :i » ^ . . ' 

^ K descence, remmiscence, 

resipiscence, miscible, rescinder r, susception, suscister r, 

suscitation, viscere, visceral, transcendance. 



213 

R. s or sh, 4e^a.ee« i amusement, d^sh^riter, 

vowels, .sound z. S »f f *f *«' Malesherbes, 

(_ Deshouheres. 

5.E. s preserves its efe- ( ^n^f ^que, antisalle, antisi- 
mentarj/ articulation (c) in ^ Politique, asymetrie a- 

( symptote, asyndeton, Disexe 
bisulque, casoar, coquesigrue, decasyllabe, decasylla- 
bique, deisidemonie, desudation, desuetude, diasebeste, 
diasene, diasyrme, dysanagogue, dysepulotique, dyses- 
thesia, dysodie, dysorexie, dysurie, ent^rosarcocele, 
epiplosarcomphale, girasol, giroselle, gymnosophistes, 
hydrosarque, idiosyncrase, jusant, metasynchrise, monor 
syllabe, monosyllabique, i£demosarque, parasol, parir 
syllabique, perisystole, plaquesain, polysyllabe, polysy- 
nodie, pontuseau, pres6ance, presupposer v, presupposi- 
tion, protosyncelle, pyrosophie, sclerosareome, soubresaut, 
tetrasyllabe, tournesol, trisection, vraisemblable, vrai- 
semblablement, vraisemblance — hydrosaccharum, oleo- 
saccharum, oxysaccharum (una pro?u ome). 

R. sch sound ch before^ ^"f^ff^ «<^'^^"{ . ^^^f^S> 
^, , ^ < schorliiorme, schismatique, 

(^ schoenion, schaffhouse. 

fiF <^c\i wmid ^k in J schidakMon, scholarque, 

( scholastique, scholie, scho- 
Haste, enteroscheocele, ^piploscheocele, escharotique, 
ischiatique, ischio^ ischiocele, ischion, ischuretique, 
ischurie, oscheocele, oschophories,^ proscha^t^rique^ pro- 
topaschites. 

T» ^ , . . C proces, d^ces, acces, succes* 

11. dirndl IS mute. <^ 'm ^J 

(^ suces, pales, rodes, venus, 

Paris, Mros, Charles, Nicolas, ananas, alors, perds, courts* 

^ ^ ^ , , , \/^abas, aben6vis, abomasus, 

7. E. s final sounds se) I ^^, acinac^s, segilops, 

in these .cords most of which J ^^ agatis.agnes, Ignus. 

Jorejgn, Greek and Latin, m \ j aigoclros, ains 

their original form. ( ais, albornos, alfos, alimus, 

alkermes, aloes, amadis, ambesas, anagyris, anchilops^ 
angelus, antares, anus, apis, apodioxis, arcturus, argus, 
asclepias, asperges, atlas, atropos, baccharis, balanus, 
bibus, biceps, blepharoptosis, blocus, bolus, bootes,, 
botrys, bris, brisis, brissus, byssus, calamus, calus. 



214 



eantkusy earus^ cauealis, causus, eiccus^ col^ra- 
morbus, cortes, crocus, cubitus, custodinos, devis, dia- 
betes, diesis, echioides, ecn^phis, elephantiasis, ^nas, 
encanthiij, enthlasis, ^piploitis, 6pistaxis, ^ros, extrados, 
iiores, tcetus, fongus, forceps, fucus^, garus, gin giras, gratis, 
hedypno'is, hemorroiis, hermes, hiatus, humerus, hydatis, 
hypoxis, ibis, indivis, intus-susception, iris, jadis, kermis, 
laguis, lapis, laps, larus, lemnisceros, lituus, 16s, lychnis> 
mai's, mars, m^las, mephitis, moneris, mons, mordicus, 
motus, myurus, nepenthes, nillas (llsalival), nodus, oasis, 
obus, ochrous, oenas, olibrius, ophiucus, ophris, 
or6mus, palus, papyrus, paraphimosis, parisis, pathos, 
phebus, phimosis, phlasis, phthiriasis, plexus, plus-peti- 
tion, prospectus, quitus, rebus, relaps, rhamnus, rhino- 
ceros, roeimas, senatus-consulte, sinus, siphilis, syntexis, 
tabes, taxis, tournevis, tragus, us, vindas, virus, vol^ 
vulus, xiphias. 

., , . ^, 7 r^s (th, hast), bis (brown) ^ 

szs stent in these words, V ^^^^ ^fallen), lampas, (th. 
having the annexed *^^^'^-< ^.^,,/Je.O, pus (1 could), 
^^^^^'^^ (vis (I saw), lis (I read), 

phis (pleased), sens (I feel), cours (I run), censi 
(hundreds):,. 



Tas (ace), bis (twice), chns 



8. s IS pronounced in the \ (a measure) y lampas (lam^ 
same words, having the an^l pass), i^ws- (matter of sores) „ 
nexed signification,. J vi& (screw), lis (Uly)^ cens 



9. s> is silent im 

10. s, in plus (more, plUs) 
is pronounced by some before 
que, and in mathematical 

language ; 

11. s in sens (sense, mean- 
ing), mute before an adjective 
beginning with a consonant^ 
is pronounced by some in all 
other cases; by others, only 
at the end of sentcTiees, and 
by a few, in the plural only; 



:ensus). 
fleur-de-lis.- 

cela est plus que justie, cinq 
plus quatre, trois plus un, 
quihze plus onze; 

le s^ens commun, des sens 
degrades, homme de sens, 
le bon sens nous dit, les 
►cinq sens de nature, il fait 
un contre-sens, il a perdu 
I'usage d'un sens, de deux 
sens, elle a.repris ses sens. 



215 



12. s, in tous (all) mule 
when tous precedes tht noun to 
which it belongs y is pronoun^' 
ced bjj some in all other 
cases. 



tous mes parens, tous vos 
discours, tous leurs biens, 
tous les hommes sont mor- 
tels, les hommes sont tous 
mortels, tous dirent, ils di- 
rent tous, tous out dit, tous 



humains et j^stes, ils sent tous /harasses. 

13. s, in OS (bone) z> TunoscassejTos delajambe, 
pronouncedbj/som€y especially \YotYe OS etait plein de mo- 
rn the singular, before^owels, J e\e, il ronge un os, des os 
consonants, and at the end of\ disloques, il n'a que la peau 
sentences. vet les os, des os en poudre, 

^A ' It . f moeurs, ours, s:ens — moeurs 

14i s IS pronounced by some m < / ® . u i 

^ ^ ( pures, moeurs epouvantables, 

ours mal leche, les ours ont devore cet homme, gens 

honnetes, gens dangereux. 

15. s, if> corns Ccourse), is S ^^ *=*""'" dusoleil, se prome- 

pronouvced by a few. i »^^^" ""T": "" *'''"''' *""" 

-^ ^ (^ vert tous les jours. 

s in ills (son, sons). See at L. 

N. s is never pro-^ 
notinced by many in the same f plus, sens, tous, os, moeurs, 
words but like z before ^ ours, gens, fils, cours. 
towels. ' J 

16. s sounds z in gas (gaz). 



^7 , ,f Ath^nes, Rhodes, Thebes, 

the unaccented \ ^r ^ rpi • ' 

es of GreeAJ^y'^^^'',.^'*^'''??Py'?!', 



II . s, in 

termination es of Lrree/t^ r\ i u i\/r • -j- -rw' 

• ./ , 1 Deiphes, Maimonides, De- 

proper names, is silent, # ^i a 

^ ^ ' ^^mosthenes. 

R. sis pronounced in the ^^^^^^' Venus, Fans, (ril 



accented termination es, and 
in most others of original 
Greek, Latin, Hebrew^ and 
foreign proper names. 



Bias, Menelas, Lai'us, 
Ximenes, Themis, Brutus, 
Nemesisj Tzetzes, Piri- 
thoiis, Joas,PeIops,]Srarses, 
Lemnos, Eleutheropolis, 
Xerxes, Emmaiis, L6onidas, Regulus, Lais, Ceos, Peri- 
cles, Adonis, Cresus, Ceres, S^nuius, Cazales, Antinoiis, 
Las Casas, Ogyges, Philolaiis, Bacchus, Ratopolis, 
Raminagrobis. 

17. E, s is mute in Thomas, Judas, Mathias. 



216 



R. ss sound 9. 



18. sw pronounced by some 1 j/ 

is silent in J6sus-Christ(prow,Jezucri). 

rbosse, presser, casasse, 
J cassasse, possession, dessi- 
J cation, dissuasion, bassis- 
ts sime, assassinassiez. 

s-f, TVT 7 z7 Cassation, assonance, disso- 

19. N. ss are both pro-) ^ accessible, inacces- 
munced by some m | ^i^le. admissible, inadmis- 
sible, missive, scissible, scission, scissure, fissure, fissi- 
pede, assentiment, asservir xi. 

Connexion. 

les amis, je les entends, des 



St. s final silent, sounds z 
in connexion before voxvek. 
It is always pronounced in 
the following words before 
those with which they are 
directly connected; viz. les, 
des, ces, mes, tes, ses, nos, 
vos, leurs, quels, quelles. 



ouvrages, ces indignes ma- 
gistrals, mes esperances, 
tes habits, ses offres, nos 
usages, vos honorabIe3 
blessures, leurs erreurs, 
quels animaux, quelles im- 
menses contrees, quelques 
uns, quelques histoires, d'au- 



quelques, autres, trois,^ ""^' queiques ui.iuiie^, a au- 
cens, nous, vous, ils, elles,- *^^^ yeux, trois arbres, deux 
generally also in the adjective 



preceding its substantive, and 
the oftenest in tres, des, sous, 
sans, dans, pres, apres, 
depuis, jusques, pas, plus, 
moins, when directly con- 
nected. 



cens hommes, nous empor- 
tons, vous irez, ils aidewf, 
elles ouxXoient, tu nous 
ecoutes, il vous obeit, elle 
nous y mene, je les en prie, 
il vous y en porteront, al- 
lons-nous-en, appliquez- 
vous-y, preparez-nous-y-en, 
— -bons offices, bonnes ceuvres, grands hopitaux, excel- 
lentes intentions, petits oiseaux, vilains enfants, ces 
absurdes id^es, vos ^ternels avertissements, tes illustres 
ayeux, quels infects 6gouts, quatre cents autres ignorants 
enthousiastes, ses horribles usures — tres important, des k 
present, il commen^a de boiter des Avignon, sous un 
chef, sans avoir rien fait, dans une maison, il demeure 
pres Auteuil, parle apres eux, vous etes partis depuis 
octobre, jusques au ciel, jusques ^quand, Catilina? tu n'as 
pas encore vu mon jardin, je ne veux plus y rester, 
soyez moins injuste, plus ou moins. 



217 

-., . , . /"nlusieurs habitations, noUs 

not so often in plusieurs, I J,^^^ ^...^^^ ^^^^ Ostende, 

vers envers, k .travers, 1 ^^.^^_^&^^ ^^^^ d'ingrati- 

m ajamibar speaking only, (^g.^^^appa k travers i.n bois, 
toutes chanterer/i //ors Eugenie, je n'en connais pas un 
hormis Andre, placez-vous vis-a-vis elles, mais enfin je 
vous assure ; frappe, mais ecoute. 

auteurs obscurs, les portes 



s commonly does or does 
not soiwdj at pleasure, in the 
sut)stantive preceding its ad- 
jective, varticiplcy or the verb 
it is the subject of, in a fami- 
liar speaking only. 



ouvertes, les cbamps ely- 
sees, des dogmes here- 
tiques, livres assommants^ 
discours insenses, ouvriers 
actifs, marcliands associes, 
lois eternelles, soldats in- 
vincibles, n^goeiants enrichis, un corps efflanque, filous 
adroits, grecs asservis, vos essais infructueux, leurs airs 
aises, trois ans entiers, des usines isolees, tes insertions 
insidreuses, quelques autres associations opposiees, les 
huissiers a^sis k ces assisses— les denr^es augmentewf de 
prix, nos peres ont cru, Thomas observe, les sophismes 
abondew^ dans leurs Merits, Demosthenes excitait ses 
concitoyens a defendre leur liberte, nos droits etaie/?^ me- 
connus, les ministres envoie;?^ des couriers annoncer 
cette nouvelle, ton refus aigrit, ses enfans etudie;?.^, des 
epouses insouciantes agisse??^ sans esprit, aussit6t ces 
choses etranges ont change les soup90DS incertains des 
piincesses et des archiduchesses enchantees. 

, • _7 7 7 ftu me donnes envie de 

s IS seldom pronounced, 

if the speaking is familiar^ in 
all other cases, viz, in the 
verb bejore its object, adverb, 
^c; in the adverb before 



envie 
manger, cours apres lui, 
ROUS dinons ensemble, vous 
^tes etourdi, tu meiirs inno- 
cent, je suis accable, tu as 
ete malade, nous avons ^te 



verbs, pariiciples, adjectives, 

.\c..; in the .wlMixe, ad-J f"'"?"^' % ^'^"^ "'*. F°P"^' 
i^ni-i-'.iy ^r. ^,^, v./,v.;../^ A /^».^ j^ travaillais assidument. 



jective or participle before 
their olject or complement, 
and in the words which have 
not a direct connexion, in 
meaning, with those by which 
they are followed <, 



faisensorte, vous ditesalors, 
nous aurons essuye bieu 
de la peine, tu pourrois 
avoir vu, il faudrozV que ta 
parvinsses au rang de tes 
ancfetres, nous voyage^mes 



V 



218 

eii diligence, vous les avez traites admirablement, nous 
nous y sommes rendus avec difficulte, elles etaient tres- 
instruites k votre ^ge, j'aurais aussi dit cela, tu entends 
Auguste, tu dois encore cent francs, vous faites ainsi des 
fa9ons, tu seras enfin puni, sois attentif— ma tante alors 
arriva, j'ai quelquefois entendu dire, vous ne paraissez 
jamais heureux, il viendra volontiers aubal, nous esperons 
d'ailleurs obtenir, elle n'a gueres intention d'y alter, nean- 
moins on nous attaque, tu es toujours ici, le tour fut 
certes impayable, vous lisez pis aujourd^hui, si toutefois 
Ursule vivait, mets-le dehors aussitot, il pretend desor- 
mais ^tre libre, je les pose expres aupres d'eux, coupez- 
la par dessous avec precaution, elles vont toujours aga- 
9ant, croyez-vous que j'en trouve ailleurs autant qu'ici ? 
1^-dessus ils ne surent que dire, nous etions autrefois en- 
nemis, on Fa vu ici-pres un livre k la main — il g^vait de 
grandes dispositions aux sciences, elles sont toutes dif- 
ferentes entre elles, vous 6tiez enclins a la paresse, ils sont 
tres-honnetes envers toi, mes esperances en lui, assujettis 
aux caprices, que d'aspirants k la fortune ! — avez-vous or- 
donne ? amusons-nous ensemble, donne-les aux pauvres, 
peut-^tre ont-elles appris leurs lemons, comment peuve;/^- 
ils envier un tel sort? rendons-nous utiles, vous adonnez- 
vous k Tetude? nous habituerons-nous en Turquie? ob- 
servez les lois inviolablement, rendez les peuples heureux, 
divertissez-vous avec nous auparavant, elle enseigne a ses 
Aleves en quoi consiste la vertu, dites aux valets o^je dois 
aller, hommes et femmes tout perit, les uns et les autres, 
il flatte les riches et vexe les pauvres, bons ou mauvais, 
y allons-nous ourestons-nous ici? ||| 

N. s is almost always pronounced by some in conver^ 
sation, im i 

R. s in a careful elocution ^ reading and solemn style, 
is always pronounced, unless the ear and tongue think it un^ 
pleasant. The Learner is therefore advised to read the fore-' 
going examples, frst without pronouncing s but in the Jieeessary 
cases ; then every where. v j| 

^ sous-entendre,sous-entente, 

R. s, followed by a hyphen I sous - 6pineux, sous -intro- 
hefore a vowel, is generally J ducteur, sous-ordre, vi«-^-fl| 
sounded (z) ; it is so likewise\ vis, au pis aller, de pis en 
in some trite expressions. I pis, k tons egards, de temps 

^en temps. * 



1 



219 

20. E. sin mors r^^^^ ^ mors aux dents-6tez-lui le 

Ditjy IS said aixcay^ to be 



silent as it is in 



fmors k present. 



^1 N s rthere is no s ) is ( ^^^^^ ^"^^^^ ^^"^ ^P^"^"' 
Zi*i * M L , 1 quatrezyeux, or/a^Aerquat- 

^fli^ia/wcrj/.y ^o6e;?rowoM»cet/^^ /izce /o face^ ie ie 

.11 • I ^Vt!UA« I UVC l\J / live ly IC Ic 



ils sont quarante, ont de 



C' . - 

but in no other a;^erem j Tesprit commequatre, ii'ont 
qaatre yeux may be used, j pas moins de quatre yeux 

^et sont tout oreilles. 



R. s final, sounded with 
its elementary articulation 
(ce), retains it in connexion 
before vo-ivels, h mute and 
aspirated as well as conso- 
nants. 



Ie blocus avait cess^, il 
6tait jadis hermite, Phebiis 
/^ait entendre les hiatus /cur- 
ler a son tympan, Ie pathos 
a-t-il pour vous des char- 
mes ? cette agues iusipide, 
ofFrez gratis un prospectus 
au public, vous unissez Ie lis k la violette, il sema du 
mais en mars ainsi que d'autres graines, on lit Gil Bias 
avec plaisir, cherchez dans votre atlas Eleusis et Corinthe, 
il a pris les cortes en grippe, et regne comme Raminagro- 
bis a Ratopolis aurait pu regner, Paris /msarda fort sa 
vie en duel avec Menelas /^eros sans peur et sans re- 
proche. 



N." See above the woi 



J f plus, sens, tous, os, moeurs, 
m < ^ 111 

I ours, gens, ms, cours. 



T. 

R4 ;«;4^;,»i ^, ^ J- 1 . \ table, tintamarre, tautologie, 
. t mitial or medial is k. .- u . 1 ^P ' 

generally pronounced with ^V./ ^^^00^^^^^^ 
elementary articulation, ify,\ ^"^^f*^?' ^^7^' tsein, 
«.»/ /;./;^, 7 / ; ; ' 7^/tmese, atmidometre, etna, 
notJoUoKcdbyi and another V . ,a! i.j ^ ^i 

voxcel Vartolatre, postdater, atlan- 

^tique. 

!• E. t is silent in /?autbois. 

E . t medial is mute in the C ™ontbar, montb^liard, 

u-onis compounded of mont ) "'"ntbruii, montfort, mont- 

(movntain) followed bu «K S^^^ry, montjoie, mont- 

consonant. J morency,montpellier,mont- 

^_saujoii, monttaucon, mont- 
fleury, montgolfiere, montferrine. 



220 

■n .. n ^ ■ /I Cet, lut, bonnet, alphabet,, 

n t final « genera/ly) ^^^^^^^^ entrepiit, potentat, 

^^ ^" ' (^ bout, vaut, peut, trait, mort, 

caurt, mont, vent, peint, emprunt, tint, ronipt, exempt. 

2. £. t is pronounced in j aceessit azimut, achit, 

( aoonit, biscapit, brut, corn- 
put, debet, deficit, dot, et caetera, exeat, fat, granit, 
x/furt, occiput, opiat, rixort, tacet, ut, vivat, apt, con- 
(iLipt, rapt. 

r bot (hoai), but (he drank), 

t is silent in these xcorda \ chut (he jeilj, fiat (he xvould 

having the annexed aigntfiga- 2 trust )^ fiit (he was), m^t 

tion ; I (mast) , part (part, he goes), 

3. it is prono2mcedinthcil''l ^^'^Vhut'rKf tit 

iaine not ds havins; tAe annex- J ,^ ^ \^fV^i i^j^J ^ ! i r 

ed signification. ) (^'"'"^ '^^ f ^' ^^f ^'^'f f « 

^ ^' x^g^ff-, cask, Sfc), mat {un- 

yolishedy mate), part (birth), rit (rite), 

t /5 5//e/?^ in fait (done, made).. 

rfait (fact, actton)—yoie de 

f^ ?,s pronounced bi/ some in J fait> pris sur le fait, poser 

tiie singular onlj/, in , j en fait, ^tre au fait des 

' choses ; connaitre les faits. 

t is pro7wu?iced by some at ) ^ .^ r . w i. *. 

.z ' , r , ^ . ,v f sot il Tut bien sot, un sot 
the end of a sentence,.in ike >,. • i . 

7 ^ / . ' i livre, rire cies sots. 

singular only, m y ' 

4. t in sept (wherein p. is 
'mute; seven, seventh), and 
in huit (eight, eighth), 

is pronounced w/ien tJ,ese^ ^^^^^ t^^j^^ ^^.^ 

■words are unconnected, or m S- ^-^ ^^ ^^ f^^■^^ „g^f_ 

a series, j 

, 1 ^ 7 C trente-sept, cinq cent huit, , 

or connected to a preced- ) ^m. ^ i. • j t7 i 

, ^ < Charles sept roi de r ranee, * 

7?«- number or noun, } r ^ i ,. ^- / 

^ ' ( Leon /iuitpape, section sept, 

page cinquante-/^uit (pron. cinquantuite), prenez-les tous 

sept, il en avait //uit. 

r ji J 1 7 ( sept fevrier, huit de novem- 

or ioLiotved by a word, i r '^ ; -^ ' ^ ? ^^ 

'.,. • -^ -, ■'< bre, /?uit contre sept, huil 

xvitnout exvressiivj: its units, i \ , ^ • ^ 

^ ^ ' (^ par/e;/^, sept revienue/^/',, 

sept heYsc7ifi, il fondit sur /aiit /zardiment. 



2-21 

or before a nord beginning f sept 6cus, /mit heures, 
mth a luwcl or h mute. \ Mt annees, sept onces. 

- ^ jTseptiouis, /mit francs, sept 

t IS silent before a wordi^J^^^^^ ^^, ,^^^^^^^ ^^^{.^ 

beginning^ with a consonant j ^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^ 

or h aspirated, whose units^ ^.^^^ ^^ . /mitiemes, /aiit 
(//•e expressed by sept or /mit. (^q^i^^i^^es, sept cent sept, 

//uit mille /mit, sept sept, ^uit/mit. 

5. t m vingt (wherein g w 
»^M^e; twenty y twentieth)^ 

is silent, when this word is ^ trois, cinq, sept, ^uit, neuf, 
unconnected or in a series, \ seize, vingt, trente. 

^ j^ J. rquatre-vinfft, quinze-vin&i, 

or connected to a precedi?!^ 11 ? - \ x. ? 

, ^ ^< deux cent vmeft, chapitre 

number or noun, I . . i j ® • . ^ 

' Lvmgt, parler de vingt, 

or followed by a yiumber /'vingt mille, vingt millions, 
which it multiplies, or a word J vingt septembre, vingt com- 
beginning with a consonant\ niencoient, vingt dames, 
or h aspirated, Lvingt ^aillons, 

quatre-vingt deux, quatre- 



or multiplied by quatre 
(four), and followed by a 
wnnber beginning with a con^ 
sonant, or h. aspirated, 

N. t is silent before onze; 



Adngt trois, quatre - vingt 

quatre, q. vingt cinq, q. 

vingt sept, q. vingt ^uit, q. 

vingt neuf, q. vingt douze, 

&c. 

quatre-vingt onze. 



it is pronounced by some'\ 

and not by others, when Iquatre-vingt un. 
vingt, multiplied by quatre, j 

is followed by un (owe), J 

"vingt un, vingt deux, vingt 



t is pronounced when vingt, 
unmultiplied and unmultiply' 
ingy is merely added to a 
following number ; 



trois, vingt quatre, vingt 
cinq, vingt sept, vingt /mit, 
vingt neuf, cent vingt quatre, 
/mit mille vingt /mit. 



^ „ J ; J I . r vinfft ennemis, vin^t habi- 

mng mth a vowel or h mute.| ^-^^^ ^chouerenf. 

^. ., ^ . C vingts — quatre-vinfftseleves, 

1 25 silent in "{ • • ? u _ ^ 

I six-vmgts hommes, quatre- 

vingts hHres, quinze ou vingt quinze-vingts memes \ircnt 

que c'etait clair comme le soleil. 

V o 



U. It final, preceded bij a C anhalt, cobalt, felt-mare- 
single lozvel, are botJi jyro-< dial, smalt, cobolt, indult, 
nounced. , C malt, spalt. 

/'begault, boursaull, sault, 

R. It final, preceded hij) perrault, fontevrault, qui- 

au or ou, are both silent j nault, montmarault, moult> 

Lgueroult* 
R. ct final; See at C. correct, respect, exact. 

R. St final are both pro- f brest, zist, zest, lest, ouest, 
nounced. \ st! pstl 

N. st are both pro- S est (east) — de Test a Touest ; 
nounced in \ de Test nous irons au nord. 

^ 1 .1 -J , J. ^y ,?est (u) — il Test, elle est 

^, are hot k silent at the end \ X. ^ 4. i ^ -^ * ^ 

., , J r \ bonne, c est /?aut, qu e&t-ce 

of smtences or before a can-) .^ ^^^, ^.^^^ ^,^^ ^^^^ 
mnant, and i only ^ounds^l^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ 

bejore a vowels in 



st are both pronounced in 
7. are both silent in 

R. th sound like t 




8. E. tb are silent 



in 



R. R. t fidlowed bjj i and 
one or several vowels, is 
sometimes pronounced accord- 
ing to its elementary articu- 
lation ^ and sometimes like s. 
See pages IZI'^'9, 140. 



maison, 
eureux. 
Christ. 

C Jesus - Cbrist {pron, Jezu- 

I Cri), ante cbrist. 

C thon, tlierminthe, tblasme, 

) thrombe, sthenie, loth, li- 

(^ lith, feldspath. 
asthme, asthmatique, isth- 
me, isthmiens, isthmiques, 
goth, Ostrogoth, visigoth. 
tiens, rotie, amitie, m^tier,^ 
laitiere, //uitieme, antiacide,. 
question, bestialite, mixtion, 
portions — portions, ambi- 
tion, ambitieux, ambition- 
ner v. 



0. E. t scmn 
the words in 
relatives) 



7 ' /L • 1 rabbatial, acratie, actiaque, 
mnds s in (besides i ,. ,. .,. i 

. • 1 ±1 • J actiatique, aetien, a2:alac- 

m ion and their <, ,. K-l \ ^ r. 

J tie, ambitieusement, ambi- 

vtieux, anapetie, antipesti- 

lentiel, apositie, argutie, aristocratic, aristodemocratie, 

Artie, artien, balbuliement, balbutier r, bantiale, Beotie, 

beotien, Betie, brutien, bureaucratic, calvitie, capetien, 

captieusement, captieux, comitial, confidentiaire, consub- 

stantialite, consubstantiation, consubstantrel, consubstan- 

tiellement, contentieusement, contentieux, cynecbcratie, 

Dalmatie, dassaretien, democratic, devotieux, devotieuse- 

naent, differentiation, difFerentiel, difFerentier v, Diocletien, 



223 

iliplomatie, Domitien, egyptien, epizootie, essentiel, essei^ 
tiellement, ^thocratie,etiolement, excrementiel, exponentiel, 
facetie, facetieusemeat, facetieux, factieux, gentiane, 
goetie, goetien, Gratien, gratiole, greiietie, gynecociatie, 
helvetien, heotie, horatien, impartial, impartiaiement, im- 
partiaiite, impartiaux, inipatiemment, impatience, impe- 
ritie, ineptie, inertie, infortiat, initial, initiatif, initiation, 
initier v^ insatiabilite, insatiable, insatiablement, lepontien, 
leucophlegniatie, martial, martianx, migootie;, Miltiade,^ 
minutie, minutieux, nepotien, nicotiane, nuptial, nuptiaux, 
obletia, ochlocratie, onirocratie, onirocritie, partial, par- 
tialement, parti aliser v, parti aliste, partialite, partiaux, 
partiel, patiemment, patience, penitentiaux, penitentiel^ 
perip^tie, peritie, pestilentiel, pestilentieux, petiole petiole, 
pherecratien, pherephaties, phidities, plenipotentiaire, po- 
teatiel, potitiens, predestinatianisme, predestinatiens, pre- 
tentieux, pretutien, primatiale, primatie, prophetie, pro- 
pitiation, propitiatoire, ratiocination, ratiociner r, r6cr€- 
dentiaire, retiaires, reverentielle, rbetien, rhinoptie, satiete, 
scotie, seditieusement, seditieux, silentiaire, spartiate, 
solstitial, substantiel, substan tiellement, superstitieuse- 
ment, superstitieux, supreinatie, taulantien, theocratie, 
tliesprotien, Titien, transsubstantiation, venitien, vocontien, 
action, S^-c, 

10. N. beside, t soundmg s, ( '""Patient, impatienter v 
J . ^ < patient, patienterr, quotient 

en sound an z;i j ^ • /• i / i ^- i 

t sapientiaux, obedientiel. 

11. t is, by some, pro- 7 ^^^^^^^^ Croatie. 

nounced t, and by others s, ^/^ j ' 

R. i followed by Y. «^^«i/0 amphictyons, ichtyite, ich» 

retains its elementary articu- ftvophaoe 

iation. J * ' 

^ .. ,. C flotter, litterateur, attenta- 

K. tt sound t. I ^Qi^,g^ battre, mettrof/. 

-.^ T?\^ J 1.7 ' f attique, atticisme, guttural, 

12. E. tt sound both in | battologie, pittores^ue. 

Connexion. 

-o . r: 1 . r J rcet etat, cet hotel, tout ^tre, 

R. t tin al mute lunpreced-V ^ <l tt ^ " • 

7 , V • ^7) %tout Momere, cent inva- 

ed by r) is s-enerallu z>ro- i,. , , ' 

1-1.1 r J.' } r glides, san&lant outrage, sot 

nou7iced in t/ie adjective before < • i i^ / . ® i 

its substantive beginningiithy''''''^h^^^^^ Pf^^"^ ^^^re, 
avoweL /petit mteret, touchant epi- 

V sode, dilierent autear, etroit 
€space, brillant equipage, galant homme, plat intrigant. 



224 

subit effroi, puissant allie, ingrat objet, adroit empirique, 
saint ange, violent eftort, secret enchantement, maudit 
ivrogne, rampant hypocrite, parfait egoiste, delicat in- 
strument, vaillant auxiliaire, //aut emploi, consolant 
espoir, savant instituteur, discret emissaire, riant avenir, 
immediat envoi, muet etonnement, plaisant aliboron, in- 
quiet enthousiaste, interessant orphelin, complet assorti- 

ment. 

K, . /- .,• 7^ ^plat exquis, un cent augr- 

^ ^ ^ mente dune, ma(?:istrat m- 



does or does not sounds almost 
optionally^ in the substantive 
before its adjective; in the 



juste, le monde forme un 
tout eternel, ventimp^tueux. 



verb before iis object adverb J ^^^^"^ admirable, penchant 
n V .7 -^ '.' p mvmcible, bieniait oubiie, 

occ; m the preposition and , .^ ' ,. ^.c I 

adverb before their cowple^ ^^"^^^^ accompli, defaut 
ment, adjectvoe, participle, ^"^"PPortable, siijet histo- 
verb Sec "^"^' bosquet ombrage, 

' ^ * ^ valet actif, recit inintelligi- 

ble, esprit inventif, endroit obscur, exploit immortel, saint I 
inconnu, teint enfume, ragout abominable, affront indigne, 
pent abime, complot inoui, tribut accablant, substitut 
inutile — il re^oit ordre, elles demanderont avis, il fit 
usage, elle Aonwoit occasion, ils aura^ew^ horreur, elles pre- 
noient inter^t, qu*il liat amitie, il rendrait hommage, qu'elle 
ait appetit, il promet une recompense, elle vint a Feglise, 
ils etaiewf en Flandre, elle ne possederait aucun bien, il 
consent aux propositions, on previent un mal, elles di- 
saifw^ alors, qu'il depensat encore, il tournait alentour, elle 
veut absolument, qu'ils Yoient ailleurs, il est irrite, elles 
CYoyoient autrefois, ils viendront apres vous, qu'il soit 
averti, elles ont etc ensemble — durant un siecle, devant 
elle, avant eux, moyeiinant un salaire, suivant Horace, 
nonobstant Aristote, tant il parait vrai, objet vraiment 
unique, tu plais toujours et souvent instruis, j*aura/ bientot 
acheve, comment exprimer? nous ne serous point uni- 
formes, vous voulutes sottement entreprendre^ j'ai vu . 
tantot Hypolite, conformement aux lois, il lit aussi bien ■ 
que vous, elles s'asseyoif?/^ aupres de nous, vous avez tout 
oubiie, on doit tout y conduire. 

t is always pronounced in C *1"'^°* ^ •"'' ^"^»* ^ f "^' 

i. 7 / , *v, 7 • ) quant aux maux des autres, 

cvwMii. and most commonly in 'l } . /r • ^ x i. x. / ' 

} . , r /♦. /.v ] tout aiiaire, tout etonnees, 

tout before an acljectac. L^ ^^^^^^j^^ tout interdite! 



225 

^ » ,^ -7 . . f^il recut anparavant: un sari" 

t IS freneraUu silent mV ^ \ rr ^ . .1 

, ^ ,. // ., \ ffiaiit anront : au spectacle ;- 

-iCords not directlu connected J ^ . a *^ i 

, . 7 i /• ^i < nous en eprouvames du re- 

Ij/meanwg, a, here before tke^ ^^^^, immediatement; elle 

^^ ^"* V-P^^sentozY k I'enfant: lui 

joujou ; lis coxxYBient aussi tot : apres moi ; je me reveille 
en sursaut: effraye du bruit: en /7aut; ilfut: en cet en- 
droit: assassine; voulez-vous jusquau bout: ecouter son 
histoire? il vient au commissariat: examiner la papiers ; 
dans cette foret: il y avait anciennement: un couvent : 
icet instant: abattu. 

t seems to be seldom pro-0^ *o"t^«t plus grand que la 
munced in the svbject before) partie, cent opinere«f contre, 
its verb i "^^ savant observe, le chmat 

(^ aiFecte le temperament, 
quand le soldat hiverne, un mont arr^ta Farmee, ce gigot 
invite a diner, la nuit approche, Tiustitut ofFre un prix, le 
secret avait transpire, Fedit ordonne, ce forfait epouvanta 
les esprits, le ^eraut informa des resolutions, on dit que 
le gouvernement approuve sa conduite, voir un manant 
insulter son seigneur* 

t, preceded hy r or ^^^^ ^«n fort anneau,un fort inac^ 
other consonant before ent, Icessible, ua fort-honnete 
the termination of' the third J ^'''^'^^^^ ^^"^^ espace, il 
person plural of verbs, is not^ '^''^'^^^^'^^^^'^^^ ^" ^^ ^^- 
pronounced by many. f P^^ ^^ ^^^^ matieres, art in- 

^ connu, concert harnionieux, 
elle acquiert une force progressive, la mort aurait mis uu 
terme a son sort affreux, il est etendu mort a terre, la 
fee sert un dessert abondant et delicat au milieu d'uu 
desert aride, un tort irreparable, il meiirt entre ses bras, de 
toute part on accourt avec transport au rempart attaque 
pour repousser les assiegeants — ils iomhent enfin, elles^ 
viennent acheter, ils tracent un plan, elles se fMient 
aisement, ils abordent au rivage, ils arment un corps, ils 
apostroplient insolemment, elles logent ensemble, ils y 
mettent ordre, ils daignent interceder, elles semblent 
habiles, elles tressaillent k cette vue, ils convinrent entre 
eux, ils n'en coupent aucun, elles marquent une paire de 
bas, qu ils fassent emplette, elles se fixent autre part, ij^ 
vous trouvent heteroclite, ils refusent opiniatrement, elle^ 
entreut aussitoi* 



226 

N. t is pronounced by some as often as possible ; others 
no more think of it than if there were none ; several^ before 
they venture it, religiously consuH the infallible oracle of 
their own ears ; and a few only follow their ease or the di- 
rection of sense with regard to perspicuity. 

mort, tort, goiit, court, h&t. 



t is said not to be pro- 
nounced , for instance, in these 
words and expressions, as it is, 
or is dreamed of being, bar* 
barons, obnoxious to the auri- 
cular ^rgaii, and would almost 
make one be regarded with 
astonishment who should utter 
it. Unfortunately neither 
those astonishing words nor 
their combinations have ever 
be eft ascwtmned. 

t would or should be moid- 
ed, if possible, in expressions 
wherein it nwy produce am- 
biguity, or which already con- 
tain it several times. This 



m^t, lit, respect, instinct, 
navet, assassinat, artichaiit, 
defaut, debout, brulot, sta- 
tut, &c. Tassaut a ete ter- 
rible, le contrat est signe 
-^ et le depot est chez moi, le 
gigot est cuit et le ragout 
aussi, avant de pecher met- 
tez Tappet k la ligne,— un 
goiit horrible, un respect 
extreme, un instinct heu- 
. reux, un tort incroyable, S^c». 

Tachat est Icl (were t pro^ 

nounced, the sentence would 

resemble this : la chate est 

la), rhabit en souftVit fnot 

i'habitant), il acheta votre lit 

J ^^ 7 • / X J bi^r C^fot litiere), apportez 

utter, however, is but one< . \-. i • > Viuu 

. ..' . ,1 t , ,1 /-' votre lit au lofiis (wo^ litlio- 
wmam": ui the laburinth of ^ - . -^ * '^i. x ^ 

. *^, X /• '^' loffie), il parut au rot (not 

real ana apparent awoi<iUi ft es . \ . i ,l -n 

, I- ; ® taureau), un mot (lit aiileurs 

abounding: in every lanouaae, , a' '», ^ l j-^ 

, , ^ ,, 1 ^ I ^ t le decouvnt (not maudit 

but EenerallyMeared awfxy bii , .,| . , i/i-. . a 

^i , .^ ^ ^ tailleur), le debit en est sur 

the context, ^ 



^, 



(not debitant), je mets cet 
ecrit au-dessus (not ecriteau), cela pent ^tre avantageux 
(not t'^tre), elle nous envoyait ordre a la cour (not tordre), 
la fleur que le valet a mise ici (not tamise), il etait fait en 
bourre (not tambour), c'est unique (//^e ces tuniques), mon 
petit ami (like petit tamis), monsieur, vous aurait-on Aik 
cela (/zAt tondu) ? trente //uit en tout: etaient: atteints; 
tout attentat : eut : ete tot : ou tard totalement : inutile.. 

N. t is much pronounced in a solemn diction, with an only 
rational regard for thepji-eceding observations. 



227 

_ , - „ , , , , r la tut-elle, dise/i/-ils du vin, 
R. ifollov^cdbya %/'^4 par.^Mls, plut-on, vola-t-il, 
before f>:^els isahvaysproAl^^j^^ l^^^^^ ^^^^jj 

nounced in verbs most general ^^^^^^^ versa-t-il, dement- 
ally in other words, and,wzth^\^^^ mire/.^-ils, infere-t-il, 
out hyphen, m very usual ex- 1 ^.^^. ^^.^^jj^ depare/^^ils, 
pressions. V.court-elle, sort-on, sopinia- 

tre«^elles, parle-t-on, frustre/?/-ils, sarclewf-elles — avant- 
hier (pron. ti^re), tout-a-Fheure, tout-k-coup, tout-i-fait, 
tout-a-point, tout-a-propos, tout-ensemble, tout-ou-rien, 
peiit-^tre, pot-au-feu, c'est-k-dire, guet-apens, petit-i-petit, 
saint-augustin, fort-instruit, fort-honnete, Port-au-Prince, 
Port-Alegre, SfC. tout ensemble, tout autant, tout autour, 
tout aupres, tout a plat, tout auplus, tout au long, de haut 
en bas, de butenblanc, mort aux rats, d'un bout a Tautre. 
de bout en bout, de part et d'autre, de part en part, fort et 
ferme, &i-c. 

R. t, of course, is silent ^ k tout-^asard, chat-/mant, 
before h aspirated, \ chat-Auane, 

■n ^ ' , , jv . /"amour etaraitie, craindre et 

R. t met (and) is never t ^ , ^^^^^^ ^^ ^ , 

pronounced, and alwaj/s forms I ^^^^ ^^ ^^jj ^.^ ^^ j^^^S^. 

hiatus before vowels. It ts } / ., / . 

... , . *^, , . ^. o ,. , 7 verites et erreurs, nous vou- 

hkelu Its abbreviation <x,wnicn<^ i i. j -i a- 

• / / th lit / ] th\ ordonnons, \\ otire 

mis ^ ^ ^ / ^ J-* ^^ I et ensuite refuse, farouche et 

learned sheefishlnfollo-wedthel^^^^^^^^^^ ^^.^^^ ^^ ^^^^ 

•^^^ * Vil commence et il continue, 

^ tort et a travers, elle se depecha et arriva, gloire et im- 
mortalite, je I'ai ploye et enveloppe, il Va agree et ex- 
pulse (i). 

(1) Wliat a supergrammatical phamomenon is that et to be sure ! 
a copulative conjunction joining without joining I It is certainly 
not less mysterious than the famous E I of Apollo's temple ; but it 
often has ai'ery anti-apoUonic defect, which frightens French Pegasu* 
out of his wits, for it hiatuses at him. It would be then very dan- 
gerous and wicked to lay it on his hack : the poetical Rozinante 
I, would instantly fall, from the empyreal plains where he pretends 
I to gallop, into the mud of earthly prose, with great danger of his 
legs, wings, tail and tuneful ears. Is it not strange (not to say 
natural) that our poets, who are so afraid of hiatus, far from having 
recourse to the ancient and still general contrivance of euphonic 
letters to escape it, should even reject the existing means which 
orthography and analogy afford ? Than et pronounced ^, no word 
surely could oftener give occasion to a poetical licence or dispen- 
sation with common sense. 



228 

13. £. t IS provovnced in 1 
iliis and all other latin sen- >ab hoc et ab hac. 
fences, J 

See abcxcy sept, huit, vingt, 

U 

_. , , , C une, rhume, vertumne, unit6, 

R ua/zJii commonly re^^^^^^^^^^^ cucurbitain, al- 

tain their elementary sound. ^ b^^i^e, lancunier, lustrer, 

concurfwf, morue, turpitude, structure, hurluberlu, piqAre, 

en€oqure, exigu, contigu, argument. 

-,17 , . ( circumincession, nummu- 

1, xii. u sounds o m s i - 

I laire. 

2. u sounds o, and with some, 1 i i i i • . 
^ . > club, ciubiste. 

ou, u, in 3 

^ . „ .7 r<iui, quiproquo ; mesquin^ 

H. u IS ^generally silent V ^^.^^^.^ frequenter, que- 
<tfter q which is joined to ihe< ^,^||^^ quelconque, inculqua, 
Jollowing sound. (quasi, quasimodo, quan- 

quan, quand, quotidien, convoquons, piquure, queue, an- 
tiquaire, vainquions, pourquoi, vaquo^>??^, quoailler, qu'un, 
qu'huilier, qu'ou, qu'ouir, qu'eau, qu'oeuvre, qu'hyene. 

„ T? • 1 r. ( ablaqu6ation, aquila - alba, 

3. h, u IS pronounced after ) 1' -^ .-^ i^/. * i/ 

^ •( biqumtiie, deliquescence, de- 

^ (^ liquescent, equiangle, ^qui- 

axe, equicrural, ^quidifferent, equilateral, ^quilatere, 

Equimultiple, equipollent, Equiponderance, equitation, 

laqueaire, liquefaction, petit-que, proquesteur, questeur, 

questiire, h quia, quindecagone, quinque, quinq«enove ( p. 

kuinkenove), quinquerce, quinquereme, quinquevirs» quin- 

tidi, quintilien, quintuple, quintuplerx?, quirinal, semi-quin- 

tile, sequin, terraque, ubiquiste, ubiquitaire. 

4. N. y u is miite in Equinoxial (equinoctial J. 

I suunds in Equinojiial (the equator J. jH 

5. n is pronounced by some, | ^^^^^ Equidistant. " 

and not l)y others, in ^ ^ ' ^ 

^ r^ 7 if ad6quat, aliquante, aqua- 

6. u after q sounds ou > ii ' .-i^ ' +; „^ 

, .. < * J relle, aquatile, aquatique, 

^ ' ( biquadratique, desquama- 

tion, equant, equateur, Equation, equatorial, inquarto, 
liquation, loquacite, masquapenne, obliquangle, obli- 
quation, per^quateur, quadragenaire, quadragesimal, 
quadragesime, quadrangle, quadrangulaire, quadrangule, 



quadricapsulaire, quadricolor, quadridente, quadriennal, 

quadrifide, quadriflore, quadrifolium, quadriga, quadrige, 

quadrijugue, quadrillion, quadrinome, quadripartitiori, 

quadriphylle, quadrireme, quadrivalve, quadrugee, quad- 

rumane, quadrupede, quadrupedologie, quadruple, quad- 

rupler r, quaker j)ron, and bpelt also quaere, quakerisme, 

quakerianisme, quartz (z pron,), quartzeux, quaternaire, 

quaterne, quaterne, quaternite, squadroniste, squajote, 

squale, squammeux, squammules. 

7 l\r j is mute in quadrature (^2« geowze/r^^ J.. 

I souficis on m quo^draUivefinhorologi/J, 

o • J I ( quadernes, quadrilatere, 

8. u ts pronounced on by ) ^ i ^ j ^- j 

p 1 . 11 L si .< quadrat, quadratique, quad- 
some, Scnot at all by others, tn ) \ i • ^ Pi 

' ^ -^ ' Y riiocuiaire, quartiie, quas, 

quass, quaz, fs and z pwn*)} quasi-contrat, quasi-delit, 
quartidi. 

9 u sounds properly after ■) q„i„quag^„aire, quinqua- 
the first ^, and ou "/'f/- > ^^sime, quinquatries. 
the second, in J ^ ^ 

-D J J h 7 f ffuerre, onffuent, lang-uir, 

Jti. u preceded by 2:, and\^ • -j ^ • j/ ° • 

r 11 J I I ) guise, guide, guinde, euin- 

fotiowed by a voiceL is scne- < ^, ^.. '' . ' v • ,l 

rallii silent / ^"^f^^' guingum, gmguant, 

^ ' (^ subjugu^mes, distinguo, vo- 

guons, iieologue, longueur, paraguai, baguier, begue, aigue- 

niarine,aiguade,aiguaille, aiguiere, bourguiere, narguaiew/. 

10. E. n is pronounced in \ b"g"yere, contiguity, engui- 

^ I enure, inguinal, onguicule, 

pinguin, arguer r, arguant, ^-c. redarguer i?, Guise, Le 
Qvixde (both proper names), 

and in (-with ai sounding S^'^'^^\'^^'''^^^^^ .^J^"^^^^' 
6, and 11 saHval) Y> aiguilletage, aiguilleter r, 

C aiguiMetier, aiguillette, ai- 
guillier, aiguilliere, aiguillon, aiguillonner ^, aiguisement. 

r alguazil, guan, gttirantingua, 

11. n sounds ou after g^ lingual, linguatule, nigua, 
bejore a in "S paraguante, sublingual,Gua- 

^ deloupe, Guadalquivir, S^c. 

R. urn, un, ^nnfnal ^, f ^"^ble, d^funt, brun,jeun, 

followed by a diffe/ent con^ ) ^^"^^^^^^ tribun verdun, 

sonant, express a nasal sound A "^^P^""' ^^""^ ^,«ibrun, cha- 

m and n being mute. I f ""' Y^erdun, alun, parfum, 

V.loudun, autun, importun, 
s soudun, aucun, melun, emprunter, mambrun, delundun. 



13. um sound ome in 



230 

Trt T» ji r acupuncture, coniungfo, in- 

12. ti. WW. \ym express the \ f \^vc ^j \ i 

7 1 ',1 1 ) fundi buhiorme, peduncule, 

nasal sound on wit n n and m< /j i/ • i/ 

, . ] peduncule, unzame, lemun- 

' (^cule, negundo, nuncupatit, 

nundinales, Dunkerque, columbaire, lumbago, resumpte, 

resumpte, resumption, umbares, umbilic, umble, rumb 

(pron, rombe), Humbert," 

J centumvir (pron, san.,..) 
\ centumviral, centumvirat, 

duumvir, duumvirat, triumvir, triumviral, triumvirat, cir- 

cumincession, nummulaire, rum, rhum. 

H. «m final sound t./Mo«^ Cf"'V'°'"'?'"i""V™"'!"T' 
nasality ome, in most latin) ^^^^^'''^JP'}^,^'"^^)''^^- 
tvords under their or I 

form, - 1/ / - 1. 1 1 

\^ gum, vade-mecum, bdel- 
lium, forum, interlunium, jejunum, laudanum, leucoium, 
gingidium, ultimatum, xanthium, capharnaiim, S^c. 

14. E. um sound nasallu In,, 
^„ ,, , . ^ >iactotum. 

on with m mute, 2« J 

15. um are pronounced ome 1 o , 
1 J L iL • ^lactum. 

0]/ some, and on 01/ otnerSy m J 



lainal\ ^^^"^'^ gnaphalium, muse- 
um, geranium, opium. 



■ 



sa- 



il, au, eau sound o; eu 
and oeu sound strongly e ; ou 
sound like ou in the English 
word should ; au, eu, ou 

render the same sounds lono-. 



fauconneau, sauveur, oeui, 
Jour,couteaux, douloureux, 
begault, rougeaud, blan- 
choeuvrier, couleuvreau, 
feue, proue, queue, quoue. 



gueux, aqueux, montueux, 
truau, nouure, enfouie, r^aux, rieur, bleuie, bleuatre, 
Jouare, tchaou, sarquiou, rouant, rouen, engouoeVw^, chou- 
ette, loueur, tintouin, dejouons, pyoulque, miauler, caou- 
ane, glaieul, langueyeur, frayeur, tuyaux, vouions, cor- 
veieur, minaouet, royaute, joyeuse, soyoux. 



R. u is pronounced with 
its own sound, being separated 
hy the diceresis from the pre- 
ceding or following vowel. 



saiil, amphiaraiis (s pron, J 
alcinoiis fs pron.) Hauy, 
exigiie, ambigiie, cigiie, be- 
saigiie, contigiie, aigiie, su- 
raigiie, begue,exiguite, am- 



bigiiit6, contiguite, argiier i', argiiant, S^c, redargiier v. 



231 



^exigue, ambfgue, cigue, be- 

N. u after g is pro- l saigue, contigue, aigue, su- 

7wunc€c!, when the following j raigiie, begue, exiguite, am- 

vowel has the diceresiSy fl/ic/Ybiguite,contiguite,buguyere, 

sometimes when it has not, / aiguille, arguer v, argue, 

^argua/, 4'C. 



R. u after i or y, and 
before all vowels, sounds dis- 
tuictlj/, except when preceded 



iule, sciure, embryulkie, 
polyulce, balayure, evacuer, 
eeuelle, cuir, ecuyer, made, 
virtuose, lituus fs pron.J, 
^luei 



!ur, gruau, nuee, vue, af- 
Qucnty affluent, affluant, excluons, {yiyuienf, alcuin. 

-^ T^ . •; / 7 r accueil, accueillirt.cereueiL 

16. E, u IS silent, csoundsx .„ ' .„ \ ./ 

, , • • / J } cueiUaffe, cueilleret, eueil- 

k, e sounds ou, i is mute, ana< , ,^ ® ' ... '.,i. 

1 ' i, I • • J lette, cueilleur, cueillir i\ 

I or li are salnaf, in f n • / i -i 

' (^cueiiloir, ecueil, recueil, re* 

cueillement, recueillir r, recueilloir. 



Connexion. 

-o • ..• 1 7 X I- J ries unes, ces universites, 

II. u initial does not hinder I . ^ ' . ' 

, . ,. r 7- I puissant usurpateur, vous 

the lunction of precedinf^con-^ K, . \ ' . 

^ , -^ ^ ® i declarez unanimement, mot 

sonants, f -^^ 

V^usite. 

17. E. u o/'une hinders the f sur les une heure (pron» le 
junction of s of les in this<^ une) — venez sur les une 
most usual and absurd phrase. [ heure. 

Y. 

Svive la verite, invincible, 
pouvoir, avant, vivifier, pre- 
vu. 

R. w beginning a syllable^ C Washington, wallon, wind- 
that is, preceding a t^ozre/, < sor, wigh, Warwick, ryswick, 
usually sound like a single v. (_ czarowitz. 



1 . E. w sound ou in 



wist, wiski. 



. w ending a syllable X^Z^""} '''"■''"•. ^^"t^''^' 

is, preceded by avowdX "ewtomen newtomanisme, 

'^. . ^ M paw T/'. po), law, pellew> 



R 

that 

are considered as u. 



brisgaw. 



332 
X. 

R. X initial I* pro«OM«ced^ ^^vjjj^f .^^.j xylogly- 
ks by some, and gz by o'^f'-^'lphe, xyste. xyno^cies. 

1. £. X sounds gz only, in Xavier, Xenophon. 

__ , ,, , r exact, exag^rer, exaltation, 

R. X preceded hy e or he I exanth^matique, exaucer, 

initial, andfollowedby a voweU ex6cuteur, exemple, exer- 

or h mut€y sounds gz ; ^^^^^^ exigeant, exorcisme, 

exulc^rer, hexacorde, hexaedre, hexagone, hexagynie, 

hexameron, hexametre, hexandrie, hexapetalee, hexa- 

phore, hexaphylle, hexaples, hexapode, hexapole, hex- 

aptere, hexastile, exhalaison, exhaussement, exhaustion, 

exher^dation, exhiber, exhorter, exhumer, exhydria. 

^ -. , , , . f alexandre, vexer, lixer, sur- 

R. X medml preceded and I ^^^^^^ apoplexie, auxiliaire, 

Jollowed by vowels (except e J ^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^ luxuriant, 

or he initial J , generally \ p.oximite, orthodoxe, euxin, 

sounds ks. C sexagesimal, 

- ^ , . C soixante, soixanter v, soix- 

2. E. X 50«/i^5 s m I antaine, soixantieme, Aux- 

erre, Auxerrois, Auxonne, Auxois, Bruxelles, LuxeuiL 

- J • i sixain, sixieme,sixiemement, 

3. x sounds z m | dixieme, dixiemement. ^ 

, t^ . C Don Quixote f». ^y 50?«e 

4. X sounds chm | guichote). - 

/'anxiete, morxi, helxin6,p 
R, X medial, preceded or \ texte, dixmude, expulsion, 
Jollowed by a consonant, ge-J buxbaume, exfolier, excuse, 
nerally sounds ks. J desexcomunier, ambidextre, 

^^exclure, artaxerxe. 

N^ ^..^j 1 t r 1 ( exsiccation, exsuccion, ex- 
. x sounds k, when foU i j \ .- n ^ ^ 

7^*.,^^ A,, c , ., ^ A /• • < «uder, exsudation, excellent, 

lowed by s or c before e, i, v, ) .^ ' .. . * 

^ J > >J9 ^ exciter, exception, excise. 

6. E. X is mute in \ '*'^™^' , ^''''^^' "' *^'^™^"''' 

I auxqueis, 

R. X final, preceded by a{ ^y"^' ^P*'*"^' '^r^"^' T''^''' 
cow5on«wi^ or univocal sounds J t""' mdex perplex, anthrax, 
is pronouced ks. ') borax, climax, contumax, 

(^ smilax, storax, thorax, m6- 
ningophilax, styx^ jphenix, prefix, felix, larix, 6rix, onyx, Ji ( 
medianox, fox, palafox, pollux, ceyx, quiex. 



233 



coccyx. 
C crucitix, prix, salsifix, per- 
( drix, llux, reflux, afilux, 

aulx, Dussaulx. 



are unconnected^ 
series. 



or m a 



6. E. X sounds s in 

7. X is mute in 

8. Ix are mute in 

9. x in six (sixy sixth) y 
and dix (ten, tenth) ^ 

, 1.1 J run, deux, trois, quatre, cinq, 

sound, s, when these xvordsi ^. ^^-^^ „^^j. ^^ 

\ onze, vingt, vingt-deux, 
(^trente, 

. ,, ,. (vinoft-six, cinquante - six, 

or connected to aprecedtng\ quatre-vingt -dix, Henry six 

number ornoun, (roi d'Angfeterre, L6on dix 

protegea les arts, livre dix, paragraphe six, il en viendra 

dix de suite, vous le promettez a six ^ la fois. 

r 11 ^ 1 1 J C s^ix iuillet dix decembre, 

or fotlowed by a word. \ ^ y . , v . ' 

^ -.1^ i "^ V, '. < niesure a six-quatre, a six- 

witnout expressins: its units, j , ., v • ^ i' 

^ ® (^ /?uit, a six-seize, dix-sept, 

dix-septieme, dix-neuf, dix-neuvieme, dix pour cent, six 

moins deux, six veule/^/, dix refusew^, six ^arango/e«Y, dix 

/mrlaie;?/, 

N. in this case x is pro^ (ff octobre,*dix avril, de dix 
nounced z, by some, before a\ ^*^^ ^ix reste quatre ; un 
Tcmel or h niute, ) ^!^ ^^ chiffre, six ensemble, 

(^dix dixxwenty six heriteront, 

f dix-y^uit, dix-^uitieme, dix- 
< /^uitiemement, dix-^uitain, 
(^ mesure k six-^uit. 



X sounds z in 



X sound z before « "'orrf'J .j^ ^bjets.dixheures, trente 
beginmngwM a voxvel or h f .j^ ^^ quatre. vingt- dix 
mute, when its units are €x- ii^^^ ^ ® 



pressed by six or dix. 

six vingts, six cent, dixmille, 
six voitures, dix herissons^ 
vingt six hussards, cent dix 
hetres, six huitiemes, dix 
huitiemes, six dix, dix six, 
six six, dix dix. 

C six quatre, six ^uit, dix sept, 

N. x, in this case, isj dix septiemes, dix /^uit, dix 

silent in j /mitiemes, dixneuf, dixneu- 

(^viemes. 



X is silent before a word 
beginning with a consonant 
or h aspirated, the units oJ\, 
which are expressed by six or 
dix. 



X3 



234 

!dix-sept, dix-septi^mes, dix- 
^uit, dix-/mUiemes,dix-neuf, 
dix-neuviemes. 

T* /. 1 . X if veaux, paix, baux, ceux, 

preceded by a plunvocal sound J ^^^^^^ ^^.^^^^^ ^^ 

or the diphthong oi. ^ ^^^^^^^ j.^^^^ noyaux, ca- 

sfeeux, caieux, voix, choix, noix, croix, Hurepoix, Mire- 
poix. 

10. E. X is pronounced s ( Aix, Aix - la - Chapelle 
by some, and ks by others, in \ ft owns J, 

Connexion. 
^ n . ' J rdeux epoux, deux heures, 

R. X final mute sounds z I ^^^ environs, faux accord. 

,nconnexion.-It IS generally J ^^^^^^ ^at, jaloux auteurs. 

pronounced m the adjective^ ^^^^^^^ accident, doux es- 

before its substantive ; f • 

. . , ^ ^. T r Cchevaux alertes, cheveux 
«« </.e .«65<a«^ta;e before) , ^^^^^^^ j^^^.j^ .^ 

Its adjective; | exhorbitant, paix inviolable, 

toux horrible, flux alarmant, courroux implacable. 

in the verbs veux and ^ je veux y aller, tu peux 
peux ; I ^crire, tu en veux une. 

. ^ , rtuenv^aux assurement bien 

X is or IS not pronounced, ) i • .... 

. ; • xi ' < la peine, sa voix inspire la 

at pleasure, in other cases, ) V i j • i. 

. ^ ' (^ connanee, les perdrix abon- 

defit, il est^heureux aupres de vous, le flux et le reflux de 

la mer. Si 

N. X pronounced ks or s 1 1'}'"'^ incomprehensible, 

alwaj/sretainsitsartkulationAt'^''''' ''''^'^ ^''''' ^"^ *"* 

t Provence. 

See above the words six, dix. 

Y. 

K y. ie/ore «« rotre/., C *=y**'^^' r".^ 'il'y?' *'^y«"' 
and with most consonants, J ™yope, dryite, dryin, pyoul- 
soundsi. jq"«' bryome polyandne. 

(^myure, geniohyoidien, y- 
preau, hyoepiglottique, cryptopyique, borysthene, denys, 
^hantilly, neuilly, jury, lypy. 



1 



235 

R. ym and yn Jinal or f thym, nymphe, corymbiftre, 
followed bi/ a different con^o- j symphytogyne, lynces, apo» 
tiunt, sound nasal Ij/ in, wit h\ cyn^ laryngologie, syndes- 
uior n mute. (^mopharyngieii. 

Y'az37^me, symetrie, dynam- 

R. y is not nasal if follow- \ ique, synonyme, asymmetrie 

ed by m or n arid a vowel, or< (pron. aci..)> thynnees, syn- 

6j/ mm, mn, nn; i nevrose, lymnee, gymnase, 

Vgymnothorax, hymnologue. 

C ray, vayvode, clay tone, ayri^ 

R. ay, ey somd e or e; ; dey, bey, ceylan, jersey, 

oy sound oa, oua, oe, oue ; \ gernesey, capeyron, noy, 

(^ lannoy, roy. 

1. E. ay sound ei ; and oy C pays, payse, paysage, pay- 
sound 01 in \ sagiste, paysan, Moyse. 

R. y, between vowels, ('ZZo'7n^'STe' /*^"- 
stands for [Land is pro?ioiinC'<^. '. ^ * .^ / ^^^' 
ed according to the rules ofi.) "''"f' S-^asseyiez, tuyaux, 
° ^ t^voyions. 

2. E. y sounds like 'i with^ CfY^ ^« crj/J ayeul,bisayeul, 

oz/^ affecting the ;>/ece(//;i^^ *'''^y^^^' ^^^^^y^»' P^^"' 
twe/fm . ^)fayence, bayonnette. Bay- 

(^onne, Bayeux, Blaye, Aii- 
daye, Lueayes, Biscaye, Mayence. 

R. aye, eye, uye, oye, \ 
ending a syllable or a word, I aye (have), paye, essaye, 
are generally pronounced k, f grasseye, essuye, deploye, 
ui, o^ or o^, but by some > defray er«2, balayerow, gras- 
e-i-e, ui-i-e, oa-i-e or be-i-e, i seyement, appuyeront, mi- 
both ie sounding, though very 1 toyerie. 
faintly. J 

3. E,Q,je sound forcibly ^i ^ ,, 

in " 1 abbaye. 

7. 

R. z initial or medial is C zele, czar, zizanie, zinzolin, 
always pronounced. \ zigzag. 

R. z final is mute, and the i nez, chez, rez, lez, assez, 
preceding e sounds e. ( sonnez, convenez, riz, 

1. £• z is pronounced in gaz. 



236 

R. z final is pronounced z "^ 
by swfne, and s by others, in f Alvarez, Lopez, Perez, 
Spanish an dot her foreign pro- ( liodez, Suarez, Booz. 
per names, J 

( lazzi, mezzanine, mezzabout, 
R. Z2 sound z. < mezzotermine, mezzo-tinto, 

( Arezzo, Abruzze. 

Connexion. 

-^ ^ , , _^^7„ C vous aimez a jouer, aimez 

R. z final mute, commonly \ j. z. 

. ^ I . ' - .f. 1 avec respect et servez avec 
remains such in connexion, vU^^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^^ 

the colloquial style. ^ ^. ^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^.^^^^ ^^^^^ 

utile, chez Ambroise, riz 6pais, riz au lait. 

E. z is always pronounced C chez elle, chez elles^ chez 

in ^ leux. 

^ . , Tvous aimez ^ jouer, allez 

R. z n commonly pronoun- \^^^^^^^ ,^ ^.-^^^.^J ^^^j._ 

c«/ /« a careful delivery. | ^^^^^ ^^^^ patience, assez e- 
legarament, riz exquis, 11 va chez Aspasie avec son nez 
6p^te, nez ang^lique. 

N. z is or is not pronounced^ at pleasure, by the majority, 

TWO EXCEPTIONS, 
a and 1 are silent in saoul. 

, / , • f aiguille, aiauillee, aisfuiller 

ai sound e, and u is pronoun- ) ^ - u ^ • n^. 

m ju«/m c, uHu, V. /. » ,^ aiguilletage, aiguilleter r, 

^'^^'^ ( aiguiUetier, aiguillette, ai- 

guillier, aiguillon, aiguillonner r, aiguisement. 

sjinal is pronounced, and 

both gn sound unsalival in agnanthus, magnes. 

, . ( bathrachus, chamtec^rasus, 

ch sound\i in ^^ chamedrys, chorus, diacha- 

Jasis, distichiasis, hydrorachitis, hydrorachis, lach^sis, 
lonchitis, orchis, rachitis, rachosis, stachis, stechas, 
trochus. 

8 medial sounds s in cosinus * 

en sound in in mendes. 

both XT sound in myrrhis. 



237 



both 11 sound in 
VL after q sounds in 

s medial is pronounced s 
and 

en sound in in 

ch sound k m 

u sounds ou z« 

u sounds after g m 



amaryllis, ag-asillis, Pallas, 
quibus. 



C hendecasyllabe, 
^ ringue. 

orchesographie. 

quadrisyllabe, 

sanguisuges. 



pentasy- 



s medial sounds z and t final \ .^ . . 
J . ,*■ y transit* 

ts pronounced in J 

s medial is silent and oi sound I basi^ordois 



e m. 

c\\ sound k in 

and 

both rr sound iri 
e« sound ene i/i 
er sound ere m 



mechoaehan. 

chinorrodon. 

lichen. 

trochanter. 



en sou7id an and 



1 7nedi<{l sounds s m 



f patient, patienter », sapien- 
(^ tiaux, superpartient, sur- 
I bipartient, surpartient, sur-tripartient. 



en sound \n and 
er sound ere /w 
um ^oz/;2(i on i/t 



biventer, 
pensum. 



en 50MWC? ^ne, and both 11 ^ommJ ) „ 

^ pollen. 






on 5ow/?c? o, a7id X is siltiit 



in 



monsieur. 



u is pronoun cedy and em sound 1 i.^Quiein, 



erne in 



i 



u sounds on, awg? 
^w^A 11 sound in 



colliquatif, colliquation< 



11 are vnsaUval in 
both nn sound in 
er sound re in 



un sound on, and 
t sounds s /Vi 



238 



quatrillion. 

quatrieiinal. 

quaker. 



opuntia. 
punch. 



THREE EXCEPTIONS. 

Both ss final sound with s:n 7 
unsalivalia • j agnus-castus. 

u after q sounds like ou, t") 

medial likes, and en like an, > sur-quadri-partient. 
in J 

un 6ow/^rZ on with s ««c/ u ? 
pronounced, in j unguis. 

^w^/^ uu sound like ou, flwe/ 7 
^mlikeame,m jquanquam. 

C kirsch-wasser Cpron, ker- 
I vasse flfA/rf kervass^rej. 

N. B. There are several other irreoularities tokrated in 
familiar conversation , such as su before a consonant for sur; 
mecredi /or mercredi ; chirugie, chirugien /or chirurgie, 
chirurgien ; mameselle for mademoiselle; ageter ^b/t. 
acheter ; st /or cet ; ste J'or cette ; S^c, but as the regular 
pronunciation is not as yet superseded by the corrupt one, and 
is still better ; no further iiotice will be taken of the subject.' 

CONNEXION OF WORDS CONTINUED. 



English learners, the young 
in particular, have a natural 
way to prevent hiatus in one 
case. They almost all pro- 



*il a assur6, nous consentons 
a executer, elle va imaginer, 
le bacha observe, vous voil^ 
ultra, il viendra aussi, mon. 



munce a guttural r hetJcn J P^P^ aide, je penserai a eux. 
fin^X and any other follomng^ '^ passa outre, ce^ ratafia 
vowel. It is needless to say 



how carefully the officious in- 
truder ought to be turned out. 



embaume, elle sembla im- 
praticable, ma onzieme page, 
il porta un sac, le sofa aura, 
ete vendu, racaciaombragea 



239 

une allee, celk enseigna au pacha a etre prudent — foi 
aveugle, convoi important, poiirquoi obeir a un viceroi 
injuste, oie engraissee, elle nettoie une chambre. 

E SIMPLE WEAKENED or SILENT. 

It is a constant practice among all the natives of France 
but those of the southern parts, — to weaken, as often and 
as much as possible, in speaking and commonly in reading 
prose, the strong sound eu of e simple or unaccented, into 
the faint sound it expresses after the final consonants, or 
which is heard, though unwritten, after the initial or me- 
dial, followed by others ; thus querelle, promenade^ vive- 
nicnf, vaguemestre, are pronounced crel, promnad, vivment^ 
vagmestr ; — and, in some cases, to suppress it entirely, as 
in netiett pronounced nettc. 

Few foreigners, if any, observe this law of Custom, 
which brands their diction with the stigma of gasconism 
or of alienity, the too frequent cause of ill-disposition and 
ridicule, instead of serving as a passport for hospitality ; 
yet, were it not for this most recurrent but very superable 
defect, the pronunciation of many might be thought native. 
To attain this, the acme of perfection, the learner cannot 
too much practise the following examples and exercisQ. 

N. The e to be weakened is in italics. 



e medial orjinal is extreme- 
ly/ weakened or rather silent 
between txvo similar or analo- 
gous articulations, preceded 
by a vowel. Double conso- 



POLYSYLLABLES, 

tube bouche, enjambement, 
ils n'enjambe«^ pas, benefice 
certain, espace zodiacal, ro- 
chechouart, riche genereux, 
la prude dira, episode tou- 
chant, grande nouvelle, tar- 



nants are both pronounced, 1 . ^r i a-/ r ^i i 

J, 1 *• 7 X- „..A tutie iieiie, 1 ortho2:raphe va- 

Analoiious articulations are ' . , ' a. . *., 

b D m— c «•— d t 1 r n— '''^' "^'^^''^ S'^^^^' '^ ^^- 

f/v^j, ch-s, x,';. 'two tm^^g^'^ continuellement, 

analogous articulations coa- pl"«fg^ jaune, e loge char- 

lesce and sound as one parti- "^^"^' ^^' ^^^' P^^'^^^ ^^""^^> 



cipating of both. 



habilete, cavalerie, vilenie, 
m^mement, ame basse, som- 



me payee,, une nuit, peine d'esprit, souverainete, cannelure, 
donncrais, participe present, developpement, soupe bien. 



240 



Jacqwe* qui ronfle, musiqwe guerriere, pensp serieusement, 
jeunesse z^l^e, honn^tete, toute ta vie, cotte d'armfts, main- 
tcnir, ils esquiven^ vite, la treve finit, il fixe ses yeux, pa- 
radoxe, z^nonique, treize zero. 

, r t X /'beby, ceci, dedans, pepin, 

^^s not maM between r^^^.^^_^^^^ ^y^l 

two smiar arttculawns w,.\ ^y^^^^^^^ ^victene, fourhe 
preceded hy a ycrwel, or pre- ^ y^^^- ^^^^^ s„p^rieure, aide 
ceded by a dt^fferent articvla- i ^^^^,^:^^^^ be,ge genereux. 

^^^* ^tu nargues gauchement, 

risible lubie, miasmes morbifiques, caverne noire, pulpe 
pourrie, ob^lisque curticone, livre rouge, Celge soutient, 
adopte tout, larves voltigeantes. 

^vcnir, chmu, menacer, em- 

e, between txvo (liferent ar- \ pereur, mouvt ment, second, 

tkulations, h generally tjceak— I mesure, appeler, dangereux, 

ened^ J remuer, parfaitement, nai- 

V^vete, lendemain. 

, ^ '-, p rfermete, encorneter, premier, 

e, between three or four I 1 1 i,. i - ^ , i 

,.^' ^ ^. 7 ^. ' 1 1 reblanchir, berfferie, noble- 
ainerent articulations, IS less< . * \. Yi J 

^ , ; , ' I ment, aprete, edredon, ex- 

or not weakened. I 4. I _* • i 

(^ actrment, appartenir, quel- 

quefois, grenier, sevrer, surprenant, pour venir, il menace, 

vieillard chenu, par seconde, avec mesure, entreprenons. 

e, in two adjoining sylla- f ^^^""l''' '^i'}f' '^'^^'^"'^ ^^ 

bles, h weakened in one, which } ^r""''"'.' 'T i "''^''*"'■• 

is commonly the second. ) c^"^^'^' «hevrlure gen.- 

, l^vrier, genevois, brevete, 

grenetier, entretenir, contrevenir. 

e, in three adjoining sylla- ^ j • j • j 

t f ^ • 1 *^ 1 • ^ ^ ( redevenir, redevenir, rede- 

bleSy IS weakened in one or > - i • 
' fvenir, redevenir. 



f two, 

e between two articulations 
in thejirst syllable of a word 
preceded by a word ending 
with a vowel or silent conso- 
nant, is commonly weakened. 



la demande, en cela, donnez- 
moi ceci, les menses, grand 
benet, marchez devant, nous 
tenons, nos neveux, sans 
reculer, tes champs sem6s, 
un besoin, aux fenetres, tor- 
rent gele, sa quenouille, donner lef on, deux petits, badaud 
guenilleux, du velours. 



241 

MONOSYLLABLES (ce^ de^jcj Ic^ mcy ne^ que^se^ te). 

71 n r 1 f ^e bouquet, deRome h. Na- 
e, in a monosyllable foU i i j i i i i i 

, , , .J ^ ^ ^ 1 pies, de la lune au soleil, k 

lowed by another consonant j ^ / 

^1 ^1 A r J.X 77 7 7 < menaffe, me narffuez-vous, 

than that of the mojiosyllable, \ u j 

/ / r i ne marchandez pas, que no- 

16 commonly weakened^ f i. • * iv i 

•^ ^tais-tu la, que lavez-vous, 

que repond-on, se pare-t-elle, te las»es-tu, te mefies-tu, 

te nourrit-il, te rappelles-tu, te souviens-tu. 

e in a monosyllable unpre- f ce savon, de Douvres a 

ceded by a vowel or silent con- \ Calais, je joue, le li^vre, me 

sonant, hit followed by the J meconnais-tu, ne nie pas, 

same consonant as that of the i que conclure, se sert-il, te 

monosyllable, is not weakened, ^tourmentons-nous. 

it is ueakened, if the mo- C ^^ <:« ««>■■' plat de dindon, 
nosyilable be preceded bu « 1 si jejoue, oil git le heyre, tu 
vowel or silent consonant. ) "»/ meconnais, on ne me pas, 

f^negocier amsi que combat- 
tre, on doit se servir, il faut te tirer d'afFaire. 

ai-je, suis-je, dusse-je, trou- 



e, in a monosyllable pre- 
ceded by a vowel or silent 
consonant f is generally weak- 
ened. 



ble-je, 6tait-ce, il a le des- 
sein, tu me pries, prends le 
pain, si ce malheur, nous ne 
plaignons pas, pendant que 
vous dormez, champs de ble, quand se termine I'ouvrage. 

e of the pronoun le ?^ iVi^ ^^„ j^.j^.^^j^ dis-le-nous, 
the preceding case weakened I fais-le-toi meiUeur, donnez- 
after the verb before pronouns Vi^.^ous, cherchez - le - moi, 
and a few other words, begin- I fi^urez-le-vous. 
7iing with any consonant but \; J 

it is not weakened if not ^ i i i • xr 11 
r ji 11 I ..>! rends -le-lui, oiirez-le-ieur, 

followed by any xvora, or if i ■. . ^ . 1 , 

r n J I 1 • f bois-le crams-le, voyez-le, 

followed by pronouns be^in- \ ^^ ^ 1 ^ ui j- 

^ . -.yi^ J ^T >mettez-le sur la table, dis- 

funo- with 1, or by any other (1 a. / . 1 v 

* 7 ; • . ■j.i'^ % le au maitre, ecrivez-le a sa 

words tes-innins; with a con- \ > 

. ° 7 J mere. 

sonant or vowel. -^ 

e, /;/ a monosyllable unpre-^ 
ceded by a vowel or silent con- 
sonant, and folioxced by a word 
whose Jirst syllable resembles 
tlie monosyllable, is not weak- 
ened in this, but in thefirst 
sydiihk of the word ; 



ce secret, de demi-heure en 
demi-heure, je jetais, le le- 
•vant, me menez-vous bien, 
se seront-ils avisos, tetcnais- 
tul^. 



34t 



it i^ weakened in either, i 






naais ee seei-et, mais ce se- 

,7 jiti L J I 1 cret, si de demi-heure en de- 

tne nionosyUable be prececiea J • / • j j • t_ 

, •^, -7 X < mi-heure, side demi-neure 

by a vowel or silent consO'\ j • u ^ - - l - 

^ . . i en demi-neure,, et je jetai^^ 

' V^et je jetais, dans le levant, 

dans le levant, o\X me menez-vous, o^ me menez-vous^ 

comment s^ seront-ils avises,. comment se seront-ils avises, 

tu te tenais-1^, tu te tenais-1^. 

ce devoir, ee devoir, de ve- 



it is weakened in either, if\ 
the consonant of the jnonosyl- 
lable, unpreccdedby another 
articulated, be not the same 
as that of the succeeding word. 



nir, de venir, je semais, je 
semais, le peloton, le pelo- 
ton, me levez-vous, me le- 
vez-vous, ne seconde pas, 
ne seconde pas, que deman- 
dons-nous, que demandons-nous, se remet-elle, se remet- 
elle, te querellais-tu, te querellais-tu — sans ce devoir, sans 
ce devoir, avant de venir, avant de venir, oiije semais, oii 
je semais, SfC* 



e, in a monosyllable unprc' 
ceded by an articulated conso- 
nant, and between three con- 
sonants in the first syllable of 
the following word beginning 
otherwise than with re, may 
be weakened in the monosylla- 
ble, but not in the succeeding 
word ; 



ce grenier, le premier, ne 
prenait pas, le sevrez-vaus, 
de levraut, que bredouilles- 
tii, te grevais-je, me fredon- 
nez-vous, je greloue, se cre- 
va - 1 - il — tout ce grenier, 
lisons le premier, on ne pre- 
nait pas, quand le sevrez- 
vous, pies de levraut, ^c. 
'fh C^^ representant, or le repre- 




it is weakened m 
but oftener 
word if begi 

fiet, que rebroyez-vous, que rebroyez-vous, me retrace-t- 
il, me retrace-t-il, de retraite en retraite, de retraite en 
retraite, se reprend-elle, se reprend-elle, ne recrache pas, 
ne recrache pas, — Farm^e se recrute, I'armee se recrutc, 
tu te redresses, tu te redresses, en le reclouant, en le re- 
clouant, ainsije replace, ainsije replace, dans ce refrain, 
dans ce refrain. 

e, in a mmosylhble pre- frY f ",«''' .^^""^ *^^ "«"• 
ceded by an articulated con-P^'^ de dess,ner, port de 

sonant, is not weakened. \ "'^'' ""^J^^^ S"^' '^ "^ ""*" 

vconnait, u me connait, car 

je joue, car je suppose, il mord le lievre, il mord le pain. 



343 

sers-le-moi, endors-le-nous, un captif que consale Tesp^- 
nance, ua captif que delivre la mort, Fagresseur ne nie 
pas, Fagresseur ne peut nier, les dues se separew^, le« 
dues se reumasent, Ajax te tuerait, Ajax te defendroiY* — 
car ce secret, pour ce devoir, vers le levant, pars le se- 
cond, au bal de demain, alors que devenons-nous, il ne 
rebute personne, un motif me retenait, Balzac me retrace. 
Fair se fredonne. 

e t* not weakened in a mo- f ^^'^^ <^^ m^chant, foule de 
nos^llabk preceded by a word \ §«"^' T^^ •»*'«'^ J* '^^f- 
emding with a single articu-J sentarais, ils prenne«lf le 
Uted consonant and m eiP*'*!' ^I^ ^h«^ °»e <=«n^»ent 
Jthich remains weak ; ( son lexique i.e vaut neo, il 

^desire que vous restiez, ces 
^tofFes se venient bien, ton luxe te mine — efface ce mot, 
aide-de-camp, sais-tu quel suffrage je voudrais obtenir, 
elle le coud, son systfeme me semble faux, ma cousine ne 
mange pas, la perruque que tu portes, Fanse se rompt, 
la violette te deplait. 



if the preceding word ends 
wiHi ^v€ral articulated con," 
mtiofits, e is either pronoun- 
ctd forcibly at the end of the 
u'oriL and weakiy in the mo- 
nosyllahle^ 



perce ce tonneau, perce le 
tonneau, solde de vingt 
jours, tu ne soldes que lui, 
etrangle-le-nous, Foncle ne 
veut pas, ton sarcasme me 
fait rire,Fenigmete passe, Sa- 
turne ne parait pas, Fhymne 
se chante, le masque que vous portez, remarque ce mot, 
ma bourse se vide, Feclipse ne fut pas visible,^ Facte te 
favorise, au reste je conviens, courbe le dos,^ les golfes se 
distinguew^ des baies, sa reserve me surprend, les alpes 
que nous pass-Ames, libre de soucis, souffire ce mal, les 
negres se revoltew^, les v^pres ne commence/^^ pas, recon- 
naitre le terrain, texte de la loi, sarcle ce champ, un 
muscle que vous liez, un cercle me semble trace, la pour- 
pre de Tyr, son septre se rompt, quel astre te guide, Fam- 
bidextre le fit. 



or weakly at the end of the 
word, and forcibly in the mo- 
noayllable. This manner is' 
more usual than the former* 



perce ce tonneau, perce le 
tonneau, solde de vingt 
jours, tu ne soldes que lui, 
etrangle-le-nous, Foncle ne 



^veut pas, ton sarcasme me 
fait rire, libre de soucis,^ texte de laJoi, sarcle ce champ, 
la pourpre de Tyr, S^c^ 



e 



244 

lorsque le deshonneur, puis- 
e is, in general, pronouncedi que cemagistrat, quoiquejc 
forcibly in the conjunctions 1 plaide, puisque de la tota- 
lorsque, puisque, quoique, J lite on soustrait, lorsque te 
presque,parceque, anrfwea^A saisira la fievre, quoique je 
(i/ in I he following monosylla-iy euille, vous avez presque 
l)le, I le quart, parceque ce de- 

.cret. 

7 71 17 C]^^^ vois or \e le vois, de<5e 

, in several monosyllables i ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^^^j,^ 

together, is weakened .^''/>''^J point, neme louche point, que 
of two, m one or two oj three, \ ^^ j.^.,^^„ j^^ ^^^ ^^ ji^_^,^ 1^^ 

and so on. \^d^ tc ramener, ou de te ra- 

mener, mele signez-vous, me le signez-vous — -je te le donne, 
je te le donne, je te le donne, je te le donne, de ce que nous 
souhaitons, de ce que nous souhaitons, de ce que nous sou- 
haitons, de ce que nous souhaitons, que ne se corrige-t-il, 
que ne se corrige-t-il, que ne se corrige-t-il, que ne se 
corrige-t-il, de je ne sais quoi, de je nesais quoi, dejene 
sais quoi, — que ne me le mandais-tu, que ne me le man- 
dais-tu, que ne me le mandais-tu, que ne me le mandais- 
tu, de ce queje fais, de ce que je fais, de ce queje fais, de 
ce que je fais, de ne se le pas deguiser, de ne se le pas 
deguiser, de ne se le pas deguiser, de ne se le pas degui- 
ser, — queje ne me le procure pas, queje ne me le procure 
pas, queje ne me le procure pas, queje ne me le procure 
pas, que je ne me le procure pas, ce que je ne te laisse 
pas, ce queje ne te laisse pas, ce queje ne te laisse pas, 
— In crois que de ce queje ne te le redemande pas, tu crois 
que de ce que je ne te le redemande pas, tu crois que de 
ce queje ne te le redemande pas. 

PROMISCUOUS EXERCISE, 

Chiefiy upon e simple, 

Mes Reverends Peres, c'est en vain que des rf- 
lii^ieux de Ratisbone ohi'nwent du pape S. Leon 
IX. undecret solennel, par lequel il declara que le 
corps de S. Denis, premier eveque t\e Paris qu'on 
tient communenient etre rareopagite, avait ete 
enleve de I Vance et porte dans Teglise de leur mo- 
nastcre, Et neanmoins les Fran^ais cxurent alors. 



245 

comme on Fa toujoiirs cru dfpuisy le contraire de ce 
quece S. pape leur avait enjoint de croire, sachant 
bien que meme les saints et les praphetes sont sujets 
& etre surpris. Ce fut aussi en vain que vous obtin- 
tes contre Galilee ce decret de Rome qui condam- 
nait son opinion touchant lemouvementde la terre. 
Ce ne sera pas cela qui prouvera qu'elle demeure en 
repos ; Ne vous imaginez pas de meme que les let- 
tres du pape Zacharie pour rexcommunication de 
S. Virgile, sur cequ'il tenait qu'ily avait des anti- 
podes, ment aneanti ce nouveau monde; et qu'en- 
core qu'il eut declare que cette opinion etait une 
erreur bien dangereuse, le roi d'Espagne ne se soil 
pas bien trouve d'en avoir plutot cru Christophe 
Colomb qui en venait, que le jugement de ce pape 
qui n'y avait pas ete. Pascal. — Je lui demandai 
en quoi consistait Pautorite du roi, et il me repon- 
dit : les lois lui consent les peuples comme le plus 
precieux de tons les depots, k condition qu'il sera 
le pere de ses sujets. EUes veulent qu'un seul 
homme serve par sa sagesse et par sa moderation a 
la felicite de tant d'hommes ; et non pas que tant 
d'hommes servew/, par leur misere et par leur ser- 
vitude lache, a flatter I'orgueil et la moUesse d*un 
seul homme. Le roi ne doit rien avoir aud^ssus des 
autres, excepte ce qui est necessaire ou pour le^ 
soulager dans ses penibles fonctions, ou pour im- 
primer aux peuples le respect de celui qui doit sou- 
tenir les lois. D'ailleurs le roi doit etre plus sobre, 
plus ennemi de la mollesse, plus exempt de faste et 
de Aauteur qu'aucun autre. II ne doit point avoir 
plus derichesses et rfeplaislrs, mais plus de sagesse, 
de vertu et de gloire, que le reste des hommes. II 
doit etre au dehors le defenseur de la patrie, en 
commandant les armees ; et au dedans lejuge des 
peuples, pour les rendrebons, sages et heureux. — 
O illustres Cretois S je ne merite point de vous 
commander^ L'oracle qu'on vient de rapporter 
marque bien que la race de Minos cessera de reg ner 
quand un etranger entrera dans cette tie, et y fera 

y3 



246 

regner les lois de ce sage roi : mais il n'est pas dft 
que cet etranger regncra. Je veux croire que je 
suis cet etranger marque par Toracle. J'ai accom- 
pli la prediction ; je sui^ venu dans cetteile; j'ai 
decouvert le vrai serfs des lois, et je souhaite que 
mon explication serve a les faire regner avec I'hora- 
nie que vous choisirez. Pour moi, je prefere ma 
patrie, la pauvre petite ile d'lthaque, aux cent 
villes de Crete, a la gloire et a Populence de ce 
beau royaume. Souflfrez que je suive ce que les 
destins ont marque. Si j'ai combattu dans vos jeux, 
cen'etaitpas dans I'esperance de regner ici ; c'etait 
pour meriter votre estime et votre compassion ; 
c'etait afin que vous me donnassiez les moyens de 
retourner promptement au lieu de ma naissance : 
j'aime mieux obeir a mon pere Ulysse, et consoler 
ma mere Penelope, que de regner sur tous les peu- 
ples de i'univers. O Cretois ! vous voyez le fond 
de mon coeur : il faut que je vous quitte ; mais la 
mort seule pourra finir ma reconnaissance. Oui, 
jusqu'au dernier soupir, Telemaque aimera les 
Cretois, et s'interessera a leur gloire comme a la 
sienne propre. — Idomenee a fait les fautes que 
presque tous les rois font ; mais presque aucun roi 
ne fait pour se corriger ce qu'il vient de faire. Pour 
moi, je ne pouvais me lasser de I'admirer dans les 
moments memes ou il me permettait de le contre- 
dire. Admirez-le aussi, mon cher Telemaque; 
c'est moins pour sa reputation que pour votre uti- 
lite que je vous donne ce conseil. Fene/o?i. — On 
sera surpris que je compte Tetude des langues au 
iiombre des inutilites de I'education : mais on se 
souviendra que je ne parle ici que des etudes du 
premier age ; et, quoi qu'on puisse dire, je ne crois 
pas que jusqu'a I age de douze ou quinze ans nul 
enfant, les prodiges a part, ait jamais vraiment 
appris deux langues. — J'etais alle passer quelques 
jours a la campagne chez une bonne mere de famille 
qui prenait grand soin de ses enfants et de leur edu- 
cation. Un matin que j'etais present aux le9ons de 



247 

l^aine, son gouverneur, qui I'ayait tres bien instruit 
de I'histoire ancienne, repreriant celle d'Alexandre, 
tomba sur le trait connu du med^'cin Philippe qu'on 
a mis en tableau^ et qui surement en valait bien la 
peine. Le gouverneur, homme de merite, fit sur 
rintrepidite d'Alexandre plusieurs reflexions qui ne 
me plurent point, mais que j'evito? de combattre, 
pour ne pas le decrediter dans I'esprit de son eleve. 
A table, on ne manqua pas, selon la methode fran- 
^aise, de faire beaucoup babiller le petit bpn-hom- 
me. La vivacite naturelle a son age, et I'attente 
d'un applaudissement sur, lui ^rent debiter mille 
sottises, tout a travers lesquelles partaie^?/ de temps 
en temps quelques mots heureux qui fah-aieni oub- 
lier le reste. Enfin yint I'histoire du medecin Phi- 
lippe : il la raconta fort nettcment et avec beaucoup 
de grace. Apres I'ordinaire tribut d'eloges qu'exi- 
geait la mere et qu'attendait le fils, on raisonna 
sur ce qu'il avait dit. Le plus grand nombre blama 
la temerite d'Alexandre ; quelques-uns, a I'exem- 
ple du gouverneur, admiro/e;?^ sa fermete, son cou- 
rage : ce qui me fit comprendre qu'aucun de ceux 
qui etaie;?^ presents ne voyait en quoi consist^// la 
veritable beaute de ce trait. Pour moi, leur dis- 
je, il me parait que s'il y a le moindre courage, la 
moindre fermete dans Taction d'Alexandre, elle 
n'est qu'une extravagance. Alors tout le monde se 
reunit, et convint que c'etait une extravagance. 
J'allais repondre et mechauffer, quand une femme 
qui etait a cote de moi, et qui n'avaitpas ouvert la 
bouche, se pencha vers mon oreille, et me dit tout 
bas : tais-toi, Jean-Jacques; ils ne t'entendront pas. 
Je la regards?, je fus frappe, et je me tus. 

Apres le diner, soup^onnant sur plusieurs in- 
dices que mon jeune docteur n'avait rien compris 
du tout a rhistoire qu'il avait si bien racontee, je le 
pris par la main, je fis avec lui un tour de pare, et 
I'ayant questionne tout a mon aise, je irouvai qu'il 
admirait plus que personne le courage si vante 
d'Alexandre : mais savez-vous ou 11 voyait ce cour 



248 

rage ? uniqu^ment dans cdui d'avaler d*un seul 
trait un breuvage de mauvais gout, sans hesiter, 
sans marquer la moindre repugance. Le pauvre 
enfantj a qui Ton avait fait prendre medecine il n'j 
avait pas quinze jours, et qui ne Pavait prise qu' 
avec une peine infinie, en avait encore le deboire a 
la bouche. La mort, Tempoisonneraent, ne pas^ 
saient dans son esprit que pour des sensations des* 
agreables, et il ne concevait pas, pour lui, d'autre 
poison que du sene. Cependant il faut avouer que 
la fermete du Aeros avait fait une grande impressiont 
sur son jeune coeur, et qu'a la premiere medecine 
qu'il faudrait avaler il avait bien resolu d'etre un 
Alexandre. Sans entrer dans des eclaircissements 
qui passo/e/7^ evideinment sa portee, je le confirmflz 
dans ces dispositions louables, etje m'en retouma/ 
riant en inoi-meme de la Aaute sagesse des peres et 
des raaitres qui pease/?/ apprendre I'histoire aux en- 
fan ts. J". J. Rousseau. — II n'y aque nos devoirs qui 
nous coixienty parce que leur pratique ne regardant 
que les choses que nous sommes etroitement obliges 
de faire, elle n'est pas suivie de grands eloges, qui 
est tout ce qui nous excite aux actions louables, et 
qui nous soutient dans nos entreprises. — Telephe a 
de IVsprit, niais dixfois moins, Ae compte fait, qu'il 




pjrojette, dix fois au dela de ce qu il a d esprit 
n'est done jamais dans ce qn'il a de force et d'eten^ 
due: ce raisonnement est juste, II a comme une 
barriere qui le ferme, et qui devrait I'avertir de 
s'arreter en de9a; mais il passe outre, et se jette 
Aors de sa phere : il trouve lui-meme son endroit 
faible, et se montre par cet endroit : il parle de ce 
qu'il ne sait point, ou de ce qu'il sait mal : il entre- 
prend audessus de son pouvoir, il desire au dela de 
sa portee ; il s'egale a tout ce qu'il y a de meilleur 
en tout genre : il a du bon et du louable, qu'il 
ofFusque par I'affectation du grand ou du merveil- 
leux. On voit clairement ce qu'il n'est pas, et il 



249 

faut dcviner ce qu'il est en effet. C'est un homnie 
qui ne se m^sure point, qui nese connait point: son 
caractere est de ne savoir pas se renfenner dans 
celui qui lui est propre, et qui est \e sien. — L'on se 
repent rarcraentde parler pen, tres-souvent de trop 
parler : maxime usee et triviale que tout ie monde 
sait, et que tout le monde ne pratique pas.— Pour- 
quoi me faire froid, et vous plaindre sur ce qui 
m'est echappe sur quelques jeunes gens qui peu- 
ple;?^ les cours ? Etes-vous vicieux, 6 Thrasyle ? 
Je ne le savais pas, et vous me Tapprenez : ce que 
je sais, est que vous n'etes plus jeune.— Je ne mets 
audessus d'un grand politique, que celui qui ne- 
glige de le devenir, et qui se persuade de plus en 
plus que le monde ne merite point qu^on s'en oc- 
cupe. La Brut/ere. — Me voila encore, et je ne puis 
partir que dans Auit jours. L'incertitude du camp 
de Lorraine, pour mener ou pour ne pas mener mon 
fils, fait toute la mienne, et me donne de I'ennui. 
J'en ai beaucoup encore de votre sante : votre voy- 
age de Marseille me trouble; Fair de la petite 
verole, et le bruit des canons^ me donnent une in- 
quietude qui n'est que trop juste. Si je ne vais 
point m'en soulager par etre aupres de vous, vous 
me serez bien plus obligee que si je traversais la 
France. L'etat ou je suis, et ou Je vais etre, est 
dur a soutenir ; et rien ne serait capable de m'ar- 
reter que les raisons que vous savez, et dont nous 
sommes en confidence, mon cher ami et moi» — Je 
comptais recevoir vendredi deux de vos lettres a la 
fois : et comment se peut-il que je n'en aie seule- 
mentpasune? Ah! ma fiUe, de quelque endroit 
que vienne ce retardement, je ne puis vous dire ce 
qu'il nie fait soufFrir. J'ai mal dormi ces deux 
nuits passees. Je vois par la que mon repos est 
entierement attache a la douceur de recevoir de vos 
nouvelles. — Je viens de recevoir vos lettres du jour 
des Cendres: en verite, ma fiile, vous me confondez 
par vos louanges et par vos remerciments ; c'est me 
faire souvenir de ce que je voudrais faire pour vous, 



250 

et j'en soupire, parce que je ne me satisfeis pas 
raoi-meme; et plut a Dieu que vous fussiez si pres- 
see de mes bienfaits, que vous fussiez contraiute de 
vous Jeter dans Tingratitude! Nous avons souvent 
dit que c'est la vraie porte pour en soriiv honnet€- 
ment, quand on ue sait plus ou donner de la tet« : 
raaisje ne suis pas assez heureuse pour vous reduire 
a cette extremite; votre reconnaissance suffit et au 
dela. Que vous etes aimable ! et que vous me 
dites plaisajDraent tout ce qui pent se dir€ la dessus ! 
Madame de SevignL 



READING OF POETRY. 

Poetry is prose or usual words in an nnusual con- 
struct ion (i). 

Poetical lines are called verses* 

French verses are composed of a certain number 
of syllables : from one to twelve. 

Verses often^ eleven or twelve syllables are regu* 
larly divided bt/ a pause called caesura, viz. in the 
verse of ten^ after the fourth ; in that of eleven^ 
after the fifth j and in that of twelve^ after the sixth* 
Verses from one to nine syllables inclusively^ have 
no necessary caesura. 



(1) The easier the construction, the bett<:r poetry may be ; fur 
the greater the difficulty of expression is, the more it repels or 
mangles the thought, and emptiness of ideas is filled up with empty 
sounds. If the syntactical difficulty of poetry were a cause t>f ex- 
cellence, French poetry would be the best ever chanted by human 
lips. But the very reverse is the fact. The muses of Greece, an- 
cient and modern Italy, Germany and England, may soar high ; 
the French muse (musa pedestru)hQ?L\\x.ifieA with a pair of superb 
and proud ears, can but dance with an exquisite gra^e at the music 
of a tintinnahulum appending to her back, 'i'o speak plain : the 
inferiority of our poetry is acknowledged by almost every one. Its 
cause is m the mediocrity of genius of most of our poets to whom- 
the career is left by intellects of more rectitude and higher rate, in 
the language itself, fettered and emaciated by fashionable caprice, 
and lastly in the verse-making-machine ; for there is no where, there 
never was, there will never be a system of versification equal to 
the French in absurdity. 



251 

l^ke name of hemisiicst is given to the two parts 
of a verse divided by the cjesura. 

Rhyme, or sameness of sound at the end of two or 
more verses^ is said to be essential to French poetry{ i). 

Hiatus being never now suffered to result from the 
connexion A) f words m the middle of a verse (except 
in GUI, oui ; he ! oui), final consonants are most 
I generally pronounced before words beginning with 
a vowel or h mute^ unless they be separated by a 
pause longer than the pause necessitated by breath^ 
ing. 

RECKONING OF SYLLABLES. 

ONE SOU^TD. 

3^ e, e, e, i^ y, o, u^ au, eau, ou, eu, ei, an, on, in, 
uDj Si'C. unaccompanied by other sounds^ form, 
eaehy one syllable: des, veineux, empruntais, ac- 
coutumer, thesaurisateur, pharyngostaphjlin, an- 
tiversificateur^ incomprehensibilite, are words of 
one, two, thr^e, four, fve, six, seven, eight sylla^ 
bles. 

e simple medial, preceded by a consonant, is a 
syllable: souvenirj cependant, rejeter, have three 
syllables. 

e simple final, preceded by a consonant before a 
word beginning with a consonant or h aspirated, is 
counted as a syllable : in menace tout, menace 
/fautement, menace is of three syllables ,— Before a 
word beginning with a vowel or h mute, e is elided; 
and, at the end of the verse, stands for nothing, as in 



(I) As if any thin^ could be essential and obligatory in absolute 
arbitrariness I This barbarous goose-like guanquan, our Pennessian 
swans have refined much beyond a goose's coniprehenston. The 
rhyming sound must strike both ears and eyes. Though main and 
demain are good rhymes, mains and demain have nothing of that 
quality through the addition of a silent letter ; so that were the art 
of writing unknown, the intellectual ear of a French poet would ie.e 
the incongruity of those similar and unrhyming sounds. 



25-2 

menace irapuissante, menace habituelle, il nous me- 
nace, wherein menace contains only two syllables. 

es final and ent^ the termination of the third person 
plural of verbs^ when preceded bi/ a consonant be 
fore words beginning with either consonants or 
vowels^ form a syllable ; in menaces impuissantes, 
tu menaces Aautement, ils menacewf tout, ils raena- 
cent horriblement, menaces and menace;?^ are of 
three syllables. — es and ent ending a verse are 
counted as nothings and in this case^ menaces or 
menace/?^ are each but two syllables. 

e, es and ent preceded by a vozcel as in gaiete, 
crierie, annees, Qox\c\v\ent^ avaiew^j loueraie/?^^ are 
silent and no syllable. 

Verses terminated by any letter but e, es or ent 
weak or silent, are called masculine ; those ending 
with e, es, or ent, feminine (i) ; except those ending 
with aient or oient, terminations of the third person 
plural of the Imperfect and Conditional^ which are 
masculine. 

Contrary to the prosaic and colloquial usage treat- 
ed of in the foregoing article^ e, es and ei\i forming 
syllables in verses^ must be forcibly pronounced eu, 
the oftenest short (2). 

1 WO SOUNDS. 

R. aa, ae, ae, a'l, ao, ail, aau, aeu, aai, aou, aan, 
aen, aon, ain, aun — ea, ee, ee, ei, eo, eu, eau, eeu, 
eai, eou, ean, een, eon, ein, eun — oa, oe, oe, oi, oo, 
oii, oau, oeu, oai, oou, oan, oen, oon, oun — ua, ue, 
ue, uo, uu, uau, ueu, uai, uou, uan, uen, uon, uin, 
uun — aua, Sfc. — eua, eue, eue, eui, S^c. — aia, S^c. — 



(1) Another gratuitous difficulty as absurd as any, for masculine 
venses ending with an articulated consonant are, in fact, as much 
feminine as if ending with e, es or ent; and there is no difference 
in the sound of these rhymes : niortely fidele: la mer, amere f ils 
secourent, toujours, 

(2) A stupid practice encumbering the verse with a most parasite 
and nauseous sound at tlie exclusion of thought. 



253 

oua, oue, oue, oui, ouo, ouu^ ouau, oueu, ouai^ 
ouou, ouan, ouen, ouon, ouin, ouun, form in gene* 
ral two ^yllahles^ as in oui ( heard )^ jouissance, 
Zaire, ceans, Noe, jouais, gruau, Laocoon, avoue, 
Leon, suer, georgiques, persuader, Cain, nouure, 
fleau, louange, juin, Booz, poeme, ruait, createur, 
Zoile, Htuus, bleuir, tuons, Saiil, reintegrer, 
Rouen, Cloanthe, Pasiphae, louons, Baour, agree, 
influence, doua, Baal, lueur, cre«/, Joab, joueur, 
reunir, europeen, Pharaon, remnant, Eneide, 
Piritboiis, pays. 

E, oe, one, oui form but one syllable in coefFe, 
boete, poele, luoelle, fouet, fouetter, fcouis, oui 
(yes)^ and their relatives. 

R* oi, oin, m form one syllable i toi, foi, bois, 
loin, soin, joindre, conjointement, lui, bruit, suivre. 

E. Ml form two syllables in pituite, bruine, mine, 
fluide, and their relatives. 

R. in verbs in ier, i and the following sound form 
two syllables throughout the whole verb : denier, 
fier, manier, Her, epier, confier, eonfiant, confie, 
confions, cofifiez, confiais, confix/, confia, confie- 
rent^ confiasse, Sfc. 

R. ia,iai,iau, ianjie-n (pron. ian), iel, io, lu^form 
two syllables-, diamant, niais, raiauler, bestiaux, 
amiante, science, orient, material, kyrielle, violent, 
idiot, proportionner, reliure, Apius, Jansenius. 

E. ia, iai, ian, iel, io, form but one syllable in 
liard, diable, fiacre, familiarite, breviaire, viande, 
ciel, fiel, miel, ministeriel, pioche, babiole, fiole, 
and their relatives. 

N. iai jfcrm either one or two syllables in biais, 
biaiser. 

R. ie nnpreceded by 1 -or r and another consonant^ 
form one syllable in any other case th<in that of verbs 
in ier : pitie, amitie, niece, relief, denier, fier, 
premier, maniere, pierre^ diete, assiette, lievre, 
avant-hier ; and in the Imperfect of the Indicative., 
in the Conditional and Subjunctive : sentiez, senti- 
riez, sentigsiez, envieriez, enviassiez, 

z 



254 

N, ieform either one or two syllables in liier, 
lierre. 

R, ien (pron. iin) form two st/llables in proper 
names^ adjectives or substantives expressing the 
country or profession: Lucien, Galien, Julien, 
italien, prussien, sjrien, athenien, gardieiij come- 
dien, phj'^sicien, grainmairien, acadeniicien, pra- 
ticien, patricien, and in their relatives. 

E. ien form only one syllable in chretien, anti- 
chretien. 

R. ien (pron. iin) form one syllable in verbs, 
possessive pronouns, and generally the words not 
comprised in the preceding rule, tiens, vient, ab- 
stienne, appartiendra, mien, tien, sien, rien, vau- 
rien, bien, combien, chien, maintien, soutien. 

E. lew form tzGo syllables in lien. 

N. ien^rm either one or two syllables in ancien. 

R. ieuform two syllables in adjectives : precieux,-^| 
factieux, radieux, delicieiix, anibitieux. mm 

E. ien form only one syllable in vieux. 

R. ieu form one syllable in substantives, Sfc. dieu, 
lieu, cieux, yeux, milieu, lieutenant, niieux. 

R. iou form two syllables in substantives. Present 
Indicative and Imperative of verbs in ier : Amphion, 
notion, division, mission, pension, attention^ va- 
rions, sacrifions, lions, ailions* 

R, ion form one syllable in the Imperfect Indica" 
five, Conditional, Present and Preterit Subjunctive : 
notions, divisions, missions, pensions, attentions, 
allions, noterions, dirions, varierions, alliassions, 
allassions. 

R. i and another sound preceded by 1 or r and 
another consonant, always form two syllables: trem- 
blions, trerabliez, voudrions, voudriez, grief, ou- 
bliant, crieur, sanglier, Caprier, thjmbrien, bibli- 
otheque, nieurtriere, Gabriel, «trie. 

R. n pronounced with another sound after q and 
g,form one syllable : equateur, quirinal, aiguillon, 
contiguite, alguazil, aquatique. 



255 

THREE, FOUR, and FIVE SOUNDS. 

Hit most usual combinations ofthree^ four or Jive 
sounds form two syllables : faience, aieul, Maia^ 
ba'ionnette, amadouions, naiade, concluiez, pariions^ 
fiiez, plebeien, ayant, Baius^ diiambe, suppleions, 
variiez, sacrifiions, liiez, alliions^ Auiez, bafou- 
ions — moyen, croyance, fuyons, rayiez, pay ions, 
bfasseiions — ployions, broyiez. 

N. The above rules and exceptions have sometimes 
been disregarded (^) : in mine, persuader, sanglier, 
fluxion, ui, ua, ie, ion have been made one si/Uable. 

N. B. The proper pronunciation of french verses 
chiefly depends updn-— giving to a verse the exact 
number of its syllables — sounding eu the e, es and 
^\\i when counted as syllables— joining final conso^ 
nants to next vowels'^pronouncing short one sound 
of diphthongal syllables; and equally the two sounds 
forming two syllables. 

Verses' without necessary ccesura, composed of 

one syllable | pj^in ' 

» f Dn vin 

iwosylL JQu^enserre 

C Chambertin, 
three sjjlL V Ou Madere 

\ Ou le Rhin ; 

- ,, C Eu toi seul brille 

foursyll. I La verity ; 

,. ., C En toi seul petille 

Jivc sylL I Kesprit, la gaiet^. 

;; S Qw'a son gre sur le trone 

SIX sylL I ^^ ^^^^^ frappe les rois ; 

„ C Qu'importe, s'il te couronne 

seven syll. J ^e nectar pur que je bois ? 



(1) As they should always be, if it be admitted that several 
sounds, forming in theoretical reality as many syllables, may form 
less hi practice at the poet's will. 



256 

' ht II ^ Lorsqu'jt la rime il faut ma veine, 
\ Que Bacchus soit mon Apollon, 
,, J Mes tonneaux le Pinde et T Helicon, 
•^ * \ Un broc ma lyre, et toi, THippocr^ne ! 

Verses with a regular caesura^ eomposed of 

ten sylL r Un astrologue un jour se laissa choir 

ivith the \ Au fond d'un puits. On lui dit : pauvre bete, 

caesura J Tandis qu*k peine a tes pieds tu peux voir, 

after the J Penses-tu lire au-dessus de ta tete ? 

fourth \^ ^ La Fontaine. 

Pourvois-toi de tout,, puis b&tis ton moulin ; 
Fais provision d*un vaste tas de grain ; 
Que dessous la meule il coule en abondance— 
Mais qui soufflera. .du vent ? la Providence. 
A la terre un jour le juste ciel cria : 
Aide-toi sans cesse et le ciel t'aidera. 

Rien n'est beau que le vrai : le vrai seul est 

aimable ; 
II doit regner partout, et mfeme dans la fable : 
De toute fiction Tadroite fausset6 
Ne tend qu'-k faire aux yeux briller la verite. 

Boileati. 



eleven syll, 
with the 
ccesura 
after the 

twelve syll 
with the 
ccesura 
after the 
sixth 



L'aurore 
Qui dore 
Le. front 
Du mont, 
Peut-^tre 
Fait naitre 
Un jour 
Qu' Amour 
Pen tendre 
Va rendre 
Heureux : 
Je veux, 
Themire, 
Vous dire 
Ce soir : 
Bonsoir, 



Jupiter 
Sur la mer 
En furie 
De la vie 
Met les gens. 
Tons les vents 
Se chamaillew^, 
Vous tiraillew^ 
Et travailleiiif. 
II fait nuit ; 
L'eclair luit. 
Puis quel bruit ! 
Comme on danse 
En cadence! 
En un mot, 
Le canot 
Fait capot. . 



On enrage, 
Mais on nage; 
Et toujours. 
Sans secours, 
Sur la rive 
On arrive 
A bon port, 
0\X Ton dort* 



LeDieu des airs 
Va reparaitre, 
Et rUnivers 
Semble renaitre. 
Je monter«4 
Sur cette roche i 



^™R 



257 



J'admirerai 
Souvent Tapproche 
Et I'appareil 
De ce soleil 
Que je contemple 
Dans ce grand temple 
Voute du ciel, 
Dont TEternel 
Est Tarchitecte, 
Oii tout mortel 
N'est qu'un insecte. 

Berenger, 

Abrege ta course, 
Amant de Thetis ; 
Soleil, amortis 
Tes feux dans leur source, 
Kexces des chaleurs 
A brule nos plaines, 
A seche nos fleurs, 
Tari nos fontaines. 
L'aurore est sans pleurs, 
Zephyr sans haleine, 
Flore sans couleurs. 
La seule Pomone, 
Sous ce frais berceau, 
Rit et se couronne 
De pampre nouveau. 

G. Bernard. 

Sa voix redoutable 
Trouble les eufers : 
Un bruit formidable 
Gronde dans les airs : 
Un voile efFroyable 
Couvre Funivers. 
La terre tremblante 
Fremit de terreur : 
L'onde turbulente 
Mugit de fureur : 
La lune sanglante 
Recule d'horreur, 

J, B, Rousseau. 



Socage que TAurore 
Embellit de ses pleurs ; 
Gazon naissant que Flore 
Pare de mille fleurs ; 
Oiseaux, tendres Zephyr^ 
Qui charmez mes loisirs ; 
Voudrez-vous bien me dire 
D'oii naissent mes souplrs ? 

Toi qui d'une onde pure 
Baignes cesbordscharmans, 
Ruisseau, ton douxmurmure 
Ne calme plus mes sens. 
H^las ! j'aime sans doute : 
Oui j'aime, je le sens ; 
C'est Tamour qui me co6te ^ 
Les pleurs que je repands. 

As lie solitaire, 
Je viendrai, chaque jour, 
Te chanter ma bergere, 
Mes desirs, mon amour : 
Mais si d'une voix tendre 
Je ne te dis son nom, 
C'est de peur de Fapprendre 
Aux bergers du vallon. 

* * * 



J'aivu mestristesjournees 
Decliner vers leur penchant ; 
Au midi de mes annees 
Je touchais a mon couchant. 
La mort, deployant ses ailes, 
Couvraitd'ombres eternelles 
La clarte dont je jouis; 
Et, dans cette nuit funeste, 
Je cherchais en vain le reste 
De mes Jours evanouis. 



z3 






258 

Grand Dieii, votre main reclame 
Les dons que j'en ai re9us: 
EUe vient couper la trame -^ 
Des jours quelle m'a tissus> 
Mon dernier soleil se leve^ 
Et votre soufle m'enl^ve 
De la terre des vivants ; 
Comme la feuille secbee^ 
Qui de sa tige arraehee 
Devient le jouet des vents. 

Comme un tigre impitoyables^ 
Le mal a bris6 mes os ; 
Et sa rage insatiable 
Ne me laisse aucuu repos. 
Victime faible et tremblante^ 
A cette image sanglante 
Je soupire nuit et jour; 
Et, dans ma crainte mortelle^ 
Je suis comme riiirondelle 
Sous les grifFes du vautour. 

Ainsi, de cris et d'alarmes 
Mon mal semblait se nourrir ; 
Et mes yeux, noyes de larmes^ 
Rtaient lasses de s'ouvrir. 
Je disais ^ la nuit sombre : 
O nuit, tu vas dans ton ombre 
M'ensevelir pour to uj ours 1 
Je redisais k Taurore : 
Le jour que tu fais Colore 
Est le dernier de mes jours I-^—./. JB. Rousseait, 

Fortune, dont la main couronn^ 
Les forfaits les plus inouis, 
Du faux eclat qui t'environne 
Serons-nous toujours eblouis ? 
Jusques k quand, trompeuse idole, 
D'un culte Aonteux et frivole 
Honorerons-nous tes autels ? 
Verra-t-on toujours tes caprices 
Consacres par les sacrifices 
Et par rhommage des mortelis ? 




259 

Le peiiple, dans ton moindre ouvrage 
Adorant la prosper! te,, 
Te nomme grandeur de courage, 
Valeur, prudence, fermete. 
Du titre de verta supreme 
II depouillc la vertu meme 
Pour le vice que tu cheris, 
Et toujours ses fausses maximes 
Erigcwf en Aeros sublimes 
Tes plus coupables favoris. 

Mais de quelque superbe litre 
Dont ces /teros soient revetus, 
Prenons la raison pour arbitre 
Et cherchons en eux leurs vertus. 
Je n'y trouve qu'extravagance, 
Eaiblesse, injustice, arrogance, 
Trahisons, fureurs, cru antes. 
Etrange vertu qui se forme 
Souvent de Fassemblage ^norme 
Des vices les plus detest6s I 

Apprends que la seule sagesi^e 
Pent faire 1^6 heros parfaits ; 
Qu'elle voit toute la bassesse 
De ceux que ta faveur a fails ; 
Qu elle n'adopte point la gloire 
Qui nail d'une injusle victoire 
Que le sort remporte pour eux ; 
Et que, devant ses yeux stoiques, 
Leurs vertus les plus heroiques 
Ne sont que des crimes heureux. 

Montrez-nous, guerriers magnanimes. 
Voire vertu dans tout son jour ; 
Voyons comment vos coeurs sublimes 
Du sort soutiendront le retour. 
Tant que sa faveur vous seconde, 
Vous ^les les maitres du monde, 
Votre gloire nous eblouit ; 
Mais, au moindre revers funefste, 
Le masque tombe, Thomme resle, 
Et le Mros s'evanouit. — J. B, Rousseau. 



260 

Je te perds fugitive esperance ; 
L'infidelle a rompu tous nos noeuds : 
Pour calmer, s'il se peut, nia souffrance, 
Oublions que je fus trop heureux. 

Qu' ai-je dit? Non, jamais de mes chaines 
Nul espoir ne pourra m*aftranchir : 
Ah ! plutot, au milieu de mes peines, 
Conservons ua si doux souvenir. — Hoffman. 

Que j'aimais a danser sur Therbette 
Aux beaux jours oii brillait mon printemps! 
Que j'aimais a cueillir la fleurette 
Dans Fete si joyeux de mes ans ! 
Mais a la fin de ma vaine autornne 
Pour moi Vertumne arriva sans fruit ; 
De ses frimats Fhiver me couronne, 
Et la mort au tombeau me poursuit. 

Un magister, s'empressant d'etouft'er 
Quelque rumeur parmi la populace, 
D'un coup dans Toeil se fit apostropher, 
Dont il tomba, faisant laide grimace. 
Lors un frater s'ecria : place ! place ! 
J*ai pour ce mal un baume souverain. 
Perdrai-je Toeil, lui dit messer Pancrace ? 
Non, mon ami, je le tiens dans ma main. 

J, B, Rousseau. 

Quand, pour ravoir son epouse Eurydice, >§ 
Le bon Orphee alia jusqu' aux enfers, 
L'etonnement d'un si rare caprice 
En fit cesser tous les tourmenls divers. 
On admira, bien plus que ses concerts, 
D'un tel amour la bizarre saillie ; 
Et Pluton meme, embarrasse du choix, ^ 

La lui rendit.pour prix de sa folie. 
Puis la retint en faveur de sa voix. if 

J, B, Rousseau, 

Est-on Aeros pour avoir mis aux chaines 
Tin peuple ou deux ? Tib^re eut cet honneur. 
Est-on heros en signalant ses haines 
Par la vengeance ? Octave eut ce bonheur. 



f 



J- 



261 

Est- on heros en regnant par la peur ? 
Sejan fit tout trembler, jusqu'k son maitre. 
Mais de son ire ^teindre le salp^tre, 
Savoir se vaincre, et reprimer les flots 
De son orgueil, c'est ce que j'appelle ^tre 
Grand par soi-m^me ; et voil4 mon A^ros. 

J, J8. Rousseau* 



Ce monde-ei n*^est qu*une ceuvre eomique 
OiH chacun fait ses r61es difFerents, 
lA, sur la scene, en habit dramatique, 
Brillewf prelats, ministres, conquerants. 
Pour nous, vil peuple» assis aux derniers ran^s. 
Troupe futile, et des grands rebut^e> 
Par nous d'en bas la piece est 6coutee. 
Mais nous payons, utiles spectateurs ; 
Et quand la farce est mal representee. 
Pour notre argent nous sifflons les acteurs, 

J. B, Rousseau. 



Quand du Aaut des cieux, oil la grandeur reside. 
La lune k longs flots repand son doux fluide, 
Chaque objet voil^ d'une obscure lueiir 
Prend, quitte et reprend un air sombre et trompeur 
Qui, peignant toujours un monstre imaginaire,. 
Glace de terreur le credule vulgaire. 
Telle, sur le globe encore k son berceau 
li'aveugle ignorance ^tendant un rideau, 
Dans tous les esprits engendrait Timposture. 
Les etres divers, enfants de la nature, 
Meconnus de Thomme epouvantaiew/ ses yeux. 
II leur crut une ame ; il en forma ses dieux ;: 
En des temples saints adora ces chimeres,. 
Et sur leurs autels il egorgea ses freres. 
La science enfin apportant la clarte 
Fit voir et cherir la simple verite, 
Principe eternel qui gouverne le monde. 
S'olan^ant alors de sa bassesse immonde, 
L'homme sur la terre agit en potentat; 
Et des dieux oignons, feu, serpent, boeuf et chat, 
L'esprit aftranehi dedaigna les mensonges, 
Ainsi qu'au r^veil on rit d'absurdes songes. 



26a 

Au milieu clesclartes d'un feu pur et durable 
Dieu mit avant les temps son trone inebranlable. 
Le ciel est sous ses pieds ; de mille astres divers 
Le cours toujours regie rannonce a Tunivers. 
La puissance, Tamour, avec rintelligence, 
Unis et divises, composew^ son essence. 
Ses saints, dans les douceurs d'une eternelle paix^ 
D'un torrent de plaisirs enivres a jamais, 
Pen^tr^s de sa gloire et remplis de lui-meme, 
Adorent k Fenvi samajeste supreme. 
Devant lui sont ces Dieux, ces brulants S^raphins, 
A qui de Tunivers il commet les destins. 
11 parle, et de la terre ils A^ont changer la face ; 
Des puissances du siecle ils retranchewf la race, 
Tandis que les humains, vils jouets de Terreur, 
Des conseils eternels accusciiit la /iaute«r.^Fd(^a2/*e, 

Mais quoi ! toujours la Aonte en esclaves nous lie I 
Oui, c*est toi qui nous perds, ridicule folic : 
C'est toi qui fis tomber le premier malheureux,^ 
Le jour que, d'un faux bien sottement amoureux, 
Et n'osant soup^onner sa femme d'imposture, 
Au demon, par pudeur, il venditla nature. 
Helas ! avant ce jour qui perdit ses neveux, 
Tous les plaisirs ct)uro^ew^ au-devant de ses voeux. 
La faim aux animaux ne faisait point la guerre : 
Le ble, pour se donner, sans peine ouvrant la terre, 
N'attendait pas qu'un bceuf press6 de Taiguillon 
Traf'At k pas tardifs un penible sillon : 
La vigne ofFrait par-tout des grappes toujours pleines, 
Et des ruisseaux de lait serpen taie/^f dans les plaines. 
Mais des ce jour Adam, dechu de son etat, 
D'un tribut de douleurs paya son attentat. 
II fallut qu au travail son corps rendu docile 
Forcat la terre avare a devenir fertile. 
Le chardon importun /lerissa les guerets ; 
Le serpent venimeux rarapa dans les forets ; 
La canicule en feu desola les campagnes ; 
L'aquilon en fureur gronda sur les montagnes. 
Alors, pour se couvrir durant I'^pre saison, 
Il fallut aux brebis derober leur toison. 
La peste, en meme temps, la guerre et la famine, 
Des malheureux humains jurerew/ la ruine. Boileau. 



263 

Me voild done au bout de mon ouvrage ! 

Non, pas tout-a-fait: il me reste une page. 
Tachoiis de la remplir de quelques joiis vers, 
Bien cadences, et de metre divers. 

Oil par pelotons les syllabes agiles 
En^corps d'onze, dix, douze, arrivewf sur trois files; 
On commande la rime et serve la raison. 

Mais qui celebrer sur ce fantasque ton ? 
Le froid Janvier et les maux qu il entraine ; 
La superbe Thamise expirant dans sa chaine; 
Les oiseaux engourdis et les chevaux, tombants; 
Le porter et le the, sans poison, excellents ; 
La Liberte Fran9aise aux assassins en proie; 
Les Jesaites damnes que Tenfer nous renvoie 
L'an vingt, plus mil, plus cent par huit multiplie ! 
Enfin celebrons moi du lourd joug delie 
Que le besoin grognard, a la jambe caduquc. 

Pendant deux longs ans m'imposa sur la nuque : 
Depuis FA jusqu'au Z j'ai traite tons les mots. 

Du noble D empruntons les treteaux, 

Et, charlatan fiefFe, mais de fiefs fort-peu riche, 

Aux bons John Bulls crions comme une aifiche : 
Mesdames et Messieurs, en Albion passe, 
De I'elegant gaulois j'enseigne FA B C. 

Pour peu, sous peu, vous saurez tout, nul doule; 
C'est le commencement qui d'abord seul vous cofite. 



•^^^^^^ .^^^^ 



ALPHABETICAL LIST 

OF THE 

EXCEPTIONS CONTAINED IN THE SECOND PART, 

INTENDED FOR REFERENCES AND READING, BEING AN IMPORTANT 

PROlMISCUOUS EXERCISE. 

N. B. In the explanations p. is for pronounced; ra. mute; sal. silival; unsal. 
unsalival; double consonants are both pronounced or silent ; the first 
number indicates the page; the second the article wherein the exception 
is found. 



Abas 

Abbatial 

Abbaye 
Abe, abed 
Abdomen 
Ab^u^vis 
Aberration 



A, 

i bb/?.,t//.sl(i5.2» 

aye;>. (t\ 162.10 
p, ab^c6-d6 
en/?, kie 176.18 

s/?. 213. 7 
rr/?.2l0.4 



Abhocetabbac,t;?. 328.^3 



Abhorrer v. 

Ablaqu^ation 

Aboinasus 

Abraxas 

Abrahain 

Accences 

Accessible 
Accessit 



rr/>.210.4 . 

XX p 228.3 

s/>. 213. 7 

s.^. 213. 7 

ani/?.ame. 160. 2 
S en/?, in, an, 176. 
X 20 

ss/?. 216.19 

t /?. 220. 2 



Accourrai, accourrois rr />. 2 1 0. 5 



Accroc 
Ac cue i I 
Accueillir, v, 

Acheron 

Achllle 

Acbill^e 

Achit 

Acbores 

Aeinac^s 

Aconit 

Acquiers 



} 



Q m, 166. 4 



Jue^, eu 178. ^8 

i ch p. ch or k. 

) 169. 9 
\unsal. 195. 4 
U. p, U77sal, 

tp, 220. 2 

cb/?.k. 167. 9 

s/>. 213. 8 

t p. 220. 2 

r p. 209. 3 

Acquerrai, acqnerrais rr/). 210. 5 

Acratie t/).s. 222. 9 

Acroebirisme > . u ^ i, i /"- o 
A u 1 I en J?. K. 10^. 9 
AtTochordon i ^ 



Actiaqne 
Actiatique 
Acupuncture 
Addition 
Additionnel 
AdditionneTt;. 
Adducteur 
Ad^quat 
Ad bono res 
Admissible 
Adonis 
Ad patres 
iEgil(^s 
iElurus 
A^tien 
Afflux 



^ t /?. s. 222. 9 
unp, on 230. 12 

>ddp. 170 

u p. atu 228. 6 
sp, 213 7 
ss/?. 216. 19 



>sp, 21 



3.7 



tp.s 222. 9 
X 771. 233. 7 



Affoiblirv. > . s .o. . 

Affoiblissement j^'/'-^^yi-i 



Ag^alactie 

Agasillis 

Agatis 

Ag^en 

Agenda 

Aonacat 

Agnanthus 

A gnat 

Agnathes 

Agnation 

Agnatique 

Agn^s 

Agnoites 

Agno^tes 

Agnus 

Agnus-castus 

Agrosiis 

Aigoc<^ros 



t p. s 222. 9 
( Up. unsal, s.p, 
( 237 

s./?. 213. 7 

|en/>. in 176. 17 

g, n/?. 181. 3 

g, n, s /?• 236 

►g, n/). 181. 3 



s p. 213. 7 

g,n/?.18l. 3 

s p, 213. 7 

g, n, 6, s /?. 238 



|s/?. 213.7 



265 



> 



J 



Aigu, lie, ue 

Aigui^re 

Aigui^r^e 

Aiguille 

Aiguill^e 

Aiguiller v. 

Aiguill^tage 

Aiguill^ter v, 

Aiguill^tier 

Aiguillette 

Aiguillier 

Aiguillon 

Aiguilloimer v 

Aiguisement 

Ains 

Ais 

Aix 

Albornos 

Ald^barara 

Alfos, alphos 

Alguazil 

Alimus 

Aliquante 

Alkerm^s 

AUantoide 

All^gorie 

Allegorique 

AU^goriquement 

AUego riser v. 

Allegro 

Alleluia 

Alliteration 

Allobroge 

Allocution 

Allodial 

Allodialit^ 

AUoiiyme 

Almanach 

Alods 

Alsace 

Alsacieii 

Amadis 

Amaryllis 

Ambesas 



aijt?.ei61.3 



ai^. ej ujo. 229. 
10 



^sjo. 213.7 

xf>. sorks234, 10 
s /?. S13. 7 
am/7. ame 
s p, 213 7 
wp. ou 229. 11 
sp,^2l3. 7 
u p, ou 228. 6 
5p. 213. 7 



;>11/?. 196. 8 



^ 



^ 



Ambitieusement } 



ch m. 169. 12 
s^. 213.7 

^s;?.^ 212. 2 

s/?. 213. 7. 
11, s p. 237 
s^. 213. 7 



Ambitieux 

Amen 

Am^norrh^e 

Anier 

Amict 

Amman 

Amm<)Hia.c 

Ammonite 



t;?-s222. 9 



en p. ^ne I76. 18 
TV p. 211. 5 
r p, 209. 3 
ct »i. 167. 8 



} 



m m p, 199. 4 



{; 



am, am ;>. ame 

60.2 
p m. 208. 1 
chjt?. k 167.9 
sp, 213.7 
tp. s222. 9 
rrp, 

Sjo. s 213. 5 
s/?. 213.7 
Wp.unsaL 195.6 
aye/?, ai-e 162. 9 
sjo. 213. 7 
oijo. h 191. 1 



Amsterdam 

Anabaptistes 

Anachorete 

Anagyris 

Anap^tie 

Anarrhopie 

Anasarque 

Anchilops 

Ancillaire 

Andaye 

Angelas 

Anglois 

Annaire 

Annal 

Annate 

Annexe 

Annexer v. 

Annexion 

Annibilation 

Annihiler v. 

Anniversaire 

Annoise 

Annotation 

Annuaire 

Aimuel 

Annuellement 

Annuity 

Annulaire 

Annuler v. 

Antar^s s/>. 213. 7 

Ant^cbrist st w. ^22. 7 

Anti cceur c ^. k 1 65 . 2 

Antinoiis s p, 

Antipestilentiel tp, s 222. 9 

Antisalle s/>. s 213. 5 

AntisiphilbtiqueJ ^fo r 

Anus s^. 213. 7 

Aoriste aw. 163.14 

Ao^jit p, aou or ou 163,17 



>.nn p. 200. 2 



Ao^iteron 

Apbille 

Apis 

Apodioxis 

ApoUinaire 

Apollon 

Aporrh^es 

Apositie 

Apparoitre v. 

Appellatif 

Appellation 

Appendice 

Appendicule 

A 



p. ou 163. 17 
11 p, imsal, 

\&p, 213. 7 

|lljt7. 196. 8 

rr/7. 

t/?. s 222. 9 

o\p, 6 191. 1 

|ll/?. 196. 8 
Sen jo. in 176. 17 



266 



>chp. kl67. 9 



Apt t p, 220. 2 

Aquarelle ~\ 

Aquatile Su p. ou 228. 6 

Aqtiatique 3 

Aquila-alba u/?. 228. 3 

Arc-boutant K-^igg 4 
Arc-bouter t;. Jc'^l^t).4 

Arehaeo^raphe 

Archaeographie 

Archaeologie 

Archaeologue 

Archaisme 

Ar change 

Archang^lique 

Archetype 

Archi^piscopal 

Archiepiscopat 

Archontat 

Archonte 

Arcturus 

Argus 

Argille 

Argutie 

Aristocratic 

Aristod^mocratie 

Armillaire 

Annillcs 

Arsenic 

Artien 



} 



s;?.213. 7 
1 unsaU 195. 4 

St p. s 222. 9^ 

unsaU 195. 



\\\p. 

/6.4 
c m, 166. 4 
t ^, s 222. 9 

{s m. arid p, 214. 
7.8 

s^. 213. 7 
ch /?. k 167. 9 
ct m. 167. 8 
sp. 213. 7 

|ss;?. 216.19 

e m, 178. 31 

J ss p. 216. 19 

/>thM. 222. 8 

Js/?. s 213. 5 

11;?. 197. 8 
|s/>. 213. 7 

Mt/;. 223.12 

2^. 6chel69. 11 
Auch^nopt^res ch p. k 167. 9 
Aulx Ix w. 233. 8 



As 

Ascl^pias 

Asiarchat 

Aspect 

Asperg^s 

Assation 

Assentiment 

Asseoir v, 

Asservir v. 

Assonance 

Atthmatique 

Asthme 

Asym^trie 

Asynoptote 

Asyndeton 

Atellanes 

Atlas 

Atropos 

Atticisme 

Attique 

Auch 



Auster 

Autorane 

Auxerre 

Auxerrois 

Auxois 

Auxonne 

Auxquels 

Avoine 

Avril 
Axillaire 
Ay (a town) 
Aye [a cry) 
Ayeul 
Azimut 



Babil 

Baccharis 

Bacchus 

Balanus 

Balbutiement 

Balbuticr v, 

Balsamier 

Balsamine 

Balsamique 

Balsamite 

Bantiale 

Bapt^me 

Baptiser v. 

Baptistaire 

Baptist^re 

Baril 

Basbord 

Basbordois 



r p. 209. 3 
m w. J 98. 2 



►x/i.s 232. 2 

X m 232. 5 
S oip. oaor^ 191. 

I saU 194. 2 

II ^.wwi«/. 195.6 
p. ail 62. 7 

p. ai-e 162. 9 
ay p. ai 162. i 1 
t p, 220. 2 



B. 

1 m. sal.^ unsaL 
194. 2 



213.7 



. s 222. 9 




1 m. 193. 2 
s m, 212. 4 
s w. ois;>. ^ 257 
Batrachomyo- > j^^ j^^ ^^ 
niachie 5 

ch. jp. k, s/>. 236 
tt/>. 223. 13 



Batrachuis 

Battologie 

Bayeux 

Bayonne 

Bayonnette 

Beaucoup 

Bec-d^^ne 

Bec-jaune 

Bellig^rant 

Belliqueux 

Bellonaires 

Belv^der 

Benjoin 



} 

r/>. 209. 3 
Gnp. in 176. 17 



ay/?, ai l62. 11 

p. m, 208. 1 
c w. 166* 4 



p. 19r. 8 



267 



B^otie 

B^otien 

Bethl^em 

Baie 

Bibus 

Biceps 

Bien-aim6 

Bien-aise 

Bien-^tre 

Bieufaisaut 



|t;7.s 222.9 

em/>.eme 175.11 
tp.s 222. 9 

|sp.213-7 

>p. bi^-n 

}ai p. ^ and eu 
161. 5 
Bienheureux p. bieneu 173. 6 

Bil, bill {\lf '/'"'"• 

Bipinnatifide j 

Bi quadrat ique u p, ou 228. 6 

Biquintile u p. 228. 3 

gjg ' rs7W. »r|>. 214. 7. 

ay p. a'i 162. 11 
tp. 2550. 2 
aye p. ai-e 162. 9 
ay p. a'i 162. 11 

isp. s213. 5 

en p. in ; rp. 237 
aye p. ai-e 1 62. 9 
d m. 170. 1 
en/>. in 176. 17 

is;?. 213.7 

fp. or m. 179. 3 
f m, 179. 3 

(p. ^> ^ or a 179. 

C32 

|s/). 213. 7 



Bisayeul 
J3iscapit 
Biscaye 
Biscayen 
Bisexe 
Bisulque 
Bi venter 
Blaye 
Bled 
Blende 

Bl^pharoptosis 
Blocus 
Boeuf 
Boeufs 
Boh^me 
Boh^mien 
^'Bohemillon 
Bolus 
Bootes 



Bot 

Botrys 
Bourbonnois 



{s 



m. orp.220. 2. 



s p, 213. T 
oi/?. e 191. 1 

S g P g"j k or m, 

\ 182. 8. 

183. 10 



Bourg 

Bourg-^pine 

Brarh^lytres 

Brachial 

Bracbiopodes f ch p. k I67, 

Bi achypn^e i 9 

Brachypt^res 1 

Brachystochrone -^ 

Brayer J ay p. ^i, ai 162. 



gP' 



^^ 



Brayette 

De brie et de 

Bris 

Brisis 

Brissus 

Broc 

Brut 

Brutien 

Bruxelles 

Buccellaire 

Buccellation 

Buguyere 

Bureaucratic 

But 
Byssus 



ay/7. a'i 162. 11 
broc, c p, 170. 13 

Ssp. 213.7 

c m. 166. 4 
t p. 220. 2 
tp. s222. 9 
X p. s 232. 2 

1 11 p. 197. 8 

up. 229. 10 

tp. S222.9 
^ t nuorp. 220. 2. 

s p. 213. 7 



Cacbectique 

Cachexie 

Cacocholie 

Caen 

Caid 

Calamus 

Calen 

Calleux 

Calligrapbe 

Calligraphie 

Calliope 

Callipyge 

Callitricbe 

Callosity 

Calus 

Calville 

Calvitie 

Campanille 

Cancellation 

Canceller v. 

Cancer 

Cantbus 

Cap^tien 

Capillac^ 

Capillaire 

Capillament 

Capillarity 

Captieusement 

Captieux 

Carch^sion 

Carmentes 



5 



cb p. k 167. 9 

p. kan 163. 13 
dp. 170. 2 
sp. 213. 7 
en p. in 1?6. 17 



>11|>. 197. 8 



sp. 213. 7 
1 unsal, 195. 4 
tp. s 222. 9 

I unsaL 195. 4 

|llp. 197. 8 

r p. 209. 3 
sp, 214. 7 
t p. s 222. 9 

II p. unsal, 195. 
'6 

\tp. s 222.9 

chp. k 167. 9 
en p. in 176. 17 
sp. 214.7 



Cams 

Caryophyllo'ide U>. 197. 8 
Casoar s p. s 213. 5 

Catabaptistes p. 7n, 208. 1 



268 



Cath^er r p, 209. 3 

|s;?. 214. 7 
Wp.unsal. 195.6 



Caucalis 

Causus 

Cavillation 

Cayenne 

Cayeu 

Cens 



ay/?, ai 162.11 



^um p. ome 230. 

ue p, eu 231. 16 

fp. or w. 179 • 2 
f w. 179. 1 
enp.^ne 176.18 



^ch/?.kl67. 9 



sm. or p. 214. 7. 

Centumvir 

Centumviral 

Centumvirat 

Cercueil 

Cer^s 

Cerf, cerfs 

Gerf-volant 

Cerumen 

Chalasie 

Chalastique 

Chalaza 

Chalazia 

Chalazophylaces 

Chalc^es 

Chalcies 

Chalcide 

Chalcidique 

Chalcioecies 

Chalcite 

Chalcographe 

Chalcographie. 

Chal copy rite 

Chaldaique 

Chald^en 

Chan 

Cbamaec^rasus chp. k, s p, 236 

Cham^cisse ch p. k 168. 9 

Cham^drys ^ ch p* k, s p, 236 

Cham^leuc^e 

Cham^syce 

Chaomancie 

Chaos 

Chargeure 

Charisies "^ 

Charisticaire f 

Charisties ^ch />. k 168. 9 

Chartophylax j 

Chef-d'oeuvre i m. 179. 1 

Ch6iroptere 

Ch^lidoine 

Ch^lon^e >ch />. k 168. 9 

Ch^loniens 

Ch^ionite 



chp. kl68. 9 
geu/?, ju 178. 30 



Chenil 

Chersonese 

Chersydre 

Ch^todon 

Chiliade 

Chiliarque 

Chiliastes 

Chiliogone 

Chiliombe 

Chinorrodon 

Chionanthe 

Chiragre 

Chirographaire 

Chirologie 

Chiromancie 

Ghiromancien 

Chironomie 

Chironomiste 

Chironomonte 

Chirotonie 

Choeur 

Cholagogue 

Chol^dographie 

Choledologie 

Chol^doque 

Chondrille 

Chondrographie 

Chondrologie 

Choudropt?rygien 

Chondrotomie 

Chora'ique 

Choraule 

Chordapse 

Choree 

Ciorege 

Chori^graphe 

Choregraphie 

Chore ion 

Choreveque 

Chorianibe 

Chorion 

Chorique 

Choriste 

Chorobate 

Chorodidascale 

Chorodie 

Chorographie 

Chorograpbique 

Choroide 

Chorus 

Chraient^ 



1 m. 193. 2 



ch p. k 168. 9 



chp. k;rrp,337 



f^ 



ch/?.kl68. 



Christ 



ch p. k, 8 p, 236 
en p. ^ne 177. 23 

{St p, or w. 222. 
6. 7 



269 



Chus 
Chut 
Ciccus 



{ 



sm,orp, 214. 7. 



8 



m, orp, 220. 



Cicogne 



Cicogaeau 

Cinq 

Circonspect 



ft, 
\2. 3 

- sp. 214. 7 

lc/>. k, g 165. 1 

q w. or/?. 208.2 
ct m, 167. 8 
Circumincession, u p. o 228. 1 
Cirrhifere rrp. 211. 5 

c p*k, g 165. 1 
f m. 179. 1 
c nt, 166. 4 

en p. an 177. 24 

u p. o, ou, u 

228. 2 

X /?. s 233. 6 

>1 unsal, 195.6.4 

en p. an 177. 24 
cp. k 165. 2 



Claude 

Clef 

Clerc 

Client 

Clientele 

Club 

Clubiste 

Coccyx 

Codicillaire 

Codicille 

Coefficient 

Cceur 

Cognat 

Cognation 



1813 



5 sp. 21 

:e / 

V. Ml p. 197. 

>ll »;u/?. 



ou237 



Cognatique _ 

Colera-morbus s p, 214. 7 

Collaborateur 

Collation nage 

Collationner 

Collection 

Collimation 

Colliquatif 

CoUiquation 

Collision 

Collocation 

Colloque 

CoUoquer v» 

CoUuder v. 

Collusion 

CoUusoire 

CoUusoirement 

CoUybistique 

Col umb aire 

Columella 

Comitial 

Commiss^ration mm p. 199. 4 

Comparoitre v. oi p, e 191. 1 

Compendium |^" P* ^"' ""''' P' 
^ l^ome 



A\ p, 197. 8 



ump. on 230. 12 
11 p, 197. 8 
tp.s 222.9 



>p w 208 1 



tp, 220. 2 



chp. kl68. 
9 



Comptable 

Compter r. 

Compteur 

Comptoir 

Comput 

Concept 

Conchites 

Conchylif^re 

Conchyliolde 

Conchyliologie 

Conchyliologiste 

Conchy liotypolitbe ■ 

ConcourraijCon- -v 

courrois I 

Concurremment /rrp* 210. 5. 4 

Concurrence i 

Concurrent 

Condamnable "^ 

Condamnation f ^„ wjq <s 
^ J >m 771, i9o. X 

Condamner ^- i 

Condamnatoire j 

Confarr^ation rr /?. 210. 4 

Confidentiaire t ;t>. s 222. 9 

Conjungo un p, on 230.12 

Connoissable 

Connoissance 

Connoissement )>oi p. ^ 191» 1 

Connoisseur 

Connoltre v, 

Conquiers r p. 209. 3 

Conquerrai, con- 

querrais 
Consciencieuse- ^^^ j„^ 

ment ^ '^ 

Consciencieux 

Constellation In,, ^n-r » 
Constell6 /WP-W.g 

Consubstantial- "^ 

it^ 
Consubstantia- 

tion 
Consubstantiel 
Consubstanti- 

ellement 
Contentieuse- 

ment 
Contentieux 
Contiguity 



Xrrp, 210.5 

/en p, 
i 24 



ytp, s 222. 9 



} 



u ;^ 229. 10 



Contrefaisant,\ai p, ti or eu 161« 
&c. 



A A 3 



270 



Contrevallatioii 11^. 197. 8 



Coiivers 

Coq-d'inde 

Coquesigrue 

Coralloide 

Corchore 

Corollaire 

Corollitiqufi 

Correct 

Cortes 

Cosinus 

Cotignac 
Couenne 
Couenncux 
Coup 

Courrai, cour- 
rois, Sfc, 

Coups 

Coutil 

Crie 

Croc 

Crocus 

Cr^sus 

Crim 

Croatie 

Crucifix 



r /?. 209. 3 
q m, 208. 1 
s p. s 2\S. 5 
lip, 197. 8 
ch;>. k 168.9 

|ll/7. 197. 8 

ct p. 167. 
sp, 214. 7 

{S medial p, s ; 
s fin, p. 2S6 
c m. 166. 4 
e p. ^, a 178. 

p m. 208. 1 

>rr|>.. 210. 5 

s m. & p^ 214.7. 

15 
1 m. 193. 2 
c m. 166, 4 
c /?. or wi. 166. 4 

Is^. 214. 7 

im p ime 191. 5 
tp. tor^ 223. 1 1 
X >w. 233. 7 



{ 

} 
{ 



Cryptom^allin 11 p, 197. 8 



Cubitus^ 

Cucillage 

Cueillaire 

Cueillement 

Cueilleret 

Cueillette 

Cueyieur 

CueiUir v, 

Cueilluir 

Cuiller 

Cul 

Custodinos 

Cyclamen 

Cynorrhodon 
Cyn^cocratie 



s p, 214. 7 



^-ue/?. eu 178. 28 



{ 



r p. 209. 3^ 
1 m. 193. 1 
s p, 214. 7 
en^. eiie,in 176. 

19 
IT p. 211. 5 
t p. s 222. 9 



D. 



Dalmatie 
Damnable 
Damn able merit 
Damnation 
Daroner v. 



t p, s 222. 9 



>m m, 198* 2 



Dassar^tien 1 ;?. s 222. 9 
D^baptiser v, p //i. 
D^bentur \en p, in 176. 
Debentures J 17 
D^bet t p, 220. 2 

D^casyllabe *) 
Decasyllabique J ^V 
Decemp^de "\ 
Decemvirs {tva p. erne 175» 
Decemviral i 1 1 
D^cemvirat 3 
D4cennal nn p, 200. 3 



s2l3. 5 



D^compte 1 
D^compter v.} 



p m, 208. 1 

D^current rr^. 210. 4 

Deficient en p. an 177. 24 

Deficit t p, 220. 2 

D^isidemonie s/y. s2i3. 5- 

Deliquescence! ,,^^3 o 

D<51iquescent /"P-228.S 

Democratic t /;. s 2^2. 9 
D^payser *^. ay ^. ^i , ei 1 62. B 
Desempenn^ nu /?. 200. 3 
Desenamoure 1 .^^^ a 

D&enivrere. )^"''-^»-n''^-^ 

D^sennuyert..V"2f a»-" '^^- 

D^sorienter ?;. en p, an 177. 24 
Desquamation up. ou 228. 6 
DesqueU U nudial m. ^I'i. 

Dessaouler Vi a wjw 1 63: 1 7 



rU p unsnl, or 1 



Dessiller ^ / ^r.- .- 

\ saL 19o. 5 

^r^" r p. 2 9.3 

Devers ^ 

Devis s p, 214. 7 

D^votieux 1 ^(-,« „ 

Devotieusement/^ ^-^ ^^^* -^ 

Diabetes s ^. 214. 7 

Diachalasis ch /?. k, % p, 236 

Diagnostique g n p, 181. 3 

Diasebeste "V 

Dias^ne >s /?, s 213. 5 

Diasostique 3 

Diasphendon^se 5 'j^- '" *'^- 
Diasyrme s /?. s 213. a 



271 




ch p. k 1G8. 9 



Dichor^e 

Dichotom 

Dichotome 

Dichotomie 

Didrachnie ch /?. g 16.9. 10 

Dierville 1 unsal, 195. 4 

Diesis &p. 214. 7 

Diffarr^ation rr p» 210. 4 

Differentiation "> 

Diffiirentiel M;?. s 232.9 

Diff^rentier v, j 

Dijonois oi p, h 191. 1 

Dilayer v, ay />. ai l62. 11 

Dilemme e p, h 175. 13 

Diocl^tien -^ 

Diocl^tienne Itp. s^^^, 9 

Dipiomatie j 

Direct dp, 167 

Discompte p m, 208. 1 

Discourrai, ^c, rr/?. 310. 5 

Disparoltre v, ui p. ^ 191. 1 

Dissonance ss/?. 216. 19 

Distichiasis ch p. k, s p, 236 

Distill ateur i 

Distillation >1 unsal. 195. 4 

Distillers. J 

Distinct ct /?. 167 

District t m or p. 167. 7 

Ditrochee ch p, k 168. 9 

Divers r p. 209. 3 

Dix X WA.^. s, z233.9 

Dixiemement J '^ 
Dixme 
Dixmer t;. 
Dixmeur 



X. m. 232. 5 



gi:i:::pf -"^ [x ;,. s 233. 9 

lit ^ 

liti^me >x p. 

litain j 



z 233. 9 



DiK-huit 

Dix-huiti^me 

Dix-huitaii 

Dix-neuf ^ ^oo ^ 

Dix-neuvi&me)''P""^^ 233,9 

Doigfe 'J 

Doigter v, ^S ^' ^^^' ^ 

Doigtier 3 

Dolicboclrome ch p. k 168. 9 

Domitien t//. s223;9 

Domptahle *\ 

DGmpter Vi >p w. §? p. 208. 3 

Dompteur J 

Done c m. ^' p. 1^6. 6 



Don Quixote 

Dot ' 

Douaire 

Dou airier 

Douairi^re 

DouceAtre 

Drachrne 

Drap 

Drayer v, 

Dunkerque 

Duumvir 

Duumvirat 

Dussaulx 

Dysanagog^ue 

Dys^pnlotique 

Dysesthesia 

Dysodre 

Dysorexie 

Dysurie 



X p. ch 232. 4 
t p, 220. 2 



>ai p 



^ or 



a 161. 4 



} 



ceAp. 8^178. 31 
ch p, g 169.10 
p m. 208. 1 
ay p. ai 162. 11 
un p. on 230. 1 2 
uum p. uome 

230. 13 
Ix w. 233. 8 



.s /?. s 



9! ? '-? 



E. 



E'buUition 

E'chec 

E'checs 

E'chidna 

Echidn^ 

E^chinodermes 

E'chinomes 

E'chinomies 

E'chioid^s 

E'cho 

L''cbom^tr8 

E'chom^trie 

Eclogue 

Een^phis 

E'cossois 

Ectillotique 

E'cueil 



11 p. 197. 8 

c p. 166 

cm. or p. 166. 4 



>ch p. k 168. S 



7 

.5 



p. 214. 7 
ch p. k 168.9 



c p. «:, cl65. 1 



s p 
oi p 



»5 

214. 7 



e 



E^den 

Efficient 

E'grugeure 

E'gytien 

E'lasagno'ides 

E'lenchtiqiie 

E'l^phaniiasjs 

FAUihore 

Ell^bcrine 

Ell^borine 

Ellipse 

Eliipsoide 



191.1 
11 unsal. 195. G 
uep. eu J78. 28 

fen p, hie or in 

1170. 19 
en p. an 177. 24 
geu/?. ju 178. 30 
t ;> s 223'! 9 
g, n p, 181. 3 
en p. in 176. 17 
s/;. 214. 7 



►11^. 197. 8 



272 



P> 197. 8 



^175 



Ellipticit^ "^ 
Elliptique Ml 
Eliiptoide J 
Emmagasiner i;* 
Emmaig^rir v, 
Emmaillotter v, 
Emmanchement 
Emmancher v, 
Emmaucheur 
Emmanchure 
Emmanequiner v, 
Emmante!^ j 

Emmanuel {l^^/s ^'"^"^ 

Emmarchement 
Emmariner v. 
Emmarquiser v. 
Emm^lie 
Emm^nagement 
Emm^nager v, 
Emm^nagogues "Jemm p. anm 
Emm^nagologie Jor ^-mm 176 
Emm^nalogie J 14 
Emmener v, \ emm p, anm 
:er v, / 175 

eram p, anm 



jmm p, anm 
'175 



Emmenotter 



Emm^sostome 
Emmi 

Emmieller v. 
Emmiellure 
Emmitoufler v* 
Emmitrer v, 
Emmortaiser v, 
Em mot t^ 
Emmuseler v. 



or ^-mm 176. 
14 



emmp* 
■175 



anm 



E^oeller v, 

E'moUient 

Empenner v, 

Enarrhement 

Enarrher v, 

E'nas 

Encanthis 

Enchiridion 

Enchymose 

Encoignure 



5 oe p. oe 07' oa 

i 179. 33 
en p. an 177. 24 
nn p. 200. 3 

> en p. 6-n or an- 

]i\ 172.3 

I s p, 314. 7 



^ch 



p. k 168. 9 



i m. lyi. 4 



u /> 



i^09. 3 
. 229. 10 



Encourrai, ^c. rr p. 210. 5 

Enfer 

Enguichure 

Enhach^ 

Enhaillonn^ 

Enhair t\ 

Enhardir v. 



en p. an 171. 2 



Enbarraonique enp, an-n 171. i 
Enharnaehement "^ 
Enharnacher v» ^* 
Enhayeur 
Enherber v, 
Enhuiler v. 



en p, an 
4171. 2 

> en/?. an-n 171. 1 

{en p, ^-n o^r an-n 
172.3 

>en;>. an-n 171,1 



Enbydre 

Enivrement 
Enivrer «;. 
Enn^aconta^dre 
Enn^aeorde 
Enn^adactyle 

Enn^ad^ca^t^ride j^"" ^* ^^^- ^ 

Enti6agone 

Enn^andrie | 

Enii^ap^tale 

Ennoblir v. 

Ennui 

Ennuyer v, 

Ennuyeusemen 

Ennuyeux 

Enoiseler v. 



? 



[ onn p. an-n 

^"178.25 



Enorcbite 

Enorgiieillir 

Enquiers 
Enquerrai, ais 



{en p, e-n or an-n 
172. 3 
ch p, k 168. 9 

{en /?. 6-n or 
an-n 172. 3 



c. 



V p. 
is, jr 



172. 
209. 3 



rr p, 210. 5 



Ent^rosarcocele s p. s 213. 5 
Ent^rosch^ocele scb p, sk 213. 6* 



Entblasis 
Entrelacs 
Envergeure 
Envers 
Epicb(5r^me 
E'piploilis 
E'piplosarcom- 
phale 



sp, 214. 7 
c m. 166. 4 
geup. jul7B. 30 
r p. 209. 3 
eh /?. k 168. 9 
s p, 2U. 7 

>s /?, s 213. 5 



E'piploscb^qcele sch p. sk 213. 6 
Epistaxis s/?. 214 7 

E'pitrochasme cb p.li 1G8. 9 



Epizootic 

E'quant 

E'quateur 

E'q nation 

E'quatorial 

E'questre 



tp, S223. 9 



>u p* ou 228. 6 



u w. or p, 228. 5- 



273 



>up> 228. 3 

u m 09' p, 228, 5 
228.3 



E'qul angle 

E^quiaxe 

E'quic rural 

E'quidiffi^rent 

E'quidistant 

E'quilat^ral 

E'qui latere 

E'quimulliple 

E'quinoxial 

E'quipoUence 

E'qui pollen t 

E'quipoller i 

Eyipond^rance].„ 323 

E quitation • ^ 



i^P 



u/i. orw. 228. 4 
228. 3 ; 



f U, 11 p, 

^ 1197, 8 

V. J 



s 

s p. 214. 7 



E'ros 

Errata 

Erratique 

Errer v, 

Erron^ 

Escharotique 

Escient 

Escompte "> 

Escompter v. J "* 

Essentiel 1. 

Essentiellement /^ P* ^ -^^^^ ^ 



rr p. 210, 4 

sch p. sk 213. 6 
en p. an 177. 24 

m. 208. 1 



Est 

Estomac 

Et csetera 

E'teuf 

E'ther 

E'thocratie 

E'tiolement 

Eu, eus, ^c. 



St w. or;?. 222. 6 
c m. 166. 4 
t p. 220. 2 
f»2. 179. 1 
r p. 209. 3 

|t p. s 223. 9 

p. u 178. 30 
Eucharistie *) , ^ ^ ^i^ r. 

Exact ct/?. or w. 167. 7 

Examen en p. ^ne or in 

!ISxarchat ch /?. k 168. 9 

Excipient en p. an 177. 24 

Excr^mentiel t p. s 223. 9 
Ex^at t p. 220. 2 

Exempt 1 ^^„ , 

Exemptert.. j-P'»-208. 1 

Expedient en p. an 177. 24 

Exponentiel t p. s 223. 9 

Extra-axiilaire U unsaL 195. 6 

Extrados s p. 214. 7 



f. 



Fac^tie 

Fac<^tieusemeiit 

Fac^tieux 



>t p. s 223. 



Faciende 
Factieux 
Factotum 

Factum 

Faien eerie 
Faiencier 
Faisant, rf-c 
Fait ^ 
Fallace 



en p. an 177. 24 
t p. s 223. 9 
urn p. on 230. 14 

{um p. ome or on 
230. 15 

>en p. an 177. 24 

aip. ^orel61. 5 
t. m. or p. 220.3 
1 



Fallaci easement Ml p* 197. 8 



Fallacieux 

Fantoccini 

Faon 

Faonner v. 

Fat 

Fayence 

Fayencier 

Fayencerie 

Fenil 

Fiat 

Fibrille 

Fiente 
Fienter v, 
Fier (proud) 
Filhon 

Fils 

Fissip^de 

Fissure 

Flagellans 

Flagellation 

Flageller t>. 

Fleur-de-lis 

Flores 

Flux 

Foetus 

Foiblag'e 

Foible 

Foiblement 

Foiblesse 

Foiblir v. 

Foil icul aire 

Follicule 

Fongus 

Forceps 

Fouriiil 

Fraisil 

Franc 
Francois 



3 

cc p. tch 
aonp. an 163. 16 
o w. 163. 15 
t p. 220. 2 

ayen p. aian 162. 



7ayi 

3^^ 



p. 197. 8 



1 m. 193. 2 

{t m.orp,220.2j 

{1 sal. or unsaU ' 
195. 5 

>en p. an 177. 24 

r p. 209. 3 
Isal, 194. 3 

{1 m.f s m,or p. 
194.2 

Iss or sp. 216. 19 

} 

s m. 214. 9 
s p. 214.7 
X w. 233. 7 
sp. 214. 7 

.01 p. ^ 191.1 



11 p. 197. 8 
s p. 214. 7 

n m. 193. 2 

{e m, 4" p. 166. 
170. 13 
{oi p. oa a?ii? h 
191. 2 



274 



Frater 
Fritillaire 
Fucus 
Fusil 

TiXt 



Gageure 

Galactirrh^e 

Gallate 

Galliambe 

Gallica 

Gallican 

Gallicisme 

Gallinasse 

Gallique 

Galop 

Gangrene 

Gangrener ?/. 

Gangreneux 

Garus 

Gaster 

Gaz 

Geai 

Gembe 

Gem me 

Gentiane 



r p. 209. 3 
11 unsal, 195. 6 
s p. 214. T 
1 m. 193. 2 

{tm, or p. 220. 2, 

G. 

geu??.juir8.30 
rr p, 211 



>\l p. 197. 8 



1 
J 



p m. 208. 1 

. ganp.cano^*gan 
^181. 1 



Gentil 



{ 



S p. 214. 7 
r p. 209. 3 
zp.235. 1 
;?. j^ 161. 3 
em/?, in 175. 12 
ep.^ 175. 13 
tp. S223.9 
1 p., ni.^sal.yUn- 
sal, 194. 2 
Gentilhomme 1 ja/. 194. 3 
Gentilshorames, 1 m. 193. 1 
Gentilhommeau "^ 
Gentilhomraerv f| „^, ^o/^ «> 
Gentilhommerie {^ *''^' ^^^- ^ 

Gentilhommi^re 3 

G^ognosie 

Ghilam 

Gilla 

Gille 

Gillerie 

Gingiras 

Girasol 

Giroselle 



O 



Gluteu 

Gni<.le 

Gnou 

Goaie 

Go4tien 



gnp. 181 
amp. a me 160. 2 
II unsal. 195. 6 

>1 unsal, 195, 4 

s p. 214. r 

|s/?. s 213. 5 

en j^, ^ne or in 

17^^19 
gn /?. en or gn 

182. 6 
gn p. ni 182. 6 

ip, s223. 9 



Goth 

Grammatical 

Grammatiste 

Gran it 

Gratien 

Gratiole 

Gratis 

Grenetie 

Gr^sil 

Gril 

Grosil 



th m. 222. 8 
S-mmp, 199.4 

tp. 220. 2 

\tp, s 223.9 

sp. 214.7 
t p. s 223. 9 
1 sal, 194. 2 
\m,orsal, 194.2 

{1 />. *a/. or unsaL 
194. 2 

I up. on 229. 11 

em p. in 175. 12 

229. 10 



Guadeloupe 
Guan 
Guembe 
Guise (prope7\ 

name) J ^' 
Guirantingua ua p. oua 229. 1 1 
Guttural tt p. 223. 12 

Gymnosophistes s p. s 213. 5 
Gyn^cocratie , t p. s 223. 9 



H 

Ha 

Habler v, 

Hablerie 

Hableur 

Hache 

H ache bach ^ 

Hach^e 

Hach^es 

Hachemens 

Hacher v, 

Hachereau 

Hachette 

Hachis 

Hachoir 

Hachure 

Hagard 

Haha 

Hah^ 

Haie 

Haie 

Hailer f, 

Haillon 

Haillons 

Haim, hain 

Haine 

Haineux 

Half V. 



H. 

m, or asp, 188 



>hasp. 184. 1 



275 



>h asp, 184. 1 



■^ 



Haire 

Haireux, h^reux 

Haissable 

Halage 

Halbourg 

Halbran 

Halbren^ 

Halbrener v, 

Hale 

Haiebreu 

Halecret 

Halement 

Halener v» 

HMer v» 

Haletant 

Haleter v. 

Haleur 

Haliage 

Halle 

Hallebarde 

Hallebardier 

Hallebreda 

Halle-croq 

Hallier 

Hallucination 11 p. 19T. 8 

H41oir 

Halot 

Halotecbnie 

Halte 

Halter r. 

Hamac 

Hamaux 

Hambourg 

Hameau 

Hampe 

Han 

Hanap 

Hanche 

Hannebane or 

Hennebane 

Hanneton 

Hangar 

Hanscrit 

Hanse 

Hans^atique 

Hansi^re 

Hanter 

l^antise 

flapp« 

Happelopin 

Happelourde 

Happer v, j 



>\i asp, 184. 1 



Haque 

Haquen^e 

Haquet 

Haquetier 

Harai 

Haram 

Harame 

Harangue 

Haranguer v, 

Harangueur 

Haras 

Harasser v» 

Harceler v. 

Hard 

Harde 

Hard^esL 

Harder v, 

Karderie 

Hardes 

Hardi 

Hardiesse 

Hardi ment 

Harem 



>h asp, 184. 1 



Hareng 

Harengade 

Harengui^re 

Harengaison 

Hareng^re 

Hargneux 

Hargni^re 

Haricot 

Haridelle 

Harle 

Harnacbement 

Harnacher v. 

Hamois 

Haro 
Harpail 
Harpailler v, 
Harpe 
Harp^ 
Harpeau 
Harper v, 
Harpie 
Harpigner v, 
Harpin 
Harpon 
Harponner v. 

Harponneur 
Hart 



{h asp. em p. ^me 
184. li 17511 



>-h asp, 184.1 



{ 



h asp, oi 
191.1 



p. ^ 



!^h asp, 184. 1 



276 



Harviau 

Hasard 

Hasarder v, 

Hasardeusement 

Hasardeux 

Hase 

Hasna, Hasn^. 

Hazn^ 
H^te 
H^telets 
Hatelettes 
liktev V. 
H^tereau 
H^teur 
Hatier 
H^tif 
Hativeau 
Hativement 
HA.tivet6 
H^ture 
Haubans 
Haul) an er v, 
Haubergeon 
Haubergier 
Haubert 
Hausse 
Haussement 
Hausser v, 
Haussoire 
Haut 
Hautain 
Hautainement 
Hautbois 
Haut^e 
Hautement 
Hautesse 
Hauteur 
Hauturier 
Havamaal 
H^v« 
H^veneau 
Haveron 
Havet 
Havir v, 
HArre 
H^ 

Heaume 
Heaumerie 
Heaumier 
H^dypnoXs 
H^^ler V. 
H^liantbeme 



;>h asp, 184. 1 



J 

hasp.tm, 219.1 



^b asp, 184. 1 



s;?. 214.7 
> b asp, 184. 1 



} 



tp,s 223. 9 



Hellanodices "^ 

Hellanodiques 

Hellenes 

Hell^nique ^11 ]). 197. 8 

Hell^uisme 

Hell^iiiste 

Hellenistique 

Helvetic 

Helv^tien 

{h asp. em p. erne 
184.1, 175.11 
H^morrous s p. 214. 7 
Hend^cagone en p. in 176. 17 

Hend6casyllabe{^^/'-'";'P-^ 

Henn^ h asp, 184. 1 

Hennir 1 b asp,, enn p. a-n 

HennissementJ 184. 1, 178.27 

h asp. or m, 187. 

6 



Hem 



Henri 






t p. s 223. 9 



h asp, 1 84. I 



s p. 214.7 



H^otie 

H^raut 

Herbaut 

H^re 

H^risser v, 

H frisson 

H^rissonner v 

Hermes 

Hernial re 

Hernie 

Hernieux 

Heron 

Heronneau 

H^ronner v, 

Heronnier 

H^ronni^re 

H^ros 

Herpaille 

Herpe 

Herp^tique 

Hers age 

Herse 

Herser v, 

Herseur 

Hesper r p. 209. 3 

Hesycbastes 1^^^ j^ ^^^ ^ 

Hesycbastiquej ^' 

H^tre h asp. 184. 1 

TT i. fh asp.y t ». 184. 

"""^* |l,220. 2 

Heurtequin "^ 

Heurter ?'. y\iasp, 184. I 

Heurtoir J 



Ai asp, 184. 1 



277 



sp.^u.r 



Hiatus 

Hibou 

Hie 

Hideusement 

Hideux 

Hie 

Hiement 

Hier v, 

Hier 

Hierarchic 

Hi<^rarchique 1 

Hi^rarchiquement f h «i?p. 184. 

Hi^rarques 

Hinn^ 

Hisser v, 

Hiver 

Hoc 

Hoca 

Hocco 

Hoche 

Hochement 

Kochepied 

Hoehepot 

Hochequeue 

Hocher v. 

Hochet 

Hola 

Hollande 

Hollandois 

Homard 

Honsre 



> 



^h asp. 1Q4!, \ 



vp, 209. 3 






r I?. 209.3 



>-h asp, 184. 1 



I 



Hongreline 

Hongrer r. 

Hongrie 

Honni 

Honnir V. 

Honte 

Honteusement 

Honte ux 

Hoquet 

Hoqueton 

Horatien 

Horde 

Horion 

Hors 

Hotte 

Hottee 

Hotteur 

Houache 

Houbion 



\ hasp, or m, 1^7* 

oii?. ^ 191.1 

|h «jpp.l84. 1 

I h asp» or m* 
} 188. 11 

h asp. 184. 1 
5 h asp* or m, 

11 



87.7.9 



A 



^h asp. 184. 1 



t p.s223. 9 



B 



Houblonner v, 

Houblonni^re 

Houe 

Houer v.' 

Houille 

Houilleau 

Houilli^re 

Houilleur 

Houle 

Houlette 

Houppe 

Houpp^e 

Houppelande 

Houpper t;. 

Houppier 

Houraillis 

Hource 

Hourdage 

Hourder v* 

Hourdi 

Hourdis 

Houret 

Houri 

Hourque 

Housard 

Housche 

Houseaux 

Houspillier v» 

Houspilloa 

Houssage 

Houssaie 

Houssard 

Hussard 

Housse 

Housseatix 

Housser v. 

Housset 

Houssettes 

Houssi^res 

Houssine 

Houssiner v. 

Houssoir 

Houssou 

Houstalar 

Houx 

Houzures 

Hoyau 

Hoy^ 

Huage 

Huard 

Huau 

Hublot 

Huche 

B 



>h o^p. 184. t 



278 



Hucher v» 

Huchet 

Hu^e 

Huer V* 

Huet 

Huette 

Huguenot 

Huguenotisme 



^h a^p. 184. 1 



J 



Huit 



} 



orp. 187-. r. 10; 
C 220. 4 
Huitain 
Huitaine 

Huiti^me 1 h asp» or m» 

Huiti^mement J 187. T. 10 



h asp. 184. 1 



urn/?, on 230. 12 
sp, 214. 7 



i^ha^i?. 184.1 



Humbert 

Humerus 

Hune 

Hunier 

Huppe 

Hupp6 

^ura 

Hure 

Hurhaut 

Hurlement 

Hurler t/. 

Hutte 

H utter V, 

Hydatis T s p* 214. 7 

Hydropiper r/?. 209. 3 

Hydrosaccharum Isp.sgig.s 

Hydrosarque J ^ 

TT ^ en ». ^ne or in 

Hymen J ^^^ ^^ 

Hypochyma ^ 
Hyporch^me Jeh /?. k 168. 9 
Hypotrach^lion 3 



Hypoxis 



5 p. 314. T' 

I. 

chp.kl68. 9 
t m. 169. 12 
s/>. 214.7 



i 



ch p. k 168. 9 



lachagogues 

lacht 

Ibis 

Ichor 

lehoreux 

Ichoro'ide 

Idem em p. ^me 175. 11 

Idiosyncrase sp. s 213. 5 

Ign4 •) 

Ignicole >g, n p. 181. 3 

Ignition J 



1 p, 9r m, 193. 2 
V I unsal, 195. 4 

Jg w.Uo/. 181.2 



lis 

Imb^cille 

Imb^cilUt^ 

Imbroglie 

Imbroglio 

Impartial "^ 

Impartialement ft p. s ^23. 9. 

Impartiahte >^q 

Impatiemment i 

Impatience J 

Impatient Itp.s.enp.an 

Impatienter v. J '^ ' 

Imp^ritie tp.s223.9 

Impregnation g, n p. 181. 3 

Inaccessible Kg ^^ ^ p. 216. 19 
Inadmissible ^ 

f gnp. saU oruu' 
Incogmto |*a/.i82.4 

Inconvenient en p. an 177. 24 
Incorrect ct p. 1 67 

Indemniserv. \p. ^ran or amn 
Indemnity 
Indirect 



176. 15 
ct p. 167 
s p. 214.7 

Indomptable Ip ,,e. orp. 208. 1 
Indompte J *^ " 

rr p. 210.4 

\tp.s 223.9 

ct p» or m* l67. 7 
Inexpugnable g, n p. 181. 3 
Infect ctp. 167. 

Infortiat tp. s223.9 

Infundibuli. T ^^ ^n 33()^ ^^ 

forme J 

Ingredient en p. an 177. «4 

Inguinal u p. 229. 10 



Indistinct 
Indivis 



In^narrable 
Ineptie 
Inertie 
Inexact 



Inintelligible 

Initial 

Initiatif 

Initiation 

Initier v 

Innascibilite 

Inn^ 

Innom^ 

Innomin^ 

Innovateur 

Innovation 

Innover v, 

In-octavo 

In-quarto 



>tp. s 223. 9 



-nn p. 200. 3 



in p. i-n 201. 
u p. ou 228. 6 



■ 1 



279 



Insatiability 7 ^ 

insatiable Mp. sS52J.y 

InsatiablemeBt J , ^nc: a 
Instillerv. lunsaLW^^^ 

Instinct ct /yi. 167. 8 

Intact \ctp. 167 

Intellect J . . .^. k 

Interim imp. ime 191.5 

Intermaxillaire 11 unsal. 195. 6 
Interr^gne 1 ^^ ^^ 210. 4 

Inter rex J ^ 

Interstellaire U p. 197. 8 
Intransitif s/?. z212.2 

Intus-susception sp. 214. 7 

iris s P- ^^"^^ ^ 

Irlandois oi/>^ 191.1 

Ischiatique ->. 

Ischio-caverneux i ^ 

Ischioc^le fschp.sk 

Ischion ^ 213. 6 

Ischur^tique 

Ischurie 

Isle 

Islot 

isthme 

Isthmieus 

Isthmiques 

Item 

Ivroie 



5: 

iih m. 222. 8 

5 em p. ^me 175, 

ill 

J oi p. oa, or ^ 

<191.2 



Jadis 
Japonois 
Jean 
Jerusalem 

Joug 

J^sus 

J^sus-Christ 
Jupiter 
Jusant 
Joinville 



I adeun 



J. 



sp. 214. 7 
oip. e 191. 1 
ewt. 178. 31 
em p. emel98. 
g Wt orp, k, g 
182. 8 

s m, or p, 216. 
18 

s, st m. 222. 7 
r p. 209. 3 
sp. s213. 5 
1 unsaL 195. 4 

K. 






eunp. eune 
I ermes s p. 214. 7 

Kirsch-wasser 238 



Laeeure 

Lach^sis 

Lacs 

Laguis 

Lamella 

Lampas 

Laon 
Laonnols 

I Lapillo 
Lapis 

Laps 
Laqu^aire 

Larus 

LaserpHium 
Le Guide (pro- 
per name) 
Legs 

Lembaire 
Lemme 
Lemma 
Lemnisc^ros 
L^muncule 
L^pontien 

Lesquels 

Leucopbleg- 

matie 
Lbama 
Libellatique 

Libeller v. 

Lichen 

Lienterie 

Lille 

Lingual - 

Linguatule 

Liquation 

Liquefaction 

Lis 

Fleur-de-lis 

Lituus 

Llama 

Llanta 

Logistille 

Loncbitis 

Longueville 

Loocb 

Loquacity 

L6s 

Loup 

Lucayes 



L. 

ceup.sttl78. 30 
chp. k>sp. 236 
cp. or w. 166.4 
s p. 214. 7 
Up. 197. 8 

aonp. an 163. 16 
o m, 163. 15 
Up. ww5«^. 195.6 

sp. 214. r 

up. 228.3 
s p. 214. 7: 

tpr S 

lup. 229. 10 



} 



{ 



g m. 182. 7 
em p. in 1^5. 12 
ep. e 175.12 
mm p. 199. 4 
s p. 214. r 
un p. on 230. 12 
t p. s 223. 9 
sw^tfia/,w.212. 

_4 

\tp. s223. 9 
1 sal. 196. 7 
\Up. 197. 8 

^ ch, en p. k, ene 

I 237 
en p. an 177. 24 
1 unsal. 195. 4 

}ua p. oua 229.-" 
11 
u p. ou 228. 6 

up. 228.3 
s w. ^ p. 214. 8 
s m, 214. 8 
sp. 214.7 

\\sal 196.7 

1 unsal* 195. 4 
ch p. k, s p. 236 
1 unsal, 195. 4 
oop. o 206. 4 
u p. ou 228. 6 
sp. 214.7 
p m. 208. 1 
p. ai-e 162. 9 



S80 



Lucifer 

Lumaehelle 

humhagp 

Lun^ville 

Luxeuil 

Lychnis 

Lyonnois 



r p, 209, 3 
ch p, k 168. 9 
um p. on. 230. 3.3 
lunsal, 195. 4 
xp. S232. 2 
sp, 214.7 
oi p, ^ 191. 1 



M. 



Machab^es ch p» k l^St 9 

Machefer r p, 209. 3 

Macroch^re ch /?. k 168. 9 

Maestri cht t w. 169. 12 

Magister r^. 209. 3 
Magnat Ssnp.unsaLlSl. 

Ma^nes s p, 214. 7 
Maieur ai p. ai l6l. 6 

Mais s p. 214. 7 

Malfaisant ai p. ^, eu l6l. 5 

Malleability )„ ,n^ « 

Mall^ole J 11/^.197.8 

Malleville 1 unsaL 195. 4 

Mamlouk am p. ame 160. 2 

Mammaire mm p. 199. 4 

Mangeure geu p. ju 178. 30 
Maniehordion ch p. k ld8. 9 

Maniguidre ui^ p. ^ 
Marc c p. or m, 166. 4 

Marchetto ch p. k 168. 9 

Mars s p. 214. 7 

Marseillois oi;o. ^ 191. 2 

Marsilbargues I saL 194. 3 
Martial t p. .v 223. 9 

Masquapenne u p. ou 228. 6 
Masseter r p. 209. 3 

Mat tm. or p, 220. $ 

Maxiliaire Up. wwstt/.,195. 6 

Mayence p. ai 162. 11 

M^choachan ch, ch p. k 237. 

M^compte ) 

M^compteri'. 5 P^- ^"»- ^ 
M6connoissable S 
M^connoissaiice Joi p. ^ 191. 1 
M^coinioltre i>. j 
M^iuUaire lip. 197. 8 

M^las s p. 214. 7 

M^iochia ch p. k 168. 9 

Mempbite 1 ' u^r ^n 

Memphitique J em p. in 175. 12 

Mend^s enp. in,sp. 236. 

Me^toy tjup. in 176. 17 



Mephitis sp. 2t4.7 

Merville \umdhld^,4i 

Mesdames "> ^ x/a-.^ 

Meslier 3 

M^sochondriaque ^chp. kl68. 

M^sochore 5 9 

Messer Tp. 209. 3 

Messieurs r wi. 209* 1 

M^tachor^se ch p- k 168. 9 

M^taliique 

M^tallisatii 

M^talli 

M^tallographie i 

M^tallurgie \ 

M^tallurgiste -^ 

M^tas) nchrise s p. s 213. 5 

t/?. s 223.9 

{1 fa2. unsai, 194* 
2 
I «^/. 194. 3 



lique -^ 

lisation i 
iisert;. ^jj j^^ 



8 



Mignotie 
Mil 



ip. aou 0** ou 
163. 



Milhaud 

Mille 

Millegreux 

Mill^naire 

Mill^sime 

Milliaire 

Milliard 

Milliasse 

Milli^me 

MiUier 

Milligramme 

Millimetre 

Million 

Millioni^me 

Millionnaire 

Miltiade 

Minutie 

Minutieux 

Miscellanies 

Moelle 

Moelleux 

Moellon 

Moellonnier 

Mceurs 

Monachisme 

Mon^ris 

Monnoie 

Monnoierie 

Monnoyage 

Monnoyer v, 

Monnoyere 

Monnoyeur 



> 1 unsaL ] 95. 4 

}11 p. unsaL 195. 
6 



>1 unsat, 195. 4 



7 

>tp. S223. 9 
11 p. 197. 8 
e p, h or a 176. 

S7W. orp,2l5. 14 
ch p. k 168. 9 
s p. 214. 7 



>oip. e 19J.1 



281 



Moiiosyllabe 
Monosyllabique 



}si>. 



s 213. 5 



Mons 

Monsieur 

Montassins 
Mordicus 

Mors 

Motus 

Mourrai, &fc, 

Moyse 

Mutille 

Myrrhis 

Myrrhite 

Myrrhinite 

Myrtille 

Myurus 



Nangaer 

Narrateur 

Narratif 

Narration 

Narrer v, 

N^cromant 

Necromancie 

N^g^undo 

Nenui 

N^penth^s 

N^potien 

Nerf 

Nerfs ^ 

Neuf 

Neufs 

Nicotiane 

Nid 

Nigua 

NiUas 

Niveraois 

Nodus 

Nombril 



s p. 214. 7 

on p. o, rw. 309. 



on p, one 205. 1 
s;?. 214. 7 

{s ahvat/sm* 219. 
20 

sp.214. 7 
rvp. 210. 5 
oyp, 01 235. 1 
1 unsal. 195. 4 
rr, s p. 236. 

>rrp, 211. 5 

1 unsah 195, 4 
s/?. 214. 




>c/?.c or g 165.1 



un/?. on 230. 12 
e/j. a 178. 27 

s». 214. 7 
tp,s 223. 9 
fp. or m. 180. 4 
f m, 180. 4 
f/?. orm, 180,6 
fm.l80 6 
t //. s 223, 9 
d m. 170. 1 
Mp, ou 229. 11 
11 sah s /?. 214. 7 
oip. ^ 191. 1 
s p, 214. 7 
1 m, 193. 2 



'-? 



d/?.or;7i«st;p. 



Nord-est 
Nord-est-quart- 

est >, 

Nord-ester v, i 
Nord-ouest 3 

Nord-ouester v, d p, or m, 

Novemvir, |ein /. eme 1 75- 

Nud d?w. 170. 1 

Nullity 11/;. 197.8 



Nummulaire 

Nuncupatif 
Nundinales 
Nuptial 



{umm p» omm 
228.1 

/un p. on 230. 12 
t^.s223. 9 



Oasis 
Ob^dienciaire "^ 



Ob^dienciel 
Ob^diencier 



Ob^dientiel 

Obiaia 

Obliquangle 

Obliquation 

Obliquity 

Obus 

Occiput 

Cchlocratie 

Ocbrous 



O. 

sp. 214.7 
en p. an 177. 24 
en p, an 



ft p. s, 

1223.10 , 
t p. s 223. 9 

"lu^.ou 228.6 

u wi. or p. 228. 5 
s p. 214. 7 



:> 



CB /?. eu or ^ 

178. 28 



t/?. 220. 2 
t /?. s 223. 9 
s p. 214. 7 

CEd^mosarque s /?. s 2 13. 5 

CEil. 

CEillade 

OEillader v, 

CEill^re 

Oiillet 

CEilldterie 

CEilleton 

QCilletonneri/^ 

Oen 

CEnas 

CEuf 

CEufs 

Oignon ^ 

Oignoniere 

Oignonet 



en/?, ene 176,18 
s p. 214. 7 
fp, or jw. 180, 5 
f m.180. 5 

0\ P,0 191. 4 : 



Oleosaccharum s p. s. 213. 5 
Olibrius s p. 214. 7 

Ollaire ' 11 p. 197. 8 
One c p, 166. 5 

Onguicul^ gu p. 229. 10 

Onirocratie "I ^ p. s 223. 9 
Uniroentie J * 
Onychomancie ch p. k 168. 9 
Oiize 1 ^^^ ^ 

Onzieme, j^^^' ^ 

Ophiucus t-„ 214 7 
Ophris j^s/^. ^14. 7 

Opiat t /?. 220. 2 

Opobalsaraum s /y. z 212. 2 



B b3 



282 



Opuntia 



{un p. on, t /? s 
238 



o-"^-~^{ft!l'i:r"' 




k 168. 9 



Orch^sographie 1^^^^- ^' ^ ^• 

Orchestique 

Orchestre 

Orchestrino 

Orchidees 

Orchis ch/?. k, sp. 23G 

Orchite 1 , , ^^^ 

Orchotomie j^hp.kl68.9 

Or^mus sp. 214. 7 

Orgueil \ ue /.». eu 
Orgueilleusement J 178. 28 

Or^ueillpiiK /"6-P- euor^ 

ur^ueilleux 1^^8.29 

Orient 

Oriental 

Orientaliste \eTi p: an 177, 24 

Orientaux i 

Orienter v, j 

Orl^anois oi p. e 191. 1 

Os s /w.<^ p. 215.13 

Osch^oc^Ie 1 1, i ^lo .^ 

Osehophoriesj^'^^-^'^^'^-^ 

Oscillation "J 

Oscillatoire m1^.ww5«/ 195.6 

Osciller v, j 

Ostrogoth th m. 1P!5. 2 

Oublieur r m, 209. 1 

Oui 206. 6 

Ours sm. o?'p. 215. 14 

Outil 1 m. 193. 2 

Outremer r p. 209. 3 

Oxybaphon on p.one 205. 1 

Oxysaccbarum s p. s 213. 5 



P. 



Pachyderm es 

Pabnod 

Palladium 

Pallas 

Palliatif 

Palliation 

Pallium 

Palus 
Paunomie 



} 



chp. klG8. 9 
d m. 170. 1 
lip. 197.8 
11, s p. 237 

U p. 197. 8 

11 p., uni p, ome 
or on 197. 8, 
230.15 
s p.214. 7 
nii;>. 200. 3 



Paon 

Paonne 

Paonneau 

Papillaire 

Papille 

Papyrus 

Paquet-bot 



aon;>.anlG3.l6 

lorn, 163. 15 

Wp.unsal. 195.6 
1 unsal. 195. 4 

s p. 214. 7 
p. pak-bo 



>nt ^ 

^* M;t7. s223. 



Paraguante u p. ou 229. H 

Paraphimosis s p. 214. 7 

Parcourrai, 8fc. rr />. 210. 5 

Parasol s p. s 213. 5 

Pavdalhac 1 sal. 194. 3 

Parisis s^. 214. 7 

Parisyllabique s p. s 213. 5 

Parnassim imp. ime 191. 5 

Paroftre v, oi p. ^ 191. 1 

Part t m, or p, 220. 3 

Partial 

Partialement 

Partialiser - 

Partialistft /^^- s ^^6. 9 

Partiality 

Partiel 

Pai tner r p, 209 3 

Patellaire5 Wp. 197. 8 

Pater (pater) r p. 209. 3 

Pathognomo. I ^ ^^2 3 

nique J 

Pathos s/?. 214. 7 

Patiemment t p. s 223. 9 

Patient \tp.s223.10 

Patienter v, j ^ 

Patriarchal ch p, k IG8. 9 

Pay en ay/?, ai 235. 2 

Pays 

Payse 

Paysage ^ay p. ^i.l62. 8 

Paysagiste 

Paysan 

P6(iuncule I .,„ „ ^„ ooo io 

r», , w >un ». on 230. 12 

Peduncule J '^ i 

Pellicule Up. 1.97. 8 

Penipbigode em p. in 175i II 

- fen, um, ». in, on 

Pen sum •< ^-^^ 

Pentaglotte "J 

Pentagons Jen p. in 176. 

Pentag-yuie 

Pentam^tre 



} 



{ 



en p. an or in 
177. 22 



283 



Pentapaste 
Pentapylle 
Pentarchie 

Pentasyringue 



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en/?, in 17^ 



) en p, 

I 237. 



in, s/>. s 






Pentateuque 

Pentathle 

Pentecoraarque 

Pent^contarque 

Pentee6te 

Perdrix 

P^r^quateur 

P^ril 

Perip^tie 

Perisystole 

Peritie 

Persil 

Pervers 

Pestilentiel 

Pestilentieux 

Petiole 

Petiole 

Petit-qu^ 

Phebus 

Pher(5cratien 

Pher^phaties 

PhicUties 

Philautie 

Phillyre^ 

Phimosis 

Phlasis 

Phthiriasis 

Phyllobolie 

Physiognoraonie 1 

Physiognomonique/ 

Picciolo 

Picrochole 

Pignoratif 



en p. in 176 

en 2». an 176. 21 
X 7n, 233, 7 
u^. ou 228. 6 
I sal. 194.2 
tp. s 223.9 
sp.s 213. 5 
tp,s 223.9 
1 m. 193. 2 
r p, 209. 3 

tp.s 223. 9 

u /?, 228. 3 
s^. 214. 7 

}tp.s 223.9 

t/?. tors 223 11 
11/?. unsaL 195. 6 



.5 



s /?. 214. 7 



182. 



riiiguin 
Pittoresque 
Plaquesain 
Platatini 



11 p. 197. 8 

3 

cc ;?. tch 
ch p, k 168. 9 
g» n/>. 182. 3 
gu p. 229. 1 
ttp. 223. 12 
s/>. s 213. 5 
imp. ime 191. 



Pollen 

Pollicitation 

PoUuer V, 

Pollution 

PoUu X 

Polonois 

Polycholie 

Polysyllabe 

Polysyllabique 

Polysynodie 

Pontuseau 

Pore 

Porc-marin^ 



^ 11 /?., en p, kne 
I 237. 



Pl^nipotentiairet /J. s 223. 9 
Plexus s p. 214. 7 

Pleingeure 



.11/1.197.3 

01 p. ^191. 1 
ch p, k 168. 9 



Plus 

PI us> petition 

Poele 

Poelier 

Po^MU 

Po^lonn^e 



{ 



^ /?, 

"32 



^ or a 179. 



i 



s;?. s2l3. 5 



geu/?. ju 178.30 

s m. or p. 214. 7> 

10 

s p, 214. 7 



c /?. or m, 1 66. 4 
c m, 166. 4 



Porc-sanglier J 

Porter (porter) r p, 209. 3 

Potentiel It//, s 223. 9 

Potitiens J ^ 

Pouls 1 w, 193. 1 

Precompter V. < K 

Pr^destinatia- ^ 

nisme C^*^ ^^^' ^ 

Pr^destinatiens j 

Pregnant j 

Pregnation J 



182. 3 



Pr^legs 

Pr^s^ance 

Pr^supposer v 

Presupposition 

Pieteutieux 

Pr^ville 

Priam 

Primatiale 

Primatie 

Prix 



s213. 5 



g m. 182. 7 

h 

tp. s 223.9 
1 unsal. 195. 4 
am/?, anie 160.2 

It/?, s 223.9 

X wi. 233. 7 
kl68. 9 
eme 175. 



Procharisteries ch p 

T» , fern 2?. e 

Proemptose -{ -t^ 

Progne 

Prompte 

Promptement 

Promptitude 

Prophetie 

Propitiation 

Propitiatoire 

Proquesteur qu p. cu 228. 3 

Proschaer6teries sch p, sk 213. 6 

Prospectus s /v. 214. 7 

Protopaschites sch p. sk 213, 6 

Protosyuceile s/?. s 2,13. 5 

Pst p, 222 . 



gnp. 182.3 
Ijp medial m, 203, 

3 



s 223. 9 



284 



Psycliagoge 

Psych agogi que 

Psychologic 

Psychomancie 

Psychostasie 

Ptisarie 

Pulluler V, 



►ch p. k 168. 9 



Punch 

Pupillaire 

Pupillarit^ 

Pupille 

Pus 

Pusillanime 

Pusillanimity 

Pyro-Iignite 

Pyrosophie 



p m. 208. 1 
lip. 197.8 

{un /?. on eh p, 
die 238. 
11 p. unsal. 195. 

1 unsal, 195. 4 
s m. orp, 214. 8 

}\\p. unsal. 195. 

gnp. 182.3 
s;i. s 213. 5 



qu p. cou 228. 
6 



PyrrtonUme }tP.201.5 

Quademes {.^^--^ 

Quadrag^naire 

Quadragesimal 

Quadrag^sime 

Quadrangle 

Quadrangulaire 

Quadranguie 

Quadrat Iqup.c or cou 

Quadratique J 229. 8 

Quadrature {^^.^-^ "'• «=»" 

Quadricapsulaire 

Quadricolor 

Quadrident^ 

Quadriennal 

Quadrifide 

Quadriflore 

Quadrifoliurai 

Quadriga 

Quadrige 

Quadrijugu^ 

Quadrilat^re {^^"/s' "'' '"" 
Quadrillion qu ^. cou 229. 6 

^ , .1 , . fqu p. c 07' cou 
Quadriloculaire < ^^^^^ ^ 

Quadrin6me S 
Quadripartition f qu p, cou 229. 
Quadiiphylle J6 
Quadi jreme J 



qu p. cou 

r229. 6 



Quadrisyllabe < 

Quadrivalve 

Quadrugi^e 

Quadrumane 

Quadrupede 

Quadrup^dologie 

Quadruple 

Quadrupler v» 



qup, 

237 



cou, s p. s 



> 



qu p. cou 

229. 6 



fqu 
\re 



238. 






Quaiage 
Quaker 

Quaere ") 

Quak^rianisme if^ 'P' 
Quak^risme } 

Quanquam 

Quartidi 

Quartile 

Quarto 

Quartz 

Quartzeux 

Quasi-contrat 

Quasi-d61it 

Quas 

Quass 

Quatemaire 

Quaterne 

Quatern^ 

Quaternit^ 

Quatre yeux 



uai p. ^161. 3 
p. cou, er p. 



cou 229* 



qup. cou, am 
ame 238 
qu p. c or cou 

229. 8 



qixp, cou ^^9,6 

qu p, c or cou 

229.8 

qu p. c or cou 

2'i9. 8, s p, 

qu p. cou 229. 6 



219. 21 
cou. 



na p. 



{ 



qu p. cou 229. 6 
qu p. c or cou 
229. 8, z p. 



, Vqu, S p. 



237 



Quatriennal V^^' 

Quatuor 

Quaz 

Questeur 

Questure 

Quia 

Quibus 

Quind^cagone 

Quind^cemvirs 

QuiiKiuaET^naire "^ 

7^ . * *, . f U p., U p. OU 

Quuiquagesune \^Iq\ 

Quinquatries > ^^^* ^ 

Quinqu^ u, u p. 228. 3 

Quinquennal > 

rt • • ^ su, u, nn ». 

Quinquennium S 

Quinquenove u, in p. 228. 

Quinquerce "1 

Quinqu^r^me Ju, u p. 228. 3 

Quinqu(^virs j 



up. 228.5 
u p., em p ^me 






285 



Quintidi 
Quintiliens 
Quintuple 
Quintupler v, 
Quirinal 
Quit us 

Quotient 



>qup, 228. 3 



s p. 214. 7 

en p. an 
10 



/t p. s, 

1223. 1 



R. 



Rachialgie 

Rachisagre 

fechitique 

Rachitis 

Rachitisme 

Rachosis 

Radoub 

Rancoeur 

Rapt 



>ch p. k 168. 9 

ch p. k, s p. 236 
chp. k 168.9 
c\ip, k, s /?, 236 
bp. 164. 1 
cp. kl65. 2 
t p. 220. 2 



R^bus s p. 214. 7 

Recognition g> n ^. 182.3 
Recollection 11 p. 197. 8 
Recompter Vc p m. 208. 1 
Reconnoissable ") 
Reconnoissance >oi p. ^ 191. 1 
Reconnoitre v, j 
R^cr^dentiaire t jo. s 223. 9 
Recueil *^ 

Recueilleraent/ ^ „231. 16 
Kecueiliir v» i ^ 

Recueilloir J 

Recurrent rr p. 210. 4 

Reddition dd p. 170 

Redompter v. p m, 208. 3 

Reflux X ?». 233. 7 

Regnicole g> n p. 182. 3 

Relaps s p. 214. 7 

Remmaillotter v ^ 

Reramancherz.. S^^J"^-^^-"^ 

Remmener v. j 

R^moUient en p, an 177. 24 

Renhardirz;. i,T^^^'^^>'^ 

R^pulluler v, 11 p. 197. 8 
Requerrai, ^e, rr/?. 210. 5 
Requiem u, m p, 237. 



Requiers 
Respect 

Ressusciter v, 

Restagnation 

R^sumpte 

R^sumpt^ 

Resumption 

R^tiaires 

R^v^rentielle 

Revers 

Rhaninus 

Rhinoceros 

Rhinoptie 

Rhum 

Rich 

Rit 

Rixort 

Roelmas 

Roide 

Roideur 

Roidillon 

Roidir v. 

Roterdam 

Rouennerie 

Ruiliee 
Ruiller v» 
Rum 
Rumb 



rp. 209. 3 
/ctm. 167.B,170. 

^ T&p» re or re 
( 174. 8 , 
g, up, 182. 3 



} 
} 



Saber dache 

Sacellaire 

Sais (savoit') 

Saint-Ouen 

Salsifix 

Sangsue 

Sanguisuges 

Sa6ne 
Saoui 
Saouler v. 



um /). on 230. 13 

tp, s 223.9 

r p, 209. 3 

sp. 214. 7 

tp,s 223. 9 
p. rome 230. 13 
ch p. che 
tm. or /A 220, 3 
t p. 220. 2 
s /?. 214. 7 

oi p, oa, o^ or e 
'191. 2 



amp. amel60. 2 

{enn p» a-n 178 
27 

> 1 unsal, 195. 4 

p. rome 230. 13 
p, rombe 230. 1 2 



S. 

ber p. bre 
11 p. 197. 8 
aip. e 161. 3 
en p. in 176. 17 
X m, 233, 7 

g w. 181 : 2 

{gu/?., s mediaL 
p. s 237 
a M. 163, 14 
a, 1 m. 236 
a m, 163,17 



Sapientiaux 

Satellite 
Satiete 

Satisfaisant, l^c, < ^^' ^ 

Scabellon 11 p. 197. 8 



{en p. an, t /?. s 
237 

lip. 197.8 
ti p. si 223.9 
or e 



286 



>schp. sk 213. 6 



Schidak^don 

Scholarque 

Scholastique 

Scholie 

Scholiaste 

Scientifique 

Scientifiquement / 177. 24 

Scille 



}en /?. an 
177. 24 

I unsal, 195. 4 

II p. unsal, 195. 
6 

^ss o. sorss 216. 

:i9 



] 



tp.s 223. 9 
p m, 208. 1 
lunsaU 195. 4 
fcjo. k or g 165. 



Scillitique 
Scintillation 
Scintiller v, 
Scissible 
Scission 
Scissure _ 

Scl^rosarcome^'g^^^^'^^^-^ 

Scolopomach^- 1 . i, «* /?« ^ 
rion |ch/?. kl68. 9 

Scotie t />. s 223 

Sculpter V, 

Sculpteur 

Sculpture 

S^bille 

Second 

Secondaire 

Secondement 

Seconder v. 

Secourrai, ^c, tt p» 210. 5 

Secret 1 c p. k or g 165. 

Secretaire j 1 

Seiim im jp. ime 191. 5 

Semi-quintile qu/r. 228. 3 
Sempiternel em p. in 175. 11 
S^natus-consulte s-c p. 214. 7 
Sens s 7n. or/1.214. 11 

Seoir v, e m. 178. 31 

Sept p m, t p. or m. 220. 4 

Septemvir emp. ^mel75.11 

Septennal nn p. 200. 3 

Septi^me "l n m 208 1 

Septi^mement/P'^'^"^- * 

Sequin 

Shako 

Sharif 

Sigillaire 

Sigillaries 

Sigillateiirs 

Sigilie 

Signet 



u p. 228. 3 
>shp. ch 185. 3 




unsal, 195. 



p. sinet 182. 5 



t p. s 223. 9 
1 unsal, 195. 4 

{oon p. oune 205. 

j-sp. 214. 7 

p w. 208. 1 
J X p. s, z or 7/r» 
( 233. 9 

>x p. z 232. 3 

00 p. ou 206. 4 
>1 ?<w*a/. 195. 4 

X p. s 232, 2 
en p. ^nel76. IS 



5 



178. 27 



orr 



Silentiaire 
Sille 

Simoon 

Sinus 

Siphilis 

Sirop 

Six 

Sixain 

Sixi^rae 

Sixi^raement 

Sloop 

Smille 

Smiiler v, 

Soixantaine 

Soixante 

Soixanter v, 

Soixanti^me 

Solen 

Solemnel, ^c, or^ 

Solennel i 

Solennellement (iZxiVT^^ 
Solennisalion >^'}l V^' ^^> 
Solenniser v, 
Solennit^ 

Solstitial 

Sommite 

Sot 

Soter 

Soubresaut 

SoCil 

Sourcil 

Sparadrap 

Spartiate 

Sphincter 

Sputer 

Squadroniste 

Squajote 

Squaie 

Squammeux 

Squ am mules 

Squiile 

Squillitique 

St 

Stachis 

Stagjnant 

Sta^ation 

Stathouder 

St^chas 



{tial p. sial. ^^Z, 

mm pi 199. 4 
tm, or p. 220. 3 
r p. 209. 3 

{s medial p, s 
213. 5 

1 1 m. 193. 1 

p m, 208. 1 
ti p. si 223. 9 

?rp. 209.3 



.qu p. ecu 229. 6 



n unsal, 195. 4 

p. 222. 

ch p. k, s p. 236 

g, np. 182 3 

er p. ^re or re 

210.3 

ch p. k, s p. 236 



287 



g, n p. 182. 3 
In p. 197. 8 

chp. k 168.9 

ctp. 167 

gu p. gou 229. 1 1 

•ti p. si 223. 9 

ct p. 167 
11 p. t^n^a/. 195.6 
1 W 196.7 
p. sonde 170. 3 
tienp. siaii237 



Stegnotique 

Stellionat 

Stellionataire 

Stenochorie 

Stichom^trie 

Strict 
Sublingual 
Substantiel 
Substantielle- 

meut 
Succinct 
Sugillation 
Sully 
Sund 

Superpartient 
Superstitieuse- 

tnent 
Superstitieux 
Supr^matie 
Surannation nn p. 200. 3 
Surfaisant, ^c. ai p.^ore 161. 5 
Sur-bipartient ) tien p. sian 
Surpartient I 2ST 

Sur-quadri- i qu p. cou, tien 

partient J p. sian 238 

Surseoir v, e m. 178. 31 
Sur-tripartient tien p. sian 237 
Suspect et m, 1 67. 8 

Sympt6me pw. or p. 208.2 

Synehondrose ?ehp.kl68.9 




s 223. 9 



Synchyse 

Syngnathe 

Syntexis 



Tabac 

Tabellionage 

Tab^s 

Tacet 

Taillemer 

Taler 

Taon 

Taulantien 

Taxis 

Telline 

Terpsichore 

Terraqu^ 

T^trarcbat 

T^trasyllabe 

Thallophores 



g, n p. 182. 3 
s p. 214. 7 

T. 

c m 166. 4 
II p. 197 8 
sp. 214. 7 
t j9. 220. 2 

Sr/?. 209. 3 

^ /?. tan or ton 163. 
( 16 

t;?. s 223. 9 

sp, 214 7 

Up. 197. 8 

cb p. k 168. 9 

u ;>. 228. 3 

chp. kl68. 9 

s/?. s 213. 5 

ll.f?. 197. 8 



Themis 

Theocratic 

Tiers 

Titien 

Titillation 

Toast 

Tonsillaire 

Tournesol 

Tournevis 

Tons 

Trachoma 

Tragus ' 

Tranquille 

Tranquillement 

Tranquilliser v. 

Tranquillity 

Transaction 

Trausalpin 

Transanimation 



sp. 214. 7 
tp.s 223.9 
r/7. 209. 3 
tienj».sien323.9 
\\p,unsal, 195.6 
p, toste 160. 1 
11 /?.Mn5a/, 195.6 
sp.s 213. 5 
s/>. 214.7 
s »!• or/?. 215 12 
ch/?. kl68. 9 
s^. 214. 7 

1 nnsal, 195.4 



.s;7.z 212.2 



z 212. 2 



Transiger v, 

Transissement s/?. s or z 212. 3 

Transit s /?. z, t /?. 237 

Transitif 

Transition 

Transitoire 

Transsubstanti- 

ation 
Transsubstan- 

tier V. 
Travers r p. 209. 3 

Tr^bellianique 11/7.197.8 
Tr^cbeur 
Tribunitien 
Trichodes 
Trichomane 
Triennal 
Triennalit^ 
Triennat 
Trisection 
Triumvir 
Triumviral 
Triumvirat 
Trochaiques 

Trochanter 



Up, 

ti. •) 

f tia, tier p, sia, 
I- tsi6 223. 9 



ch /?. k 168. 9 
tp,s 223.9 

^ch/?. k 168.9 






J>nn p, 20a. 
s/?. s 213. 5 



um/?.ome 230.13 



Trochee 

Trocholique 

Trochus 

Trop 

IV-autera 

Tyche 

Tycho-Brah^ 



} 

chp. k 168.9 
^ ch ^. k, er p. kre 
I 237 
)ch /I. k 163. 
5 9 

ch /?. k, s /?. 236 

p m. 208. 1 

em/>.6me 175.11 

ch p, k 168. 
9 



} 



Ubiquiste 

Ubiquitaire 

Umbares 

Umbilic 

Umble 

Une 

Unguis 

Univers 

Unzaine 

Us 

Ut 

Utrecht 



Vacillation 

Vaciller v» 

Vallaire 

Vaudeville 

Velleit^ 

Vellon 

V^nitien 

Vergeure 

Vermicelle 

Vexillaire 

Villace 

Village 

Viliageois 

Villanelle 

Villaquerie 

Villatique 

Ville 

Vill^giature 
Vi nonage 
Villette 



U. 



S88 

Vindas 
Vingt 



^ 

^■^z 



qu j9. 228. 3 



)>umj». 011330.12 

231.17 
c un/?. ou; u,sf?. 

^238 
r/>. 209. 3 
un /?. on 230. 12 
s J?. 214.7 

t p. 220. 2 
t^wa/w.169.12 

^ V, 

\Vi p^unsal 195. 

5 6 
11 p. 197. 8 
1 unsaL 195. 4 
lip. 197. 8 
Urt/. 196.7 
tp.s223.9 
geup.ju 178.30 

c p. ch 165. 3 
11 p. U7isal. 195. 6 



Vlww^«'. 195.4 



Vingtaine 

Viiigtains 

Vingti^me 

Violoncello 

Virus 

Vis 

Visigoth 

Vivat 

Vocontien 

Volvulus 

Vomer 

Vraisemblable 

Vraisemblable- 

ment 
Vraisemblance 

Wisk, whist 
Wiski 
Wllans 
Watregans 



s p. 214.' 7 
g m. t p. or m, 
221.5 

g w. 181. 2 

cp. ch a65. 3 

8 p. 214. 7 
B w». or p. 214.8 
th w: 185. 2 
t p. 220. 2 
t p. s 223. 9 
sp. 214. 7 
rp. 209.3 

.s p. S 213. 5 



>wp. ou 231. 1 



X. 

X^nodochion ch p. k 168. 9 
Xiphias s p. 214. 7 

Xylobalsamum s p. z 212. 2 



Yacht 



Zaejier 
Zaim 
Zinc 
& or et 



y. 

t m. 169. 12 
Z. 

rp. 209. 3 
imp. imel93 
c p. 166. 5 

227 



THE END. 






'<^^ 



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